Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Shimazaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shimazaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The extent of alveolar bone loss is associated with impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of periodontal disease in diabetic patients is reported to have a beneficial effect on their glucose control. A recent study indicated that having deep pockets is significantly associated with past development of glucose intolerance in non-diabetic individuals using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These findings suggest that periodontal disease is a risk factor for diabetes, although more evidence is needed. METHODS: A total of 193 Japanese men aged 50 to 54 years with at least 10 teeth were examined as part of a comprehensive health examination before retirement from the Japan Self-Defense Force. Alveolar bone loss of the posterior teeth was measured on a panoramic x-ray film. An OGTT was administered and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes were defined. The relationships between the mean ratio of alveolar bone loss to root length and OGTT results were analyzed after adjusting for known risk factors for diabetes. RESULTS: The proportion of subjects with IGT increased significantly in the subjects with higher tertiles of alveolar bone loss (P<0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis excluding diabetic subjects, the adjusted OR for IGT to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) increased in subjects with higher tertiles of alveolar bone loss (P for trend=0.03). In the subjects with the highest tertile of alveolar bone loss, the adjusted OR for IGT to NGT was 4.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41 to 12.9; P=0.01). CONCLUSION: The degree of alveolar bone loss is significantly associated with IGT, suggesting that periodontitis with alveolar bone loss is associated with impaired glucose tolerance.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2005

Relationship between obesity, glucose tolerance, and periodontal disease in Japanese women: the Hisayama study.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported a relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. Obesity is the strongest risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is, in turn, a risk factor for periodontal disease. An oral glucose tolerance test is necessary to diagnose diabetes; however, no study has examined the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease by taking oral glucose tolerance test results into consideration. METHODS: In all, 584 Japanese women aged between 40 and 79 years old, with at least 10 teeth, underwent health examinations. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat, and oral glucose tolerance test results were used as independent variables with known risk factors for periodontal disease. Mean probing pocket depth and mean attachment loss were used as the dependent variables. RESULTS: In all of the analyses, body mass index, body fat, and waist--hip ratio were significantly associated with the highest quintile of mean probing pocket depth, even when adjusted for oral glucose tolerance test results. In the multivariate analysis, the subjects with the highest quartile of body mass index had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for the highest quintile of mean probing pocket depth [OR, 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1--8.9; p<0.001], whereas neither impaired glucose tolerance nor diabetes were significantly associated with deep pockets. The relationships between the obesity indexes and mean attachment loss did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Obesity was associated with deep pockets in Japanese women, even after adjusting for oral glucose tolerance test.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between dental care and oral health in institutionalized elderly people in Japan.

This study examined the relationship between dental care and dental health status in institutionalized elderly people in Japan through a 6-year prospective cohort study. All the 719 subjects received both baseline and follow-up surveys. The uptake of dental care was examined at the follow-up survey. We examined the relationship between baseline variables and the provision of dental care, and the relationship between dental care and change of oral health status. About 47% of the subjects and about 60% of the baseline dentate subjects received some dental treatment during the 6-year follow-up period. The subjects who were in better systemic and dental health at baseline used dental services frequently. The number of teeth needing extraction decreased in the subjects who received dental treatment, and increased in the untreated subjects. Denture status was better in the treated subjects than in the untreated subjects. Dental care appears to be an important factor in maintaining a healthy oral status for the institutionalized elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The severity of periodontal disease is associated with the development of glucose intolerance in non-diabetics: the Hisayama study.

Inflammation is hypothesized to play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes; however, reports on clinical inflammatory conditions are limited. Studies have suggested that periodontitis affects glucose control in diabetics. This community-based study examined the relationship between periodontitis and glucose tolerance status, including changes in status. The relationship between periodontal condition and the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was examined in 961 adults in 1998. Deep pockets (mean pocket depth > 2.0 mm) were significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance and with diabetes as compared with shallow pockets (< 1.3 mm). In the subgroup with normal glucose tolerance 10 years previously, subjects who subsequently developed impaired glucose tolerance were significantly more likely to have deep pockets. Deep pockets were closely related to current glucose tolerance status and the development of glucose intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Immune response to Japanese rabies vaccine in domestic dogs.

