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Biomedical subjects

Y Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shimada.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Transthoracic resection of esophageal cancer in patients with pulmonary dysfunction. Usefulness of high frequency ventilation during thoracotomy.

Although curative resection of esophageal cancer has become a safe procedure, in patients with pulmonary dysfunction, postoperative complications remain a serious problem. Of 122 patients who had transthoracic resection of esophageal cancer, 27 had pulmonary dysfunction; in six, the forced vital capacity was less than 70% (minimum of 42.8%, mean +/- SD of 56.6 +/- 8.9%); in 18, forced expiratory volume for one second (FEV1%) was less than 70% (minimum of 34.6%, mean +/- SD of 60 +/- 10%); and in three, both forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume was less than 70%. Two patients had undergone hemipneumonectomy before receiving resection of the esophagus. During the intrathoracic operative procedure, high frequency ventilation was used, providing good surgical exposure and contributing to a decrease of postoperative pulmonary complications. There were no deaths during the month after surgery. The survival curve of these patients was not significantly different from that of other patients who had had esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus. These patients survived for an average of 24 months. The patient who survived the longest has been alive for more than 11 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

GABAergic inhibition on dopamine cells of the fish retina: a [3H]dopamine release study with isolated fractions.

Inner retinal cells including dopamine (DA) cells were isolated and fractionated from the carp (Cyprinus carpio) retina by an enzyme cell dissociation and metrizamide gradient centrifugation method. When gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists (bicuculline and picrotoxin) were added into the perfusate over such a cell fraction, they stimulated the release of [3H]DA which had been preloaded in the cell fraction. The action of GABA antagonists was dose and Ca2+ dependent. Their minimal effective concentration was very low (0.5 microM). A similar action was elicited by high K+. In the presence of excess GABA, this stimulatory action of GABA antagonists and high K+ on [3H]DA release was completely abolished. To interpret the action of GABA antagonists on DA cells, isolated cell fractions were preincubated with GABAse. After such a treatment, the stimulatory effects of GABA antagonists and high K+ on [3H]DA release were differentiated from each other; the former disappeared whereas the latter remained unchanged. The data strongly suggest that GABA inhibits the DA release from retinal DA cells and thus the GABA antagonists affect [3H]DA release from cell fractions not by a direct membrane action but by a disinhibition mechanism via GABA receptors on the DA cell bodies.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

Use of pulse oximetry for monitoring tracheostomy tube obstruction.

Experimental studies were performed on dogs for monitoring postoperative tracheostomy tube obstruction using a pulse oximeter. While a 25% obstruction of the cross-sectional area of the tube did not alter the oxygen saturation, obstruction of 40% and above resulted in a drop in the oxygen saturation level which corresponded to the degree of obstruction. The greater the degree of obstruction, the sooner was the fall of oxygen saturation. Therefore a pulse oximeter could be effectively put to use to monitor tracheostomy tube obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Detection of multidrug resistant phenotype in leukemia and lymphoma by monoclonal antibodies].

Two monoclonal antibodies, MRK16 and MRK20 that recognize P-glycoprotein and P-85 kd protein on the surface of adriamycin (ADM) resistant cells, respectively, were tested for the reactivity with 40 cultured leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. F(ab')2 form is essential to avoid false reaction through Fc gamma-R. Drug sensitivity of 19 representative cell lines were also examined in vitro. From this study, it was found that these cell lines were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 (4 cell lines) was insensitive to ADM, mitoxantron (MXT), etoposide (VP-16) and vincristine (VCR), and reactive to MRK16 and MRL20. Group II (1 cell line) was insensitive to the 4 drugs, but not reactive to both antibodies. Group III (3 cell lines) was insensitive to ADM, MXT and VP-16, but sensitive to VCR, and reactive to MRK20, but not to MRK16. Group IV (all other cell lines) was sensitive to these drugs, and not reactive to both antibodies. From these results, MRK16 detects P-glycoprotein-associated multidrug resistance (MDR), while MRK20 does P 85-kd-associated another type MDR (cross resistance to ADM, MXT and VP-16, but not to VCR). MRK20 reacted with monocytes, but MRK16 did not with any WBC type. One hundred and ninety eight clinical samples obtained from blood cancer were tested for the reactivity with MRK16. MRK16 did not react with any of 98 samples obtained before treatment, but did with 9 of 100 obtained at relapse or refractory stage after chemotherapy. The results indicate that MRK16 is useful to detect drug resistance phenotype of leukemia and lymphoma.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in neonates and low birth weight infants].

