Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shibata.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Elevated levels of type II soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with sarcoidosis.

Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to be involved in granuloma formation in sarcoidosis, and soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-Rs) inhibit TNF action in vivo, we evaluated the levels of sTNF-Rs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of 31 subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our group consisted of 13 patients with sarcoidosis (7 sarcoidosis patients who received no treatment and 6 who received corticosteroid therapy) and 18 control subjects (11 healthy nonsmokers and 7 asymptomatic smokers). Type II (75-kDa), but not type I (55 kDa) sTNF-R in BALF was elevated significantly in patients with sarcoidosis compared with the healthy nonsmokers (type I: 126.7 +/- 17.6 pg/ml BALF vs 79.4 +/- 16.5 pg/ml BALF, p > 0.05; type II: 98.3 +/- 27.8 pg/ml BALF vs 26.7 +/- 4.9 pg/ml BALF, p < 0.05). Although levels of type I sTNF-R in BALF from sarcoidosis patients were not correlated with any cellular profiles of BALF, concentrations of type II correlated significantly with the numbers of lymphocytes in BALF. We concluded that sTNF-R is a normal constituent of the epithelial lining fluids and that levels of type II sTNF-R are elevated significantly in the BALF from individuals with sarcoidosis. This suggests that sTNF-Rs may influence the local bioactivity of TNF and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1997

Patterns of intestinal motility recovery during the early stage following abdominal surgery: clinical and manometric study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of recovery of intestinal motility using manometric and clinical assessment in the postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery. We reviewed the charts of 18 patients who underwent partial colectomy for colon cancer (group A, without vagotomy) and compared them to those of 15 patients who underwent gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy and reconstruction by the Billroth I technique (group B, with vagotomy). A three-lumen catheter was inserted via the nose into the proximal jejunum for drainage of intestinal fluids and to record intestinal motility at laparotomy. The first appearance of a burst activity following a silent period and a migrating motor complex (MMC) was at 3.8 hours (mean) and 16.4 hours, respectively, in group A, and at 2.5 and 14.3 hours, respectively, in group B. The first audible bowel sounds and the time of feeling abdominal fullness and passage of flatus was at 34.8, 47.5, and 62.9 hours (group A), and at 43.0, 53.8, and 77.9 hours (group B), respectively. The peak volume of nasointestinal drainage was recorded at 16 to 24 hours in group A and 40 to 48 hours in group B (p < 0.05). As measured by manometric examination, an MMC reappeared within a few hours after surgery. Physiologic postoperative ileus was ended when MMCs extended throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with forwarding GI fluids.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1997

Expression and localization of annexin V and annexin VI during limb bud formation in the rat fetus.

We have investigated the expression and the localization of annexin V and annexin VI during the development of rat fetal limb buds by immunoblot and immunocytochemical analysis. Neither annexin V nor annexin VI was detectable in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in limb buds of the day-13-day-16 rat fetus. Skeletal muscles, whose progenitor cells migrate from the somites and appeared in the limb buds at day 14, dramatically expressed annexin VI on the cell surface after differentiation from mononucleated myogenic cells into multinucleated myotubes. At day 16 both annexin V and annexin VI were found to be expressed in differentiated chondrocytes as well as in the perichondrium, a precursor of chondrocytes, whereas the compact layer of mesenchymal cells surrounding a chondrification center (precartilage) did not show any immunoreactivity for either of these proteins. The results suggest a close relationship between the expression of these annexins and cell differentiation of chondrocytes and skeletal muscles during limb but development.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Specimen banking at National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.

The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Japan has had more than fifteen years practical experience in specimen banking. Stored specimens are used for the assessment of long-term trends of pollutants. The use of new analytical techniques facilitates the finding of the pollutants of the past.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1997

Emergency extracorporeal life support for patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus.

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was used to treat three patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus who did not respond to aggressive medical therapies and mechanical ventilation under controlled permissive hypercapnia. ECLS was instituted in patient 1 because PaCO2 was excessively high and pH was excessively low, in patient 2 because hypoxemia and shock were not responsive to treatment, and in patient 3 because of sustained severe hypotension. ECLS supported adequate gas exchange until pulmonary function improved, diminishing the need for mechanical ventilation and preventing pulmonary complications. Pulmonary dysfunction improved markedly after only 21 to 86 hours of ECLS. Aggressive medical treatments were continued during ECLS. Our findings indicate that ECLS is a useful method for preventing death in patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Investigation of the adducts formed by reaction of butenedioic acids with adenosine.