To evaluate the immune response induced by Japanese rabies vaccine for veterinary use as international units (IU), we measured levels of rabies antibody in serum samples from dogs by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). In dogs immunized with a reference vaccine (potency level of 3.1 IU/ml), prepared by the same method as that used to produce commercial vaccine, and its dilutions (1 : 2 or 1 : 4), neutralizing-antibody levels increased to 1.0-2.0 IU/ml over a period of 1 month and then decreased to 0.2-1.5 IU/ml over a period of 1 year after the first vaccination and showed a remarkable increase to 12-47 IU/ml after the second vaccination. Sixty-five (74.7%) of the 87 serum samples from domestic dogs that were tested were seropositive (> or =0.1 IU/ml). However, the seropositive rate in dogs less than 1-year old at the time of vaccination was low (57.1%), and the antibody levels in these dogs were not sufficiently high for the rabies antibody titre in serum to be maintained for 1-year. Levels of rabies antibody in all serum samples were also measured by the virus neutralizing test (VNT), and a strong correlation (r > 0.95) was found between the results of the RFFIT and those of the VNT.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Removal of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infected pacemaker leads under cardiopulmonary bypass: report of a case].

A 71-year-old man, who underwent an intravenous pacemaker implantation previously, suffered from fever and local infection of the generator pocket. A blood culture showed positive for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). He underwent removal of total pacemaker system under cardiopulmonary bypass support successfully. Two leads were tightly adhered to the right atrial free wall, tricuspid valve and right ventricular trabeculation. Postoperative course was uneventful with administration of antibiotics for 5 weeks. Removal under cardiopulmonary bypass is considered to be an effective procedure for treatment of patients with infected pacemaker lead.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Successful total arch replacement for a 92-year-old woman with acute Stanford A aortic dissection: report of a case].

We reported a successful case of emergent total arch replacement for a nonagenarian with acute Stanford A aortic dissection. A 92-year-old woman complained of general fatigue, with hypotension. Echocardiography showed moderate pericardial effusion and aortic regurgitation. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed widely extended aortic dissection from the ascending aorta to descending thoracic aorta, and cardiac tamponade. An emergent total arch replacement was performed under hypothermic selective cerebral perfusion with bladder temperature of 22.5 degrees C. Although she suffered from pneumothorax, renal insufficiency and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding postoperatively, she tolerated the operation and complications, well. She is now leading a good life with the same level of activities of daily living (ADL) as preoperative one.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

[Mid-term outcome of aortic arch operation for true aneurysms; using an axillary artery perfusion].

To prevent cerebral infarction during perioperative period, we have used an axillary artery for systemic perfusion and selective cerebral perfusion for aortic arch operation. Since 1996, 34 aortic arch operations were performed in our institution. Simultaneous 5 CABGs, 4 AVRs, 2 aortic root replacements and 1 MVR were performed. There were 2 hospital deaths (5.9%, sepsis and acute heart failure) and only 1 (2.9%) cerebral infarction. There were no deaths in patients over 75 years of age and in patients with extensive aneurysm which were replaced by 2-staged operation. Overall 3 years survival was 94.1% with no further death. We conclude that aortic arch operation through an axillary artery perfusion and with hypothermic selective cerebral perfusion can be performed with very low mortality and morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nitric oxide-dependent and -independent inhibition by lipopolysaccharide of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in vascular smooth muscle.

