Novel endoscopic hemostasis technique for use during endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Electrocoagulation↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Shimizu
Publications and source records attributed to Y Shimizu.
Positron emission tomography in relation to Noguchi's classification for diagnosis of peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer 2 cm or less in size.
BACKGROUND: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) scanning has become a critically important tool in diagnosis and management of non-small-cell lung cancer. However, the effectiveness of (18)F-FDG-PET as a diagnostic tool for small-sized lung cancer is controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of( 18)F-FDG-PET in relation to Noguchi's classification in the diagnosis of small peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: Between January 2003 and April 2006, 150 patients with peripheral lung lesions who were undergoing chest computed tomography (CT),( 18)F-FDG-PET, and operation were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients had malignant lesions, and 67 patients had benign lesions. PET had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 75.9%, 64.1%, 72.4%, and 68.3%, respectively. In 37 patients with peripheral lung cancer measuring 2.0 cm or less in the greatest diameter, the sensitivity was 51.4% and the specificity was 51.9%. Among them, all 4 cases of Noguchi type A adenocarcinoma [localized bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (LBAC)], 4 of 5 type B and 8 of 17 type C were false negative, while 9 of 11 (81.8%) types D, E, and F (invasive carcinomas without a BAC component) were true positive. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of( 18)F-FDG-PET is generally low in distinguishing malignancy from benign lesions in small lesions (<2.0-cm diameter). The significance of PET as a diagnostic tool is small, especially when the tumor has a ground-glass component at a high rate. The sensitivity of PET is high in small invasive carcinomas without a BAC component, but it is difficult to distinguish carcinoma from benign tumor from its image.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
Purinergic control of the quail rectum: modulation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate-mediated contraction with acetylcholine.
Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induces frequency-dependent contractions of the longitudinal muscle of isolated quail rectum which were sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether purinergic neurons are implicated in the response to nerve stimulation. The shape of the EFS-induced contractile response was different depending on stimulus frequency; low frequencies (0.5-2 Hz) induced fast monophasic contractions with a small subsequent relaxation; whereas higher frequencies (5-50 Hz) induced biphasic contractile response that comprised fast initial component (as in case of low frequency) and a slow delayed contractile component in addition to the relaxation that follows the fast contractile component. Prior application of atropine (10 microM) completely abolished the slow delayed component but significantly enhanced the fast initial contractile component. Physostigmine (1-10 microM) significantly enhanced the slow delayed component with an inhibitory effect on the initial fast component. The nonspecific purinergic receptor antagonist, suramin (100-500 microM) significantly inhibited the fast initial contractile component with no significant effect on the slow delayed one. Complete blockade of the fast component was achieved by prior application of a combination consisted of suramin (50 microM) and pyridoxicalphosphate-6-azophenyl 2',4'-disulphonic acid tetrasodium (PPADS; 10 microM). Exogenous applications of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and acetylcholine (10 microM each), produced contractile responses that mimicked those induced by EFS. These data suggest that ATP is the main noncholinergic excitatory transmitter controlling the contractile activity of the quail rectum; and that its action could be modulated by acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine↗
NANC inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the hamster distal colon.