Several genotoxic butenedioic acids present in chlorine-disinfected drinking water were allowed to react with adenosine, guanosine, and cytidine in aqueous solution. HPLC analyses, with detection at 254 and 310 nm, showed that clearly detectable products were formed only in the reactions with adenosine. The major products from the reactions between either 2-chloro-3-methyl-2-butenedioic acid (ox-MCF) or 2-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-2-butenedioic acid (ox-CMCF) and adenosine were the same. This substance was isolated by C18 column chromatography and characterized by UV absorbance, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. It was identified as 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-7-carboxy-7-formyl-8-[9'-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) -N6- adenosinyl]-1,N6-ethanoadenosine (cf epsilon A,A). The yields of cf epsilon A,A in reactions performed at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C were 0.7% and 0.3% with ox-MCF and ox-CMCF, respectively.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical expression of SKALP/elafin in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.

In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of a new inducible elastase inhibitor, SKALP (skin-derived anti-leucoproteinase)/elafin, in the tissue of squamous cell carcinoma and uninvolved oesophageal mucosa was studied using a polyclonal rabbit anti-serum against SKALP/elafin. The results were compared with the immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the TUNEL assay in serial sections. In non-malignant oesophageal mucosa, the expression of SKALP/elafin was localized in the cells of the stratified zone overlying the PCNA-positive basal zone. In oesophageal cancer, the incidence of the expression was significantly related to the degree of the differentiation of the tumour. Characteristically, the expression was almost limited in tumour cell nests that had a clear squamous phenotype. In tumour cell nests, the expression of SKALP/elafin was localized in the cells overlying PCNA-expressing cells and no expression was found in the cells that expressed PCNA; DNA fragmentation was often observed in the same cell layers as those in which SKALP/elafin immunoreactivity was found. This enzyme inhibitor is speculated to be involved in the induction of the cell differentiation and apoptosis of human squamous cell carcinoma cells of the oesophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1997

Changes in the chorion and sperm entry into the micropyle during fertilization in the teleostean fish, Oryzias latipes.

Specific antibodies against the major chorionic glycoproteins (ZI1-2 and ZI3) of unfertilized eggs were used to analyze the differences in the chorion and its surrounding constituents before and after fertilization. The glycoproteins in the inner layers of the chorion and its surrounding material were specifically stained by both of the antibodies. Thirty and 60 min after activation, the thickness of the chorion's inner layers was already reduced and the micropylar canal was closed. At the same time, the broadly diluted mucous area (DMA) of glycoproteins on the outermost layer of the chorion in unfertilized eggs was modified to a thin, compact layer. When unfertilized eggs were treated with trypsin, the inner third portion of the micropylar canal closed and the glycoproteins in the DMA were digested. The incidence of sperm entry into the micropyle of these eggs was extremely reduced. These results suggest that in medaka eggs, the chorionic glycoproteins in the DMA on the chorion surface, which have an affinity for spermatozoa, play an important role in sperm guidance into the micropyle.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibody in early recurrent spontaneous abortion.

The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of autoimmune anticardiolipin antibody that can react with cardiolipin only in the presence of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibody) in the pathogenesis of early recurrent abortion. A total of 72 early recurrent spontaneous aborters and 175 normal healthy women were analysed for the occurrence of beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibody in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for the detection of beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibody. The incidence of beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibody in the early recurrent spontaneous aborters was essentially the same as that of normal women. Thus, the beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibody seemed to have little, if any, implication in the pathogenesis of early recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1997

Cerebral ischemic disorders and cerebral oxygen balance during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: preoperative evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging and angiography.