The present study was designed in order to clarify the mechanisms of diminished phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood vessels. In vitro pretreatment of rat aortic strips with LPS (1 microg/ml) for 10 or 24 hrs inhibited 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 100 microM)-induced inositol monophosphate accumulation in a time-dependent manner. Coincubation of the aortas with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (LNMMA, 1 mM) completely prevented the early diminution of 5-HT-stimulated PI hydrolysis after 10-hr exposure to LPS but did not affect the delayed diminution after 24-hr exposure. Coincubation with cycloheximide (1 microM) did not prevent the delayed LPS-induced diminution of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Tetraethylammonium (10 mM) did not restore the diminished phosphoinositide hydrolysis after 24-hr exposure to LPS, suggesting that the diminution is not due to K+ channel activation. Sodium fluoride (10 mM)-induced inositol monophosphate accumulation was also decreased in the aortic strips after LPS incubation for 24 hrs, and this decrease was not prevented by coincubation with LNMMA. LPS incubation time-dependently increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the aortas, which was completely inhibited by LNMMA or cycloheximide. These results suggest that NO is mainly involved in the inhibitory action of LPS on stimulated-PI hydrolysis in the early stage, while in the later stage, a factor(s) besides NO causes attenuation of the stimulated-PI hydrolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Molecular cloning of Bombyx cerebral opsin (Boceropsin) and cellular localization of its expression in the silkworm brain.

We have cloned a cDNA for a novel opsin from the larval brain of the silkworm Bombyx mori in which the photoperiodic photoreceptor had been supposed to reside in the cephalic central nervous system (CNS). Its deduced amino acid sequence was composed of 381 amino acids and included amino acid residues highly conserved in insect visual pigments. This opsin belonged to the long wavelength photoreceptor group of insect opsins and showed the greatest degree of homology (84%) with the green visual photoreceptor in the sphingid moth. We have designated this Bombyx cerebral opsin as Boceropsin. Southern blotting experiments indicated that the Boceropsin gene is present in a single copy, and RT-PCR analysis revealed that Boceropsin mRNA is expressed in the larval brain but not in the subesophageal ganglion (Sg) or thoracic ganglion (Tg). Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that Boceropsin protein is present bilaterally in some defined cells localized in the brain of Bombyx larvae. This is the first report of expression of an opsin-based protein in CNS of an insect. The possibility that the Boceropsin functions as the photoperiodic receptive pigment in the silkworm is also discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis, characterization, and stereochemistry of oxorhenium(V) complexes with 2-aminoethanethiolate.

A series of oxorhenium(V) complexes with 2-aminoethanethiolate (aet), [ReO(aet-N,S)(D-pen-N,O,S)] (2), [[ReO(aet-N,S)(2)](2)O] (3), [ReO(Cl)(aet-N,S)(2)] (4), and [ReO(aet-N,S)(Haet-S)(2)]Cl(2) ([5]Cl(2)) was newly prepared starting from ReO(4)(-). The reaction of NH(4)ReO(4) with a 1:1 mixture of Haet.HCl and D-H(2)pen (D-penicillamine) in the presence of SnCl(2).2H(2)O in water gave 2, 3, and the known complex [ReO(D-Hpen-N,S)(D-pen-N,O,S)] (1). These complexes were fractionally precipitated by controlling the pH of the reaction solution. The complex 2 was also prepared in a higher yield by a similar reaction using methanol as a solvent. The crystal structure of 2 was determined by X-ray crystallography; 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4(3) with a = 9.621(1), c = 12.911(1) A, V = 1195.0(3) A(3), and Z = 4. The oxorhenium(V) core in 2 is coordinated by a bidentate-N,S aet ligand and a tridentate-N,O,S D-pen ligand, having a distorted octahedral geometry with a cis-N cis-S configuration in the equatorial plane perpendicular to the O-Re-O axis. The 1:2 reaction of NH(4)ReO(4) with Haet.HCl in the presence of SnCl(2).2H(2)O in methanol produced 4, which is interconvertible with 3, while the corresponding 1:3 reaction resulted in the isolation of [5]Cl(2). The complexes 4 and 5 were also structurally characterized; 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 6.839(1), b = 10.0704(6), c = 14.1075(8) A, beta = 91.729(8) degrees, V = 971.2(2) A(3), and Z = 4, while [5]Cl(2) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 11.938(3), b = 12.366(3), c = 5.819(1) A, alpha = 102.71(2), beta = 101.28(2), gamma = 75.41(2) degrees, V = 802.0(3) A(3), and Z = 2. In 4, the oxorhenium(V) core is octahedrally coordinated by two bidentate-N,S aet ligands, which form a cis-N cis-S configurational equatorial plane with a Cl(-) ion trans to the oxo ligand. On the other hand, the oxorhenium(V) core in [5](2+) is coordinated by one bidenate-N,S aet and two monodentate-S Haet ligands, having a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with S and N donors at the apical positions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Inhibitory effect of bovine milk lactoferrin on the interaction between a streptococcal surface protein antigen and human salivary agglutinin.