Ceftizoxime (CZX), one of the fifth group in cephem-antibiotics classified by Fujii, was administrated intravenously with a one shot dose of 20 mg/kg to neonates and low birth weight infants with ages ranged 4-21 day old and plasma and urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of the drug were determined. Clinical, prophylactic and bacteriological effects of CZX were evaluated and adverse reactions and effects on laboratory test values due to this drug were studied in 22 neonates and low birth weight infants (0-76 day old) consisting of 16 cases with various bacterial infections including presumptive cases of bacterial infections and 6 cases with prophylactic administration against infectious diseases. An average CZX daily dose of 55.3 mg/kg was given once or divided into 2-4 times daily (twice: 16 cases, 3 times: 3 cases, 4 times: 2 cases) through intravenous one shot administration for 6 days on the average. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Neonates and low birth weight infants were classified into 3 groups by age: 4-7, 8-14, 15-21 day old. Plasma peak levels of CZX were observed at an average of 5 minutes after administration in all 3 groups with mean values of 58.3, 74.9 and 76.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the 4-7 day old-group showed a lower value than with other 2 groups. Mean values of AUC were 218.9, 221.0 and 197.0 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, and no notable difference was observed within each group. Mean values of half-lives of CZX were 3.61, 2.72 and 2.37 hours, respectively, and the younger group tended to have the longer value. 2. Urinary concentrations of CZX ranged 10.9-1.190 micrograms/ml in all of the 3 groups during 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 hours after administration. Mean values of urinary recovery rates during 8 hours of the 3 age-groups were 60.1, 68.7, 56.7%, respectively. The oldest group showed the lowest mean value because one of the cases had the lowest value of 34.5% for an unknown reason. 3. Clinical effect of CZX in 16 cases with various bacterial infections and presumptive bacterial infections was evaluated with an efficacy rate of 87.5%. The prophylactic effect was recognized in all 6 cases that were given CZX to prevent infectious diseases. 4. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in only one case with an infection due to Escherichia coli, which was eradicated by the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical study on the effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer].

The effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer was evaluated on the basis of prognosis in 299 patients treated at the Kobe University Hospital and the Interhospital Cooperative Study Group for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Treatment of Pancreatic and Biliary Cancer. One hundred forty-three patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with a number of chemotherapeutic agents, while ninety-eight patients did not receive any chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The treated patients had a median survival time of 6 months and a one-year cumulative survival rate of 25.3%. These were significantly different compared with figures of 3 months and 9.5% for non-treated control patients. A chemotherapy regimen consisting of fluoropyrimidines was also confirmed to be effective. These results suggest that the chemotherapeutic approach appears quite promising and is effective for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

[Continuous infusion of anti-cancer drug with balloon infusors].

We evaluated the safety and stability of balloon infusors in which the distended elastomotor balloon acts as the energy source. Continuous intravenous administration of 5-fluorouracil with the infusor was carried out in nine patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers. In additional two patients, morphine hydrochloride was administered continuously in the vein or in the epidural space. The patients were carefully observed and hematological and biochemical examinations were performed. Infusion volume was calculated by measuring the weight of the infusor. The present study showed that this infusor was safe and easy to handle. However, the infusion velocity was slightly unstable, being influenced by the temperature of the infusor. This infusor was used even on an ambulatory basis. According to our results, we thought this infusor is quite useful to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup on Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the neonate and infant].

