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Biomedical subjects

Y Setoguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Setoguchi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Structural change of a particular H2B histone gene possibly results in differences in its transcriptional regulation in different chicken tissues.

The chicken H2B histone gene family consists of eight highly homologous members (H2B-I to H2B-VIII) belonging to two major histone gene clusters. Seven of these genes have been sequenced and shown to encode three different H2B protein variants. Northern analysis with a probe, which mainly consists of the 5'-flanking region containing the sequence for the mRNA leader of H2B-V encoding a particular H2B protein variant, revealed that the mRNA level transcribed from this particular gene was higher in the kidney than in the oviduct and lung. To elucidate whether the structure of the H2B gene differs in the three different tissues, we analyzed DNAs from the oviduct, lung, and kidney. On Southern analysis, various H2B gene-specific probes hybridized with two particular H2B genes (H2B-IV and H2B-V), which are located in close proximity within a 12 kb EcoRI fragment, from the oviduct and lung with an intensity of about one quarter of that from the kidney. These findings suggest that some difference of DNA structure of the H2B-V gene may result in its relatively higher expression in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Screening for behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies.

Children with chronic physical handicaps have been found to be at risk for psychological and social adjustment problems. Accurately identifying in a timely manner those physically handicapped children who are functioning at clinically significant levels of maladjustment may aid in preventing further psychosocial morbidity. The parents of 111 children and adolescents with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies completed the Child Behavior Checklist as a screening instrument to facilitate the identification of behavioral and emotional problems and social incompetence. Based on normalized T scores, the children manifested significantly greater behavioral and emotional problems and lower social competence than the normative community sample. Twenty-three percent of the children were reported to function in the clinically significant maladjustment range for behavioral and emotional problems; 14% were reported in the social maladjustment range. Correlations between parent report and child, adolescent, and teacher reports of adjustment ranged from r values of .23 to .41. The findings are discussed in terms of the "new hidden morbidity" in pediatric practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adjustment and perceived social support in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies.

The negative impact on psychological adjustment from the chronic strain of living with limb deficiencies appears to be mediated by perceived social support. A multifactorial investigation was conducted to identify empirically psychological adjustment correlates of perceived social support in 49 children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. A multiplicity of adjustment factors (depression, trait anxiety, self-esteem) was variously related to perceived parent, teacher, classmate, and friend social support. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses provide initial evidence of the potentially powerful effects of the social environment of the school setting, with perceived classmate social support the only significant predictor variable across depressive symptomatology, trait anxiety, and general self-esteem. The results are discussed as the first step in identifying the potential correlates of multiple perceived social support domains, which may provide empirical guidance for future intervention studies designed to modify adjustment factors in chronically ill and handicapped children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Overlap and discrepancy between tests for anti-C100, anti-GOR and anti-CP9 in patients with chronic liver disease and inhabitants in Saga, Japan.

The authors evaluated the clinical significance of anti-C100, anti-GOR and anti-CP9 in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease in two populations: 459 healthy subjects and 385 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Previously we reported high rates of mortality and morbidity (5.3%) of CLD in subjects in Saga, Japan. This was ascribed to the high prevalence (10.8%) of anti-HCV among randomized populations, as detected by the C100 ELISA test system, as compared with a finding of 2-3% in Japanese blood donors in the same decade. The incidence of anti-C100, anti-GOR and anti-CP9 detected by ELISA test system in the healthy population currently surveyed was 17.0%, 19.2% and 32.0% respectively, as compared with 75.3%, 60.3% and 73.0% respectively, in those with CLD. The incidence of positivity for at least one of the three antibodies was high (36.4%) among healthy subjects, and even higher (86.5%) among the patients with CLD. In the healthy subjects, incidence of positivity increased with age. The healthy and CLD populations differed in the proportion of cases positive for all three antibodies vs. those positive for at least one antibody: healthy subjects, 52/167, 31.1%, vs. CLD patients, 197/333, 59.2%; P less than 0.01. Among the anti-C100-positive healthy cases, these was a significantly high level of AST, ALT, ZTT and gamma GTP compared with negative cases, with or without anti-GOR and anti-CP9 (P less than 0.01-0.05). These observations suggest that the presence of anti-C100 may be related to the active state of HCV-related liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer and expression in normal rat liver.