Human whole saliva induces aggregation of Streptococcus mutans cells via an interaction between a surface protein antigen (PAc) of the organism and salivary agglutinin. Bovine milk inhibits the saliva-induced aggregation of S. mutans. In this study, the milk component that possesses inhibitory activity against this aggregation was isolated and found to be lactoferrin. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated that bovine lactoferrin binds more strongly to salivary agglutinin, especially to high molecular mass glycoprotein, which is a component of the agglutinin, than to recombinant PAc. The binding of bovine lactoferrin to salivary agglutinin was thermostable, and the optimal pH for binding was 4.0. To identify the saliva-binding region of bovine lactoferrin, 11 truncated bovine lactoferrin fragments were constructed. A fragment corresponding to the C-terminal half of the lactoferrin molecule had a strong inhibitory effect on the saliva-induced aggregation of S. mutans, whereas a fragment corresponding to the N-terminal half had a weak inhibitory effect. Seven shorter fragments corresponding to lactoferrin residues 473-538 also showed a high ability to inhibit the aggregation of S. mutans. These results suggest that residues 473-538 of bovine lactoferrin are important in the inhibition of saliva-induced aggregation of S. mutans.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2001

Concomitant aortic arch and root replacement using a stentless xenograft for acute type A dissection.

A 78-year-old woman with an aortic root aneurysm and aortic regurgitation developing acute type A dissection successfully underwent aortic root replacement using a stentless xenograft during core cooling, followed by total aortic arch replacement under selective cerebral perfusion with deep hypothermia. This bioprosthesis can be used in the same way as a free-hand homograft and potentially provides an aggressive, safe option for acute aortic dissection requiring aortic root reconstruction in elderly patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Psychological condition of patients complaining of halitosis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the actual degree of malodor and the psychological condition of patients complaining of halitosis. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 155 patients aged 46+/-17 years (mean+/-SD) who visited the Halitosis Clinic at Kyushu University Dental Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. The Cornell Medical Index (CMI) Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate the psychological condition of patients. The degree of halitosis was estimated by the organoleptic test. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of the patients had no or slight odor. Patients with a lower degree of halitosis showed a stronger psychopathological profile. There was a significant correlation between the degree of halitosis and the tendency toward neurosis (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r=-0.37, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that psychological condition is closely associated with symptoms of patients complaining of halitosis. The CMI Health Questionnaire may be a helpful tool for the diagnosis of patients who complain of halitosis.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2001

Characteristics of patients complaining of halitosis and the usefulness of gas chromatography for diagnosing halitosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients complaining of halitosis and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3 methods of measuring halitosis. STUDY DESIGN: The actual degree of halitosis was determined through use of an organoleptic test in 155 patients aged 46 +/- 17 years (mean +/- SD). The volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were determined with gas chromatography and with sulfide monitoring. RESULTS: The organoleptic test revealed that 55% of the subjects had either no mouth odor or slight mouth odor. There was a significant correlation between the organoleptic score and the total VSC level as determined through use of other methods. The critical discrimination value of the total VSC level was calculated to be 0.057 ppm for gas chromatography and 0.117 ppm for sulfide monitoring; high sensitivity and specificity were obtained when the gas chromatography value was used. The amount of tongue coating was significantly greater in the halitosis-positive group than in the halitosis-negative group, whereas there was no difference in salivary flow rate between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that determining VSCs with gas chromatography is a useful means of diagnosing halitosis.

Chi-Square Distribution↗