The neurotransmitter(s) that generate the inhibitory junctional potential (IJP) in the circular muscle of hamster distal colon and their mechanisms have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to determine the contributing roles of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory transmitter(s) including nitric oxide (NO), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the generation of IJP in the hamster distal colon. For this purpose, the effects of the corresponding blockers of these putative NANC inhibitory mediators have been investigated using microelectrode technique. Intracellular membrane potential recordings were made from smooth muscle cells at 35 degrees C in Tyrode's solution that contained atropine (0.5microM), guanethidine (3microM) and nifedipine (0.5microM). Single electrical stimuli (0.5ms, 50V) as well as trains of two and five pulses (20Hz at the same duration and voltage) elicited NANC IJP consisted of initial fast (IJP-F) followed by a slow hyperpolarization (IJP-S). The response had been abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 0.3microM). The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 200microM) blocked IJP-S but enhanced IJP-F. The later had been blocked with suramin, a universal P2 receptor antagonist, or with CBF3GA, a P2Y receptor antagonist at dose-dependent fashions. The IJP-F had been markedly inhibited by desensitization of P2Y receptor with its putative agonist 2-methylthio-ATP (2-meSATP, 50microM for 30min). IJP-F was sensitive to the P2Y1 receptor specific antagonist A3P5PS (10microM) and to the G-protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX, 400ng/ml for 2h) as well as to the small and intermediate Ca(2+) sensitive K(+) channels blocker, apamin (0.3microM). IJP-S was blocked by the guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10microM) and was partially sensitive to apamin. Exogenously applied ATP (100microM-1mM) produced typical hyperpolarization that was blocked by suramin, CBF3GA and 2-meSATP desensitization; while exogenously applied NO (3-10microM) produced slowly developing hyperpolarization that was not blocked by L-NAME but ODQ. In the presence of both purinergic and nitrergic inhibitors, stimulation using a train of eight pulses at 25Hz evoked a small slow hyperpolarization that was sensitive to the VIP antagonist (VIP 6-28, 1microM). Exogenous application of VIP (1-10microM) produced similar response that was not evident in the presence of VIP 6-28. These data indicate that NANC IJP that is generated in the circular muscle cells of hamster distal colon is mediated by ATP and NO via P2Y1/P2Y2 receptor and GC-dependent pathways, respectively. A masked role for VIP is also indicated.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Gamow-Teller strengths in the A = 14 multiplet: a challenge to the shell model.
A new experimental approach to the famous problem of the anomalously slow Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in the beta decay of the A=14 multiplet is presented. The GT strength distributions to excited states in 14C and 14O were studied in high-resolution (d,2He) and (3He,t) charge-exchange reactions on 14N. No-core shell-model calculations capable of reproducing the suppression of the beta decays predict a selective excitation of Jpi=2+ states. The experimental confirmation represents a validation of the assumptions about the underlying structure of the 14N ground state wave function. However, the fragmentation of the GT strength over three 2+ final states remains a fundamental issue not explained by the present no-core shell model using a 6homega model space, suggesting possibly the need to include cluster structure in these light nuclei in a consistent way.
Journal Article↗
Tachykinins are involved in local reflex modulation of vagally mediated striated muscle contractions in the rat esophagus via tachykinin NK1 receptors.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis of the presence of a local neural reflex modulating the vagally mediated contractions of striated muscle in the rat esophagus and to determine the possible involvement of tachykinins in such a local neural reflex. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve evoked twitch contractile responses that were abolished by d-tubocurarine (5 microM). Capsaicin (1-100 microM) inhibited the vagally mediated twitch contractions o f the normal rat esophageal preparations concentration-dependently but not those of the neonatally capsaicin-treated ones. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, blocked the inhibitory effect of capsaicin and exogenous application of a nitric oxide donor (1 mM) inhibited the vagally mediated twitch contractions. Capsaicin suppressed acetylcholine release from the normal rat esophageal segments evoked by vagus nerve stimulation but not that from the neonatally capsaicin-treated ones. A selective tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist (0.1 or 1 microM) attenuated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin. However, antagonists of tachykinin NK2, tachykinin NK3 and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors (1 microM) did not have any effect. A tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist (1 or 5 microM) inhibited the vagally mediated twitch contractions, which was prevented by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM). These data suggest that the rat esophagus might have a local neural reflex inhibiting the vagally mediated striated muscle motility, which consists of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons and myenteric nitrergic neurons, and that tachykinins might be involved in the neural reflex through tachykinin NK1 receptors.
Acetylcholine↗
Fine structure of the Gamow-Teller resonance in 90Nb and level density of 1+ states.
