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Biomedical subjects

Y Shapira

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shapira.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Orthodontics as an aid in adult restorative dentistry.

The important role of orthodontics and its contribution to the success of prosthetic dentistry in the adult patient is discussed. Cases undergoing restorative dental procedures, where preliminary minor tooth movement was necessary, are presented. Orthodontic treatment was limited in these cases to local malpositions and to the movement of individual teeth with simple appliances.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Myosin degeneration in a congenital myopathy.

In a muscle biopsy specimen from a baby girl with hypotonia, there was the ultrastructural finding of selective myosin degeneration in some myofibers. The sarcomeres were either well aligned or completely distorted. Excessive glycogen, fiber and fibril splitting, and occasional aggregates of vesicles were the other abnormalities present.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Common ECG changes in athletes.

The various ECG changes found in a group of 3,000 healthy athletes are discussed on the basis of eight representative ECG recordings. The common findings were sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left and right ventricular hypertrophy according to the accepted voltage criteria, right axis deviation, intraventricular conduction disturbances (mainly in the right side of the heart), and various disturbances of the repolarization phase. The literature on this subject is reviewed, and the possible mechanisms involved in production of the various ECG changes are discussed. It is pointed out that in the absence of other evidence suggestive of cardiovascular disease, these changes should be considered as a normal variant and not lead to restriction of physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Relations between birth weight and learning ability in young rabbits.

Performance on visual discrimination learning was studied in 41 rabbit pups mainly in relation to their birth weight, but also as functions of their neonatal motor development and weight gain between birth and training time. Partial placental vascular ligation was performed on some fetuses to increase the number of small-for-gestational-age pups. No relation was found between learning ability and either birth weight or rate of motor development. Low birth weight showed some association with slightly delayed motor development, but resulted in no lasting motor handicap. Between two subgroups of low birth weight pups, those who showed substantial weight gain by training time learned faster than those who remained relatively small.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Automatic operant response procedure ('play-test') for the study of auditory perception of neurologically impaired infants.

Ten babies with cerebral palsy of varying types and degrees (age-range 10 to 27 months) participated in an initial exploratory study designed to determine the effectiveness of an automated, two-choice audio feedback system (Playtest') for evaluation of the auditory perception and processing capabilities of neurologically impaired infants. The major components of the 'Playtest' are a master control unit and two toy-like switches which are attached to the baby's crib. By playing with the 'toys', the baby is able to listen to one of two pre-recorded audio stimuli, music or a monotone hum. Frequency and duration of the baby's self-selected listening responses are automatically recorded on meters inside the control unit and provide a precise numerical record over an extended period of time. In this study the handicapped infants were physically able to operate the apparatus and demonstrated highly significant preferential listening. Comparison of the recorded data from the study infants with those from normal infants showed no significant difference between the performances of the two groups. The findings suggest that the 'Playtest' technique could be successfully applied to the objective assessment of auditory perception and processing abilities of neurologically impaired infants, whose handicaps often prevent them from effectively participating in other standardised test procedures. The principal advantages of the technique are that testing is done in the child's most familiar environment--his own crib at home--without the intrusion of other people, and the evaluation of hearing competence is a function of the baby's spontaneous self-selected responses to sound variables, and hence of his auditory discrimination.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1975

Familial poliodystrophy, mitochondrial myopathy, and lactate acidemia.

In two siblings with limb-girdle muscle weakness and episodic headaches and vomiting from early childhood, progressive neurologic degeneration later developed, and both children died. In one child, corticosteroids induced improvement in both cerebral and muscular symptoms that lasted 1 year. This patient had elevated blood, urine, and spinal fluid lactate levels, together with increased cardiac output and oxygen consumption at rest. Several muscle fibers were characterized by a "ragged red" appearance with the trichrome stain. Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar excess of mitochondrial oxidative enzyme reaction product was correlated with abnormal mitochondrial aggregates by electron microscopy. The brain revealed focal areas of cortical degeneration and necrosis with adjacent gliosis or edema. Ferrocalcific deposits were prominent in the globus pallidus. The other sibling had similar changes in the brain at autopsy. This familial multisystem disorder especially involving the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart appears to represent a defect in some mitochondrial oxidative mechanism.

Adolescent↗