A dry syrup preparation for infants and children of a newly developed 16-membered macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin, was administered to 5 neonates and low birth weight infants of 6 to 25 days after births at a dose level of 10 mg/kg on an empty stomach then plasma drug levels were determined. The dry syrup preparation was also given to a total of 19 Chlamydia trachomatis infection cases of 7 days to 8 months old neonates, low birth weight infants and infants including 12 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of conjunctivitis and 5 non-symptomatic carriers at an average daily dose level of 48.1 mg/kg in 2 to 4 doses for an average of 19 days and its clinical effects, bacteriological effectiveness, side effects and effects on laboratory test values were examined. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Because the test subjects were neonates and premature infants, obtainable amounts of blood samples were limited, thus it was not possible to determine time courses of plasma drug levels to reach their peaks. Peak plasma levels, however, were speculated to be similar to those in children. Plasma half-lives of the drug were also not determinable, but they seemed to be somewhat longer than those in children. 2. Clinical efficacies were determinable in the 2 cases of conjunctivitis and 10 of the 12 cases of pneumonia, with excellent or good results in both cases of the former and with excellent or good results in 9 of the 10 determinable cases of the latter. Thus, the overall efficacy rate was high, 91.7%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies were determinable in 18 cases including non-symptomatic carriers. C. trachomatis was eradicated in 16 of the cases with an overall efficacy rate of 88.9%. 4. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases, which were suspected as side effects of the drug. 5. No abnormalities were observed in the laboratory test results. Judging from the above results, this drug appears to be useful for the treatment of C. trachomatis infections of neonates, low birth weight infants and infants.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in neonates and premature infants].

Following a one shot injection with ceftriaxone (CTRX) 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg into 23 neonates (1 to 24 days old) including premature infants, plasma levels of CTRX were measured up to 12 hours post-dose in some cases and up to 72 hours post-dose in others and also urinary levels and urinary recovery rates were determined up to 12 hours post-dose. Furthermore, clinical, bacteriological and infection-prophylactic effects of CTRX were evaluated by the intravenous administration with the mean dose of CTRX of 47.7 mg/kg once daily or half the dose twice daily for 9 days on the average into 46 infants (0 to 6 months old) including neonates and premature infants; i.e., 21 cases with actual or suspected bacterial infections for the evaluation of clinical and bacteriological effects and 25 without bacterial infection for the evaluation of prophylactic effects against bacterial infection. The safety of CTRX was evaluated in 53 cases including 7 which were omitted from the efficacy evaluation due to adverse reactions and also in some cases from clinical laboratory parameters. The following is a summary of the results obtained: 1. Following the administration with CTRX 10 mg/kg into each of the neonates 6, 12, 13 and 21 days old (the 21 old one was premature), plasma levels of CTRX in these subjects reached their peaks at 5 minutes post-dose at levels of 59.38, 53.13, 37.50 and 50.00 micrograms/ml, respectively. The peak levels were similar to each other with an exception of the rather low level in the 13 day-old neonate. The plasma half-life times of CTRX in these subjects were 9.762, 7.775, 7.330 and 8.149 hours, respectively: The younger the infant the longer the half-life tended to be except the premature cases. Similarly, the younger the infant the larger the AUC was except for the premature case with the AUC values of 511.169, 324.714, 236.346 and 326.825 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. The Vds were 0.709, 1.004, 1.316 and 0.696 liters, respectively, and the value for 13 day-old neonate was the largest. Urinary levels of CTRX reached between 42.00 and 298.30 micrograms/ml at some time within 12 hours post-dose in any cases. Urinary recovery rates in 12 hours post-dose were 79.98, 52.00, 56.82 and 60.14%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[VAMA salvage regimen (VP-16, ARA-C, MTX and L-asparaginase) in relapsed or resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

A new salvage treatment protocol consisting of VP-16, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate (MTX) and L-asparaginase, known as VAMA, was administered to twelve patients with relapsed or resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All twelve patients were in advanced stage with aggressive histologic type. Four of eight patients whose tumor cells had been immunologically determined, had T-cell phenotype. Three complete and five partial responses were obtained, for an overall response rate of 67%. It is of particular interest that all four patients with T-cell phenotype responded(CR; 3 cases, PR; 1 case), and a CR duration over 31 months has been achieved in a case of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Severe myelosuppression was the major toxic effect, but it was generally well-tolerated with supportive therapy. These results indicate that VAMA salvage regimen can play an important role in the treatment of relapsed or resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adult↗