We compared the preoperative prevalence of small cerebral infarctions and carotid stenosis to jugular venous oxygen saturation (Sjvo2) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Sjvo2 served as an indicator of whether cerebral oxygen supply meets demand in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The study population consisted of 121 patients who were either older than 65 yr or had a history of cerebrovascular disease. The patients underwent preoperative cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cervical magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to detect small cerebral infarctions and carotid artery stenosis. Patients with atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta were identified by intraoperative epiaortic ultrasonography. Liberation of emboli from the aorta in these patients was prevented by modification of the standard operation. From preoperative MRI and MRA, 65 patients (54%) had small cerebral infarctions in the white matter or basal ganglia and nine patients (7%) demonstrated moderate or severe stenosis in the carotid arteries. Thirteen patients (11%) had moderate or severe atheromatous disease of the ascending aorta. The severity of aortic atherosclerosis was significantly correlated with the grade of carotid stenosis (P < 0.05). In patients with small infarctions, Sjvo2 was significantly lower than in patients without infarctions (controls) at initiation of CPB, 30 min after aortic cross-clamping, and during the rewarming period of CPB (P < 0.05). Thus, small cerebral infarctions were not uncommon in elderly patients undergoing CABG. Patients with small cerebral infarctions may be at risk for an imbalance in cerebral oxygen supply and demand during the rewarming period because they are unable to deliver the necessary compensatory blood flow.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Radial artery diameter decreases with increased femoral to radial arterial pressure gradient during cardiopulmonary bypass.

UNLABELLED: A clinically significant femoral to radial artery pressure gradient sometimes develops during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but the mechanism responsible is not clear. We investigated when the pressure gradient developed and what mechanism could be responsible by comparing mean femoral to mean radial artery pressure and radial artery diameter in 75 male patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. A pressure gradient > or =5 mm Hg (High-P) occurred in 38 patients, and the remaining 37 patients had pressure gradients <5 mm Hg (Low-P) at sternal closure. In High-P group, the pressure gradient was significantly greater (4.8 +/- 3.1 vs 1.0 +/- 3.1 mm Hg; P < 0.001) than in Low-P group, and the ratio of radial artery diameter to the diameter after induction of anesthesia was significantly decreased (0.79 +/- 0.12 vs 0.87 +/- 0.14; P = 0.006) at 5 min after aortic clamping. The pressure gradient and the arterial diameter changes persisted until sternal closure. There was a negative linear correlation between the pressure gradient (deltaP) and the radial artery diameter ratio (D) at sternal closure (D = -15.0deltaP + 16.6, r = 0.39, P < 0.001). In a subgroup of 11 High-P patients, palm temperature was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of 11 Low-P patients during and after CPB. We conclude that the femoral to radial artery pressure gradient develops by 5 min after aortic clamping during CPB and persists until sternal closure, and that radial artery constriction could be responsible for the pressure gradient. IMPLICATIONS: A femoral to radial pressure gradient has been observed after cardiopulmonary bypass. Arterial vasodilation and vasoconstriction have been considered as causes for this gradient. We measured radial artery diameter using pulsed Doppler ultrasound and examined radial artery vasodilation versus vasoconstriction as possible mechanisms for the pressure gradient.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Identification of HLA-C alleles using PCR-single-strand-conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing.

Alleles encoding HLA-C antigens in Japanese were identified by polymerase chain reaction followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and nucleotide sequencing analyses. The results showed that at least sixteen different alleles code for eight serologically detectable antigen groups and undetectable blanks. Cw1 was mainly encoded by Cw*0102, whereas two split antigens of Cw3, Cw9 and Cw10, were encoded by Cw*0303 and Cw*0304, respectively. Cw4 and Cw6 were encoded by Cw*0401 and Cw*0602, respectively. Seven alleles, Cw*0801, Cw*0803, Cw*1202, Cw*1203, Cw*1402, Cw*1403 and Cw*1502, were found to encode serological HLA-C "blanks" in Japanese. Moreover, errors in the published nucleotide sequences of Cw*0501 and Cw*1201 were corrected. Twenty-one HLA-C alleles were distinguished from each other by means of group-specific PCR amplification followed by the SSCP method developed in the present study. The system using genomic DNAs can be used effectively for identification of new HLA-C alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

A high-resolution genotyping method for HLA-C alleles and possible shared HLA-C-B haplotypes between Japanese and Caucasians.

