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Biomedical subjects

Y Segawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Segawa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Double cancer in small cell lung cancer patients treated with intensive chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy].

Development of double cancer was evaluated in 311 small cell lung cancer patients who had received intensive chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Of those, 10 patients (3.2%) developed a second malignancy:stomach cancer in four, non-small cell lung cancer in three, acute myelogenous leukemia in two, and liver cancer in one. The cumulative risk for the development of double cancer was 1.0% at 1-year, 17.0% at 3-years, and 100% at 8.1 years. The relative risk for the development of double cancer calculated by person-year method utilizing age and sex adjusted cancer incidence in Japan was 2.96-fold (p less than 0.01). The risk of non-small cell lung cancer (6.65-fold) and acute myelogenous leukemia (54.9-fold) was particularly high. Of 21 patients who survived disease-free for more than 2 years, 8 patients died; four patients (50%) died of second malignancy, two died of infectious disease, and only two patients died from recurrent small cell lung cancer. These results indicate that a cautious follow-up program for the detection of double cancer is indicated in patients surviving small cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A statistical analysis of serum sialyl Lewis X-1 (SLX), CEA, SCC and NSE levels in patients with lung cancer].

Serum SLX, CEA, SCC and NSE levels were serially measured in 266 patients with lung cancer and compared with those in 345 patients with benign respiratory disorders (BRD). The positive rate for CEA in lung cancer (44.4%) and the false-positive rate in BRD (15.3%) were the highest among the 4 markers. The positive rate for SLX in lung cancer (32.0%) was lower than that of CEA, while the false-positive rate for SLX in BRD (7.2%) was lower than that of CEA. The positive rate for SLX was highest in adenocarcinoma and correlated better with the clinical stages than did CEA. SCC and NSE were specifically elevated in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Using these 4 markers, only 70.2% of patients were correctly diagnosed as having lung cancer or BRD. In monitoring treatment effect, only SLX showed a statistically significant correlation with regression and progression in adenocarcinoma, while NSE and SLX showed such a correlation in small cell carcinoma. Serum tumor markers seem to be less sensitive for the diagnosis of lung cancer than chest X-ray and sputum cytology, indicating that a search for more specific markers is still required. However, in monitoring treatment effect, SLX appeared to be suitable for adenocarcinoma, while NSE and SLX seemed to be useful in small cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Effects of the new anti-ulcer drug nizatidine on prostaglandins in the rat gastric mucosa.

The effects of nizatidine (N-[2-[[[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]- 4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine , CAS 76963-41-2), a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on the content of prostaglandins (PGs) in the rat gastric mucosa at doses that inhibit basal gastric acid secretion were compared with those of two other histamine H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine. Nizatidine did not inhibit basal gastric acid secretion at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg but showed dose-dependent inhibition at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg. This drug had no effects on the content of PG in the gastric mucosa when subcutaneously administered at doses of 0.4, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. Cimetidine and ranitidine administered at doses that markedly inhibit basal gastric acid secretion (250 and 100 mg/kg/d, respectively) had no effects on the content of PG in the gastric mucosa. On the other hand, nizatidine, cimetidine, or ranitidine at concentrations of 1-100 mumols/l did not inhibit in vitro PGE2 synthesis using sheep seminal vesicle microsomes. These results suggest that nizatidine did not affect in vitro PGE2 synthesis and even doses that markedly inhibit gastric acid secretion had no effects on the content of PGs in the gastric mucosa.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

Effects of successive doses of nizatidine, cimetidine and ranitidine on serum gastrin level and gastric acid secretion.

Nizatidine (N-[2-[[[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]- 4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine , CAS 76963-41-2) is a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist which shows suppression of gastric acid secretion and antiulcer activity. In the present experiment, the effects of single s.c. administration of nizatidine, cimetidine and ranitidine on serum gastrin levels were studied in fasted rats. Nizatidine at 100 mg/kg increased serum gastrin level 3 h after administration, which however, returned to basal level 6 h after administration. Cimetidine and ranitidine at respective doses of 250 and 100 mg/kg markedly increased serum gastrin levels 3 and 6 h after administration. In a previous study, the suppressive effect of nizatidine on basal gastric acid secretion was 82.8% at a dose of 100 mg/kg s.c. in rat pylrus-ligated model. On the basis of these findings, changes in basal gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin level after withdrawal of nizatidine, cimetidine and ranitidine administered for 14 consecutive days were studied. One day after withdrawal, nizatidine at 100 mg/kg showed a tendency to increase the basal gastric acid secretion. However, 3 and 7 days after administration, almost no changes were obtained. Cimetidine at 250 mg/kg showed a tendency to increase the basal gastric acid secretion 7 days after withdrawal of the drug. Ranitidine at 100 mg/kg induced no changes in basal gastric acid secretion after withdrawal. No obvious influences of all drugs on serum gastrin level after withdrawals were obtained. These results indicate that consecutive administration of nizatidine may cause only a transient increase of gastric acid secretion but no hypergastrinaemia after its withdrawal.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Recording system for the scotopic threshold response].