The fine structure of the Gamow-Teller resonance in a medium-heavy nucleus is observed for the first time in a high-resolution 90Zr(3He,t)90Nb experiment at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka. Using a novel wavelet analysis technique, it is possible to extract characteristic energy scales and to quantify their relative importance for the generation of the fine structure. This method combined with the selectivity of the reaction permits an extraction of the level density of 1+ states in 90Nb.
Journal Article↗
Indocyanine green is an ideal dye for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle tattooing of pancreatic tumors.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle tattooing (EUS-FNT) is an ideal technique for preoperative marking of lesions detected on preoperative examination. Although India ink has been used for endoscopic tattooing, there have been numerous reports of complications associated with its use. This is the first report of EUS-FNT using indocyanine green (ICG) and describes its use for preoperative marking of a tumor in a 78-year-old man with multiple pancreatic tumors. There were no complications associated with the EUS-FNT procedure and it is suggested that ICG is a more suitable dye for tattooing of pancreatic lesions than India ink, being far less frequently associated with side effects.
Aged↗
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal epithelial neoplasia.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The technique of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has recently been developed for en-bloc resection of gastric tumors. For oncological reasons and in order to improve the patients' quality of life, it may be desirable to use the same technique for rectal neoplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive patients with rectal neoplasia who had a preoperative diagnosis of large intraepithelial neoplasias with submucosal fibrosis or located on the rectal folds were enrolled. ESD was carried out with the same technique previously described for the stomach, with some modifications. The efficacy, complications, and follow-up results of the treatment were assessed. RESULTS: The rates of en-bloc resection and en-bloc plus R0 resection were 88.6 % (31 of 35) and 62.9 % (22 of 35), respectively. Hemoglobin levels did not drop by more than 2 g/dl in any of the patients after ESD. None of the patients had to receive blood transfusions or undergo emergency colonoscopy due to bleeding during ESD or hematochezia after ESD. Perforation during ESD occurred in two patients (5.7 %), who were managed with conservative medical treatment after endoscopic closure of the perforation. Excluding three patients in whom additional surgery was carried out, all but one of 32 patients were free of recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range 12 - 60 months). The exception was a patient in whom a multiple-piece resection was required; the recurrent (residual) tumor, found 2 months after ESD, was a small adenoma that was again treated endoscopically. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is applicable in the rectum with promising results, but the technique is still at a developmental stage and patients should be informed of the potential risks.
Chi-Square Distribution↗
Successful nonsurgical management of perforation complicating endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasms.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a novel technique used for the treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasia. One of its major limitations, however, is the complication of perforation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included in our study all the cases of perforation that occurred during ESD procedures for gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia between February 2000 and February 2005. Clinical outcomes after perforation were investigated. RESULTS: Perforation was experienced at 27 lesions in 27 patients (four in the esophagus, fourteen in the stomach, seven in the colon, and two in the rectum). Fibrosis under the lesions was confirmed histologically in seven patients (26 %). Immediate closure using endoclips was performed in all patients except for three asymptomatic patients in whom a stomach perforation was first noticed when free air was noticed on a radiograph the morning after the ESD procedure. Air accumulation was detected radiographically in 21 patients (78 %). The mean duration of antibiotic treatment was 6.7 days and the patients were fasted for a mean period of 5.3 days. The mean maximum body temperature was 37.3 degrees C, the mean white blood cell count was 9733/mm3, and the mean C-reactive protein level was 5.0 mg/dl. All the patients were discharged well from the ward after a mean time of 12.1 days after ESD, and no recurrence caused by tumor spread from the perforation occurred in any patient after a median follow-up period of 36 months (range 9 - 52 months). CONCLUSION: Successful nonsurgical management after ESD complicated by perforation is a highly feasible option if intensive conservative treatments are used following immediate endoscopic closure of the perforation.
Aged↗
Bioremediation of coal contaminated soil under sulfate-reducing condition.