A genotyping system for HLA-Cw alleles using methods of PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and PCR-sequence-specific primers (SSP) was developed. Genomic DNA from 167 random healthy Japanese individuals were investigated to determine HLA-C allele frequencies and their associations with HLA-A and -B loci. Nine alleles were frequently detected: Cw*0102 (18.3%), Cw*0304 (12.0%), Cw*1202 (11.4%), Cw*0303 (10.5%), Cw*1403 (10.5%), Cw*0801 (10.2%), Cw*0702 (9.0%), Cw*1402 (6.0%) and Cw*0401 (5.1%). Several HLA-C-B haplotypes such as Cw*0303-B62, Cw*0304-B60, Cw*0501-B44, Cw*0602-B13, Cw*0602-B37, Cw*0702-B7, Cw*1202-B52, Cw*1402-B51 and Cw*1502-B51 were found to be shared by Japanese and Caucasians. With the PCR-SSCP method we could detect differences in each exon of HLA-C alleles, at a low cost and simply. This method is suitable for sequence-level matching with a relatively small number of samples.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Latent infection with Epstein-Barr virus in odontogenic disorders: comparison among ameloblastoma, dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst.

In order to investigate the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection and histogenesis of odontogenic disorders, in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) was applied to the paraffin sections of ameloblastoma, dentigerous cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst. Eight cases (15%) of 53 ameloblastomas showed scattered signals for EBER in the parenchymal cells, whereas no reaction of EBER transcript was observed in the non-neoplastic cystic lesions. In the ameloblastoma, the follicular and plexiform types revealed the signals in the nuclei, but cystic, acanthomatous, granular, and basal cell types exhibited no reaction with EBER. The distribution of the signals without monoclonarity indicated that ameloblastoma cells may exclude EBV genomes or inactivate EBER-encoded genes. The results suggested that EBV participates as one of the transforming factors in the occurrence of ameloblastoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Nitrogen dioxide production in a nitric oxide inhalation system using the Servo Ventilator 900C.

During nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy, toxicity may be produced by the reactive metabolite nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The purpose of the present study was to determine the NO2 concentration in a NO inhalation system used for respiratory failure in children at relatively low concentrations of NO (< 20 ppm). The production of NO2 in the NO inhalation system using the Servo Ventilator 900C connected to the test lung under each of 30 combinations of NO concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 19 ppm) and inspired oxygen (O2) concentrations (21, 40, 60, 80, and 100%). Pressure controlled ventilation was used with a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min. NO and NO2 measurements were obtained on the inspiratory side of the Y-piece connected to the test lung. At a given NO level, increases in the concentration of inspired O2 resulted in increases in the concentration of NO2 produced, as did increases in the amount of NO at a given concentration of O2. The mean NO concentration at the inspiratory site of the Y-piece did not exceed 0.05 ppm (the limit of NO2 as an outdoor air pollutant in the United States) when the NO concentration did not exceed 8 ppm, regardless of the O2 concentration. NO inhalation therapy for children with severe respiratory failure using the Servo Ventilator 900C can be performed safely when the concentration of NO does not exceed 8 ppm.

Nitric Oxide↗
PubMed1997

The safety of a nitric oxide inhalation system with high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Nitric oxide (NO) inhalation and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been indicated in infants with severe respiratory failure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety of an NO inhalation system with HFOV in terms of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) production. The NO inhalation system consisted of a high frequency oscillatory ventilator, a neonatal circuit and a test lung. The NO concentration was changed from 0 to 19 p.p.m. At each level of NO, the oxygen (O2) concentration was changed from 21 to 100%. The NO and NO2 concentrations were measured with a chemiluminescence analyzer using a molybdenum converter. The NO2 concentration was increased when either the O2 or the NO concentration was increased. The interposition of the endotracheal tubes increased NO2 concentrations at 4 p.p.m. NO. The high stroke volume and high mean airway pressure produced a significant increase in NO2 production at 4 p.p.m. NO. The increase in NO2 production was prevented by placing a one-way valve at the joint of the NO gas line to the inspired limb. It was concluded that the NO inhalation system with HFOV can be safely used when a one-way valve is placed at the joint of the NO gas line to the inspired limb and when inhaled NO is at a relatively low concentration.

Equipment Design↗