[Surgical management of deafness].
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Cochlear Implantation↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Shin
Publications and source records attributed to Y Shin.
A Web-based interactive education programme on vaccination for public health officials.
Health and Welfare Training Center of Korean National Institute of Health (KNIH) has developed various education curricula for officials who are involved in the public health or welfare sectors. Still almost all education programmes are off-line based. In off-line settings, both the lecturers and the students should come to NIH from their counties to join the education programmes, and it is impossible for the students to review or to re-practice the education contents. We developed a prototype on-line setting education programmes to provide a more convenient and more effective service to the officials. This web-based interactive education programme consisted of the specific objectives on vaccination for the public health officials who were working for the national immunization programmes. It became a prototype of web-based education and was evaluated by the participants in April, 2001. From the evaluation, we improved the contents and tried to develop more subjects for the officials' training.
Adult↗
Semi-inclusive lambda and K(S) production in p-Au collisions at 17.5 GeV/c
The first detailed measurements of the centrality dependence of strangeness production in p-A collisions are presented. Lambda and K(S) dn/dy distributions from 17.5 GeV/ c p-Au collisions are shown as a function of "grey" track multiplicity and the estimated number of collisions, nu, made by the proton. The nu dependence of the Lambda yield deviates from a scaling of p-p data by the number of participants, increasing faster than this scaling for nu</=5 and saturating for larger nu. A slower growth in K(S) multiplicity with nu is observed, consistent with a weaker nu dependence of K&Kmacr; production than YK production.
Journal Article↗
Ordered Hierarchical Porous Materials: Towards Tunable Size- and Shape-Selective Microcavities in Nanoporous Channels The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. This work is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy.
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Journal Article↗
Molecular cloning of glycoprotein Ib-binding protein, flavocetin-A, which inhibits platelet aggregation.
Flavocetin-A is a strong platelet aggregation inhibitor isolated from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis. It binds specifically to platelet glycoprotein Ib with high affinity and inhibits von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet aggregation. The apparent molecular weight of flavocetin-A is 149 kDa. It consists of two subunits, alpha (17 kDa) and beta (14 kDa). The amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta subunits were determined from cloned cDNAs. Deduced amino acid sequences showed signal peptide-sequences of 23 amino acids for both alpha and beta subunits, mature peptide sequences of 135 amino acids for the alpha subunit, and 125 amino acids for the beta subunit. The amino acid sequences of alpha and beta subunits show high degrees of homology to those of C-type lectin-like venom proteins such as habu coagulation factors IX/X-binding protein (IX/X-bp), botrocetin, and alboaggregin-B. The cysteinyl residues of flavocetin-A, IX/X-bp, and botrocetin are conserved, except that flavocetin-A contains Cys 135 in the alpha subunit and Cys 3 in the beta subunit. We assumed that the arrangements of disulfide bridges in flavocetin-A are similar to those of IX/X-bp and botrocetin, and the additional Cys 135 of the alpha subunit and Cys 3 of the beta subunit are involved in novel disulfide bridges. These findings suggested that the additional disulfide bridges formed with Cys 135 of the alpha subunit and Cys 3 of the beta subunit cause polymerization of C-type lectin-like heterodimers.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Emission pattern of high-energy pions: A new probe for the early phase of heavy-Ion collisions
The emission pattern of charged pions has been measured in Au+Au collisions at 1 GeV/nucleon incident energy. In peripheral collisions and at target rapidities, high-energy pions are emitted preferentially towards the target spectator matter. In contrast, low-energy pions are emitted predominantly in the opposite direction. The corresponding azimuthal anisotropy is explained by the interaction of pions with projectile and target spectator matter. This interaction with the spectator matter causes an effective shadowing which varies with time during the reaction. Our observations show that high-energy pions stem from the early stage of the collision whereas low-energy pions freeze out later.
Journal Article↗
EXAFS study of uranyl nitrate dimer at high and low temperature.