The objective of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of coal-derived hydrocarbons, especially high molecular weight (HMW) components, under anaerobic conditions. For this purpose biodegradation experiments were performed, using specifically designed soil column bioreactors. For the experiment, coal-contaminated soil was prepared, which contains high molecular weight hydrocarbons at high concentration (approx. 55.5 mgC g-drysoil(-1)). The experiment was carried out in two different conditions: sulfate reducing (SR) condition (SO4(2-) = 10 mmol l(-1) in the liquid medium) and control condition (SO4(2-)<0.5 mmol l(-1)). Although no degradation was observed under the control condition, the resin fraction decreased to half (from 6,541 to 3,386 mgC g-soil(-1)) under SR condition, with the concomitant increase of two PAHs (phenanthrene and fluoranthene, 9 and 2.5 times, respectively). From these results, we could conclude that high molecular hydrocarbons were biodegradable and transformed to low molecular weight PAHs under the sulfate-reducing condition. Since these PAHs are known to be biologically degraded under aerobic condition, a serial combination of anaerobic (sulfate reducing) and then aerobic bioremediations could be effective and useful for the soil pollution by petroleum and/or coal derived hydrocarbons.
Anaerobiosis↗
Compressive force induces osteoblast apoptosis via caspase-8.
Periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement is a result of mechanical stresses. The application of excessive orthodontic force induces cell death. However, the nature of compressive force-induced cell death is unclear. We examined whether the in vitro application of continuous compressive force would induce apoptosis in human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells), and investigated the mechanism by which apoptosis was initiated. The cells became aligned irregularly, and cell viability decreased, indicating that the compressive force caused cell death. According to the TUNEL analysis, the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly in a time-and force-dependent manner. Caspase-3 activity increased with the magnitude of the compressive force, and this effect was reduced significantly by a caspase-8 inhibitor, whereas a caspase-9 inhibitor had no such effect. We conclude that the in vitro application of compressive force can induce apoptosis in MG-63 cells through the activation of caspase-3 via the caspase-8 signaling cascade.
Analysis of Variance↗
Distribution of dioxins in surface soils and river-mouth sediments and their relevance to watershed properties.
The dioxins toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentration in surface soils, river sediments and river-mouth sediments was measured by the CALUX assay in the Yasu and Ado River basins around Lake Biwa, Japan. In order to examine the distribution of dioxins in each watershed, we evaluated and compared the correlation between the dioxins TEQ concentration and the solid characteristics (i.e. organic carbon content and particle size distribution) of all samples. In both basins, the dioxins TEQ concentration in forest soil correspondingly showed a very good linear relationship to organic carbon content. On the other hand, the dioxins TEQ concentration in paddy field was significantly high, although organic carbon content was relatively low. Generally, the smaller particles have the higher dioxins TEQ concentrations in surface soils, and river sediments were composed of very coarse particles and had relatively low dioxins TEQ concentration. Therefore, we expected high dioxins TEQ concentration in river-mouth sediment, which was, however, not the case. Although the dioxins TEQ concentration in river-mouth sediments is low, the degree of dioxins pollution was different in each basin. The difference was considered to come from the difference of watershed properties including land use, river-slope, dam construction as well as the surface soil pollution.
Carbon↗
Evaluation of sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery efficiencies in a new advanced wastewater treatment system using denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms.
A new biological nutrient removal process, anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (A/O/A) system using denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), was proposed. To attain excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery, the A/O/A system equipped with ozonation tank and phosphorus adsorption column was operated for 92 days, and water quality of the effluent, sludge reduction efficiency, and phosphorus recovery efficiency were evaluated. As a result, TOC, T-N and T-P removal efficiency were 85%, 70% and 85%, respectively, throughout the operating period. These slightly lower removal efficiencies than conventional anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A/A/O) processes were due to the unexpected microbial population in this system where DNPAOs were not the dominant group but normal polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) that could not utilize nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptor became dominant. However, it was successfully demonstrated that 34-127% of sludge reduction and around 80% of phosphorus recovery were attained. In conclusion, the A/O/A system equipped with ozonation and phosphorus adsorption systems is useful as a new advanced wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to resolve the problems of increasing excess sludge and depleted phosphorus.