Replication deficient, recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors do not require target cell replication for transfer and expression of exogenous genes and thus may be useful for in vivo gene therapy in hepatocytes. In vitro, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes infected with a recombinant Ad containing a human alpha 1-antitrypsin cDNA (Ad-alpha 1AT) synthesized and secreted human alpha 1AT for 4 weeks. In rats, in vivo intraportal administration of a recombinant Ad containing the E. coli lacZ gene, was followed by expression of beta-galactosidase in hepatocytes 3 days after infection. Intraportal infusion of Ad-alpha 1AT produced detectable serum levels of human alpha 1AT for 4 weeks. Thus, targeted gene expression has been achieved in the liver, albeit at low levels, suggesting that adenovirus vectors may be a useful means for in vivo gene therapy in liver disorders.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1991

Albumin mRNA expression in human liver diseases and its correlation to serum albumin concentration.

The expression of albumin mRNA in human liver samples was investigated in order to understand the molecular mechanism of albumin gene expression in various liver diseases. Albumin mRNA in acute hepatic failure and decompensated liver cirrhosis was reduced significantly compared to normal control liver (P less than 0.05). Serum albumin concentration is closely correlated with albumin mRNA content (r = 0.895, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that albumin concentration is mainly regulated at albumin mRNA level in the liver despite the presence of other regulatory mechanisms and that expression of albumin mRNA level is correlated with disease severity. But in several cases there was a discrepancy between albumin mRNA level and severity of liver disease, so further investigation of the regulatory factors of albumin gene expression should be performed.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of chronic liver diseases and anti-HCV antibodies in different districts of Saga, Japan.

The authors examined the contribution of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) to the morbidity of chronic liver diseases (CLD) in selected districts of Saga, Japan, one group with low (L) and the other with a high (H) mortality rate of CLD. Age and sex-matched epidemiological studies showed an extremely high morbidity of CLD in the H-district (5.3%) and a low one in the L-districts (2.1%). Randomized selected studies of anti-HCV antibodies showed an extremely high frequency of 10.8% in the H-district and a frequency of 4.6% in the L-district. In addition, the number of subjects with both CLD and positive anti-HCV antibodies was significantly higher in subjects older than the fifth decade, in the H-district. The high prevalence of HCV may be related to the high morbidity and mortality rate of CLD in these districts of Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Detection of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-related antibodies in patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare form of interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the interstitium, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. We studied six patients with LIP to investigate the immunologic characteristics of lymphocytes in the lower respiratory tract and the possible involvement of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), which is endemic in the southwestern region of Japan. Lymphocyte surface antigen phenotyping in peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells revealed a predominance of CD8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes (PB: 51.5 +/- 0.8%; BALF: 52.9 +/- 12.7%), which consisted of an increased number of CD8 positive CD11 negative (cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes (PB: 30.2 +/- 10.5%; BALF: 57.1 +/- 11.8%). The increased number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes among patients with LIP led us to investigate the possible involvement of HTLV-I, EB virus, and HIV in patients with chronic interstitial disorders of LIP, sarcoidosis, and IPF. The seropositivity rate for HTLV-I was 83.7% (5/6) in patients with LIP, 3.1% (1/28) with IPF, 7.1% (2/28) with sarcoidosis, and 0% (0/28) in healthy volunteers. None of the patients were seropositive for either HIV or EB virus. These results suggest that HTLV-I may be involved in a direct or indirect role in the pathologic mechanisms through the host immune reaction to the antigenicity of the virus and/or the possible involvement of viral regulatory genes to disrupt the normal immune reaction of the host.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1991