The scotopic threshold response (STR) is a newly investigated component of the electroretinogram. Since the STR reflects post-photoreceptoral processing in the retina at intensities near absolute threshold, the STR would be a useful index to evaluate the rod pathway in the proximal retina. A conventional ERG setup, however, involves difficulties in STR recording. Therefore we constructed a new recording system for the purpose. The characteristics of the apparatus are as follows: 1) A diffusing sphere provides full-field stimuli ranging from a very dim light near absolute threshold to a very bright light. 2) A remote-control system for changing filters is used to avoid breakdown of the dark-adapted status. 3) A software artifact rejection routine is used to exclude responses influenced by eye movements and blinks. Using the apparatus we have examined the human STR and generally confirmed the previous findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bifurcation of P9 far-field potentials induced by changes in the shoulder position.

Somatosensory evoked potentials to stimulation of the left median nerve were recorded from normal adults with reference to the right knee in the usual shoulder position and in an elevated shoulder position. A single peak of the P9 potentials in the former position bifurcated into two peaks in the latter position without changing the onset latency. This waveform change can be accounted for by changes in the resistance of the volume conductor around the nerve trunk.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Volume conduction of the parietal N20 potential to the prerolandic frontal area.

Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded from the frontal and parietal areas in patients with various lesions in the central nervous system on stimulation of the median nerve. Five representative cases who showed a selective loss of the positive potential from the frontal area are reported. In each case, the parietal N20 potential was relatively well preserved, and the midposition between the frontal and central areas (FC area) showed a negative potential following P14. The peak of this negative potential was synchronous with that of the parietal N20 potential. This negativity on the FC area is considered to be a volume conducted potential from the parietal N20 to the prerolandic frontal area. Such an anterior volume conduction of the parietal N20 would not be explained by the concept of a tangentially oriented dipole generated in the posterior bank of the central sulcus. Instead, for the generator of the parietal N20 potential, a radically oriented dipole generated mainly in the parietal area is postulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term survivors of non-small cell lung cancer treated with non-surgical therapeutic modalities].

Of 225 patients with a non-small cell lung cancer treated with non-surgical therapeutic modalities, 21 patients (9.3%) survived for two years and more. The performance status and weight loss were important prognostic factors. There was no relation between response to treatment and long-term survival in patients with an adenocarcinoma. All two-year survivors with a squamous cell carcinoma achieved a complete response or a partial response with non-surgical treatment. It is considered that improving response rate with a combined non-surgical modality treatment, including a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is important to obtain a long-term survival for those with a non-small cell lung cancer, excepting those determined to have an adenocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Phase II study of ifosfamide and vindesine combination of non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients and patients with reduced renal function].

A pilot phase II study of a ifosfamide and vindesine combination of non-small cell lung cancer was conducted in the elderly patients and patients with reduced renal function. The combination consisted of ifosfamide, 2.3 g/m2, on day 1 through 3, and vindesine, 3 mg/m2, on day 1 and 8. Cycles were repeated at 4-week intervals. The dose of ifosfamide and vindesine was reduced in the elderly. Of 24 evaluable patients, one had a complete response and 8 had partial response, with an overall response rate of 37.5%. The projected median response duration was 6.8 months and the median survival for all patients was 15.1 months. The toxicity was tolerable with moderate myelosuppression. These results indicate that this combination chemotherapy is safe and effective for non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly patients and patients with reduced renal function and warrants further clinical trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma related antigen and neuron-specific enolase in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with peripheral lung cancer].

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma related antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured in 30 patients with peripheral lung cancer, 11 patients with benign lung disease and 19 healthy controls. The mean levels and positive rates of lavaged fluid CEA were 128.0 +/- 16.9 ng/mg and 33.3% in patients with lung cancer, 68.1 +/- 25.9 ng/mg and 9.1% in patients with benign lung disease, and 68.3 +/- 11.6 ng/mg and 5.2% in healthy controls, respectively. The mean levels and positive rates of lavaged fluid CEA in patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign lung disease (p less than 0.05) and those in healthy controls (p less than 0.05). The mean levels of lavaged fluid SCC and NSE showed no significant difference between cases of lung cancer and benign lung disease or healthy controls. No lavaged tumor marker level in patients with lung cancer showed any close correlation with histologic types and serum levels. In conclusion, measurement of lavaged fluid CEA was considered to be useful in the differential diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Electro-ophthalmological analysis of Behçet's disease].

Six patients with complete type Behçet's disease were studied electro-retinographically and electro-oculographically. The electrical responses tested include the hyperosmolarity response in the EOG, the oscillatory potentials and the rapid off-response in the ERG. The oscillatory potentials diminished in five eyes of four cases. In all except one of these eyes the rapid off-response and the hyperosmolarity response were within normal ranges. The hyperosmolarity response was suppressed in one eye which suffered from severe diffuse uveitis and iridocyclitis accompanied with hypopyon. The a-wave, the b-wave, the oscillatory potentials and the rapid off-response were also abnormal in this eye. The hyperosmolarity response was abnormal in an eye with severe ocular lesions of Behçet's disease, while the oscillatory potentials were frequently abnormal even in the earlier stages of the disease. The hyperosmolarity response originates in the retinal pigment epithelial layer. The oscillatory potentials originate in the inner retinal layer. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the initial retinal lesions take place in the inner retinal layer in Behçet's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Syrinx-like artifact on MR images of the spinal cord].

We evaluated the syrinx like artifact on midline sagittal MR images of cervical spine. This artifact appeared as linear regions of low intensity along the length of the spinal cord. This artifact was frequently seen. And, when it appear as a single midline band, it mimics pathological conditions such as a syrinx. We found that this artifact eliminated by increasing the number of phase encoding steps, or decreasing the field of view. These method were useful for differentiation of artifact from syrinx.

Cervical Vertebrae↗