Adsorption↗
Predicting struvite formation for phosphorus recovery from human urine using an equilibrium model.
Interest in phosphorus recovery from urine diverted from faeces has been growing recently. Phosphorus in urine can be precipitated out as struvite (MgNH4PO4 x 6H2O) with addition of magnesium salt under alkaline conditions. Struvite formation, however, should be more well understood for its practical application. We predicted the struvite formation with a development of a new equilibrium model. The model considered the formation of eight different kinds of precipitates, including struvite, with effects of ionic strength and temperature. In addition, experiments on struvite formation in urine were conducted for the model validation. The model prediction of struvite formation had good agreement with the experimental results. The optimum pH to form struvite was predicted to be 9.4-9.7. In order to precipitate 99% of phosphate in urine with 1.5 fold Mg concentration to PO4-P, the pH value was necessary to be more than 8.1 based on the model prediction.
Humans↗
Management of malignant pleural effusion by multimodality treatment including the use of paclitaxel administered by 24-hour intrathoracic infusion for patients with carcinomatous pleuritis.
For successful intrapleural chemotherapy, intrapleural drug activity should be maintained for as long as possible. This interim report presents the results of treatment with paclitaxel administered by 24-hour intrathoracic infusion as an adjunct to selective surgical management and/or systemic chemotherapy for controlling malignant pleural effusion. Thirteen patients with carcinomatous pleuritis were enrolled in the study between October 2001 and September 2004. The sites of primary disease were the lung in 12 patients and the breast in one patient. Paclitaxel (120 mg/m2) was administered by 24-hour intrathoracic infusion. Seven patients underwent elective surgical treatment and 11 patients received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Mild toxicity occurred in 7 cases, and chest pain and neutropenia were dominant. During a median follow-up period of 9 months (range, 2-33 months), malignant effusion was controlled successfully in 11 patients (84.6%). The multimodality treatment, including the use of paclitaxel, in this manner merits further investigation for possible intervention for malignant pleural effusion originating in lung and breast neoplasms.
Adult↗
Correlation of serum pepsinogens and gross appearances combined with histology in early gastric cancer.
The correlation between serum pepsinogen (PG) levels and the gross types was investigated in 128 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer. Although there was no significant difference in age, gender, cancer location, or cancer depth among gross appearances, the distribution of histological type was significantly different between polypoid and depressed cancers: all polypoid cancers except one were intestinal type, whereas nearly a third of depressed cancers were diffuse type. All the patients in whom Helicobacter pylori status was investigated had Helicobacterpylori infection. Combination of gross appearances and histology (polypoid cancer with intestinal type, depressed cancer with intestinal type and depressed cancer with diffuse type) showed a clear difference in distribution of serum PG levels and a ratio between levels of PG I and PG II (I/II ratio). In polypoid cancer with intestinal type, a PG I level and a I/II ratio were significantly lower than those of the others. In depressed cancer with diffuse type, PG I and PG II levels were significantly higher. These findings revealed that backgrounds such as intragastric acidity and extent of gastric atrophy might differ among early gastric cancers with different morphology and histology.
Adult↗
Gamow-teller strengths in proton-rich exotic nuclei deduced in the combined analysis of mirror transitions.
Isospin symmetry is expected for the T(z)=+/-1-->0 isobaric analogous transitions in isobars with mass number A, where T(z) is the z component of isospin T. Assuming this symmetry, strengths of analogous Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions within A = 50 isobars were determined from a high energy-resolution study at 0 degrees in combination with the decay Q value and lifetime from the beta decay. This method can be applied to other pf-shell nuclei and can be used to study GT strengths of astrophysical interest.
Journal Article↗