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in sera of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Interleukin-2 receptor, the complex of IL-2R-alpha and/or IL-2R-beta, is expressed mainly on T-lymphocytes, and the soluble form of IL-2R-alpha (sIL-2R-alpha) has been reported to be detected in the serum of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or disease characterized by the cellular immune reaction. We measured serum sIL-2R-alpha levels among patients with pulmonary diseases and found that sIL-2R-alpha levels were significantly elevated in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (1,327 +/- 209 U/ml) and sarcoidosis (1,037 +/- 115 U/ml) when compared with healthy volunteers (468 +/- 49 U/ml, p less than 0.01). Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the sIL-2R-alpha levels were high in sera from patients with extensive parenchymal lesions on the roentgenogram (2,745 +/- 705 U/ml) and patients with tuberculous pleurisy (2,111 +/- 679 U/ml). In contrast, the sIL-2R-alpha levels in tuberculous patients with minimal lesion (455 +/- 92 U/ml) or moderate lesion (1,082 +/- 189 U/ml) were not significantly elevated when compared with healthy volunteers. After the treatment with antituberculosis agents, serum sIL-2R-alpha levels decreased in accordance with improvement of roentgenographic findings and laboratory data. These results suggest that serum sIL-2R-alpha level may be useful as a monitor for the disease activity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The management of the limb deficient child and its family.

The team approach is considered the optimal to the care of the limb deficient child. A coordinated programme utilising the expertise of experienced personnel and taking into consideration the developmental needs of the child will allow the child to grow and function as normally as possible. The goal of the team is to assist the patient to become a productive, self-sufficient member of society.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Effects of stress, social support, and self-esteem on depression in children with limb deficiencies.

Limb deficiencies in children are the result of trauma, disease, or congenital causes. The potentially negative impact on psychologic adjustment from the chronic strain of living with limb deficiencies appears to be mediated by perceived social support (interpersonal protective factor), microstressors and daily hassles (socioenvironmental risk factor), and self-esteem (intrapersonal protective factor). These risk and protective factors were simultaneously investigated as potential predictors of depressive symptomatology in 54 children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the main effects and the interaction effects of the predictor variables on depressive symptomatology. None of the interaction terms were statistically significant. An overall simultaneous multiple regression analysis of the main effects model predicted 72% of the variance in depressive symptomatology, with perceived classmate social support emerging as the strongest predictor variable. The findings are discussed in terms of the risk and protective effects of mediating factors on the psychologic and social adaptation of chronically ill and handicapped children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Correlates of perceived physical appearance in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies.

Social support, daily hassles, marital discord, competence/adequacy, and psychological adjustment were investigated as hypothesized correlates of perceived physical appearance in 51 children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. Higher classmate, parent, and teacher social support were statistically predictive of higher perceived physical appearance. Higher daily hassles and marital discord were statistically predictive of lower perceived physical appearance. Higher peer acceptance, scholastic competence, and athletic competence were statistically predictive of higher perceived physical appearance. As a group, classmate, parent, and teacher social support, daily hassles, maternal and paternal perceived marital discord, peer acceptance, scholastic and athletic competence accounted for 78% of the variance in perceived physical appearance. Higher perceived physical appearance was in turn statistically predictive of lower depressive and anxious symptoms and higher general self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the potentially modifiable predictors of perceived physical appearance and in terms of the role cosmetic differences play in psychological and social adaptation in children with visible physical handicaps.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

New combined therapy of niceritrol and probucol on heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Seventeen patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia were sequentially treated with: a low cholesterol, fat restricted diet; diet and probucol (500 mg/day); and diet, probucol and niceritrol (1500 mg/day). Concentrations of plasma cholesterol decreased from 348 + 49 mg/dl on diet alone to 304 + 32 mg/dl, to 256 + 30 mg/dl on diet and probucol, and fell to 212 + 41 mg/dl on the combined regimen with niceritrol. Concentrations of LDL-cholesterol declined 13% on diet, and 26% on diet and probucol; the subsequent addition of niceritrol resulted in a 42% fall from the baseline. Plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B fell 37% on the combined regimen with niceritrol. As a result, normal levels of cholesterol (less than 230 mg) were achieved in thirteen subjects treated with this new combination therapy. Moreover, atherogenic index improved with the addition of niceritrol. These results suggest even a small dose of niceritrol affords opportunity to maintain normal lipid profile in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia when given in combination with probucol.

Adult↗