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Journal Article↗
Wall imaging of cerebral aneurysms with a modified surface-rendering technique of spiral CT.
BACKGROUND: There has been no detailed documentation of the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) wall imaging of cerebral aneurysms. The usefulness of such endoscopic images obtained with modified spiral computed tomography angiography (CTA) was therefore examined in comparison with conventional spiral CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). METHODS: Fifteen of 45 patients who underwent conventional spiral CTA in our department in the past 4 years, were further studied with a technical modification of surface-rendering reconstruction in spiral CT. Endoscopic images were obtained by regulating the lower and higher thresholds of spiral CT scans in processing. Digital subtraction angiography was also performed for 14 of the 15 patients. The 3D wall images of the cerebral aneurysms were assessed in comparison with findings from conventional CTA and DSA. FINDINGS: The true orifice of the aneurysms could be visualized with the endoscopic mode in all of the 15 cases. In paraclinoid aneurysms, particularly below the anterior clinoid process, the relationships to associated vessels and bone structures were more clearly disclosed with this mode. The endoscopic images of aneurysms with rigid clots or neighboring distended veins were not as adversely affected as conventional CTA. In 4 of the 15 the wall imaging precisely located the branches arising from the dome of aneurysms which DSA could not. INTERPRETATION: Wall imaging of complex or small cerebral aneurysms provided valuable information on their relationships to associated arteries and surrounding bony structures. The endoscopic mode, a simple modification of surface rendering, is easily available in commercial CT processing packages.
Adult↗
Diverse effects of sphingosine on calcium mobilization and influx in differentiated HL-60 cells.
Sphingosine induces a biphasic increase in cytosolic-free Ca(2+)([Ca(2+)](i)) with an initial peak followed by a sustained increase in HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophil-like cells. The initial peak is not affected by the presence of ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) N, N, N', N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in the buffer and appears to be dependent on conversion of sphingosine to sphingosine -1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase, since it is blocked by the presence of N, N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), which, like sphingosine, causes a sustained increase itself. The sustained increase that is elicited by sphingosine or DMS is abolished by the presence of EGTA in the buffer. The sustained sphingosine-induced Ca(2+)influx does not appear due to Ca(2+)influx through store-operated Ca(2+)(SOC) channels, since the influx is not inhibited by SKF 96365, nor is it augmented by loperamide. In addition, sphingosine and DMS attenuate the Ca(2+)influx through SOC channels that occurs after depletion of intracellular stores by ATP or thapsigargin. Both the initial peak and the sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](i)elicited by sphingosine can be blocked by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-elicited activation of protein kinase C. Thus, in HL-60 cells sphingosine causes a mobilization of Ca(2+)from intracellular Ca(2+)stores, which requires conversion to S1P, while both sphingosine and DMS elicit a Ca(2+)influx through an undefined Ca(2+)channel and cause a blockade of SOC channels.
Calcium↗
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage.
A case is reported of a 66 year old woman presenting with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) which was caused by a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula at the C1 level. The fistula drained into the venous system of the posterior cranial fossa through a perimedullary vein. The bleeding was thought to result from venous hypertension induced by the fistula. This case may support the hypothesis that perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal SAH can be ascribed to venous bleeding and that venous hypertension is the key to its pathology.
Aged↗
Validation of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS).
OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive power of International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition (ICD-10)-based International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) with Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and ICD-9CM-based ICISS in the injury severity measure. METHODS: ICD-10 version of survival risk ratios was derived from 47,750 trauma patients from 35 emergency centers for 1 year. The predictive power of TRISS, the ICD-9CM-based ICISS and ICD-10-based ICISS were compared in a group of 367 severely injured patients admitted to two university hospitals. The predictive power was compared by using the measures of discrimination (disparity, sensitivity, specificity, misclassification rates, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics), all calculated by logistic regression procedure. RESULTS: ICD-10-based ICISS showed a lower performance than TRISS and ICD-9CM-based ICISS. When age and Revised Trauma Score were incorporated into the survival probability model, however, ICD-10-based ICISS full model showed a similar predictive power compared with TRISS and ICD-9CM-based ICISS full model. ICD-10-based ICISS had some disadvantages in predicting outcomes among patients with intracranial injuries. However, such weakness was largely compensated by incorporating age and Revised Trauma Score in the model. CONCLUSION: The ICISS methodology can be extended to ICD-10 horizon as a standard injury severity measure in the place of TRISS, especially when age and Revised Trauma Score were incorporated in the model. For patients with intracranial injuries, the predictive power of ICD-10-based ICISS was relatively low because of differences in the classifying system between ICD-10 and ICD-9CM.
Adult↗
split ends encodes large nuclear proteins that regulate neuronal cell fate and axon extension in the Drosophila embryo.
split ends (spen) encodes nuclear 600 kDa proteins that contain RNA recognition motifs and a conserved C-terminal sequence. These features define a new protein family, Spen, which includes the vertebrate MINT transcriptional regulator. Zygotic spen mutants affect the growth and guidance of a subset of axons in the Drosophila embryo. Removing maternal and zygotic protein elicits cell-fate and more general axon-guidance defects that are not seen in zygotic mutants. The wrong number of chordotonal neurons and midline cells are generated, and we identify defects in precursor formation and EGF receptor-dependent inductive processes required for cell-fate specification. The number of neuronal precursors is variable in embryos that lack Spen. The levels of Suppressor of Hairless, a key transcriptional effector of Notch required for precursor formation, are reduced, as are the nuclear levels of Yan, a transcriptional repressor that regulates cell fate and proliferation downstream of the EGF receptor. We propose that Spen proteins regulate the expression of key effectors of signaling pathways required to specify neuronal cell fate and morphology.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding a common precursor of disintegrin flavostatin and hemorrhagic factor HR2a from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis.
The venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis has three disintegrins that act as platelet aggregation inhibitors by binding to integrin alphaIIb beta3 on platelets through its Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. We isolated the cDNA encoding the flavostatin precursor that is one of the disintegrins in T. flavoviridis venom. The open reading frame consisted of four regions, a pre-peptide region, a metalloprotease region, a spacer region and a disintegrin region, indicating that the flavostatin precursor belongs to the metalloprotease/disintegrin family. Surprisingly, the deduced amino acid sequence of the metalloprotease region was completely consistent with that of hemorrhagic metalloprotease HR2a, which indicated that this metalloprotease released from the flavostatin precursor functions as a hemorrhagic factor. These observations indicated that a disintegrin and a hemorrhagic metalloprotease were synthesized as a common precursor. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that a disintegrin is synthesized as a metalloprotease/disintegrin precursor and matures by cleavage from the precursor molecule.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Signal transduction pathways mediated by glycoprotein Ia/IIa in human platelets: comparison with those of glycoprotein VI.
Human platelets were activated either by glycoprotein (GP) Ia/IIa agonist (rhodocytin) or by a GPVI agonist (collagen-related peptide, CRP), and the intracellular signal transduction pathways were compared in the presence of various inhibitors. Rhodocytin isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom was verified as a GPIa/IIa agonist, based on the inhibitory effects of three mAbs directed against GPIa. Platelet activation mediated by GPIa/IIa led to overt platelet aggregation, elevation of intracellular Ca2+, and tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, similar to that of GPVI. p72(syk) and phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2) tyrosine phosphorylation were also observed with GPIa/IIa-mediated platelet aggregation, although they peaked slightly later than that of GPVI. In contrast to GPVI-mediated platelet activation, most of these phenomena induced by GPIa/IIa activation were markedly suppressed by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or cytochalasin D. These findings suggest that the requirements for thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production and actin polymerization, which are the characteristics of collagen-induced platelet activation, are derived from the GPIa/IIa-mediated signal transduction, but not from that of GPVI.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Classical galactosemia and mutations at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene.
Classical galactosemia is caused by a deficiency in activity of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT), which, in turn, is caused by mutations at the GALT gene. The disorder exhibits considerable allelic heterogeneity and, at the end of 1998, more than 150 different base changes were recorded in 24 different populations and ethnic groups in 15 countries worldwide. The mutations most frequently cited are Q188R, K285N, S135L, and N314D. Q188R is the most common mutation in European populations or in those predominantly of European descent. Overall, it accounts for 60-70% of mutant chromosomes, but there are significant differences in its relative frequency in individual populations. Individuals homoallelic for Q188R tend to have a severe phenotype and this is in keeping with the virtually complete loss of enzyme activity observed in in vitro expression systems. Globally, K285N is rarer, but in many European populations it can be found on 25-40% of mutant chromosomes. It is invariably associated with a severe phenotype. S135L is found almost exclusively in African Americans. In vitro expression results are discrepant, but some individuals carrying S135L appear to exhibit GALT activity in some tissues. Duarte 1 (or Los Angeles) and Duarte 2 (or Duarte) variants carry the same amino acid substitution, N314D, even though D1 is associated with increased erythrocyte GALT activity and D2 with reduced activity. N314D is in linkage disequilibrium with other base changes that differ on the D1 and D2 alleles. N314D does not impair GALT activity in in vitro expression systems. However, there are differences in the abundance of GALT protein in lymphoblastoid cells lines from D2 and D1 individuals. It is unclear whether the specific molecular changes that distinguish the D1 and D2 alleles account for the different activities. The considerable genetic heterogeneity documented to date undoubtedly contributes to the phenotypic heterogeneity that is observed in galactosemia. The additional effects of nonallelic variation and other constitutional factors on phenotypic variability remain to be elucidated.
Alleles↗
The effects of a walking exercise program on physical function and emotional state of elderly Korean women.
Exercise is an important strategy for preventing chronic diseases and promoting the health of older adults. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of an outdoor walking exercise program on the cardiorespiratory function, the flexibility, and the emotional state of elderly Korean women. A nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used to measure the effects of the exercise program. The subjects were 27 females between the ages of 60 to 75 years. The intensity of the walking program was 40-60% of the target heart-rate with a duration of 50-60 min, 3 times per week at an outdoor track for 8 weeks. The effects of the program were assessed by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), resting pulse rate, blood pressure Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume per 1 second (FEV1) for cardiorespiratory function, the "sit and reach test" for flexibility, and by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) for emotional state. The physical function and the emotional state of the experimental group improved significantly more than that of the control group except FEV1 and the anger factor of POMS. The VO2max and the flexibility of elderly women in the experimental group progressively improved as the duration of the exercise period continued. The results of this study suggest a practical and easy method of exercise to enhance the health of older women.
Affect↗
A Nightingale-based model for dementia care and its relevance for Korean nursing.
This article addresses the synchrony between a Western middle-range theory of care for persons with dementia and traditional Korean nursing care. The Western theory is called a need-driven, dementia-compromised behavior model and is heavily influenced by the assessment categories outlined in Nightingale's work. This model is presented as congruent with Nightingale's work and then viewed from the perspective of traditional Korean nursing. Several congruencies and a few incongruencies are found between these Western and Eastern views, and suggestions are made for greater consistency between these views.
Attitude to Health↗
Subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial dissecting aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Two case reports.
Two rare cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysms of the anterior circulation associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are described. A 56-year-old female presented with a dissecting aneurysm in the proximal segment of the left middle cerebral artery. Proximal occlusion of the affected artery and a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis were performed, but the outcome was poor. A 61-year-old male presented with a dissecting aneurysm in the proximal segment of the left anterior cerebral artery. Clipping was enhanced by a piece of fascia lata, allowing patency of the affected artery with a satisfactory outcome. Dissecting aneurysm of the carotid system should be considered in a patient with SAH but no evidence of berry aneurysm.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