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Biomedical subjects

Y Sawae

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sawae.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Protective effect of recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in leukocytopenic mice.

The effects of recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in ICR mice were investigated. Mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and were then injected intraperitoneally with rmGM-CSF three times daily, beginning on the day after CPA treatment, for 7 days. The number of peripheral blood leukocytes in both CPA- and rmGM-CSF-treated mice and control CPA-treated mice reached a nadir on day 4, when P. aeruginosa was injected intraperitoneally. The administration of rmGM-CSF significantly increased the proportion of survivors among mice infected with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. This effect was further analyzed by monitoring sequential changes in leukocyte count and bacterial growth in various organs. The number of bacteria in the peritoneal cavities, peripheral blood samples, and livers of GM-CSF-treated mice decreased to an undetectable level after a transient increase, and the number was significantly lower than that in control mice. In GM-CSF-treated mice, the neutrophil levels in peripheral blood started to increase 5 days after CPA administration and were consistently higher than those in controls. Furthermore, the neutrophils in GM-CSF-treated mice were more mature morphologically. Thus, the prophylactic effect of rmGM-CSF against P. aeruginosa infection may result from a rapid recovery of myelopoiesis and a partial enhancement of mature neutrophil function.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of vaccination against systemic Serratia infection.

Host defense against Serratia marcescens in experimental infection in mice was enhanced by vaccination with formalin-killed bacteria of the same strain. The enhancement appeared within 24 hr after vaccination, reached a peak seven days later and lasted four weeks. The enhanced resistance to Serratia infection was also observed in the early phase (within seven days) after vaccination with killed Escherichia coli or other Gram-negative strains, but the efficacy on Day 7 was inferior to that with killed S. marcescens. Phagocytic activities of both circulating neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages were measured by the chemiluminescence (CL) response, and the activity of tissue macrophages was evaluated by the carbon clearance test. The activities were significantly elevated in the early phase, that is, within two or three days for neutrophils, seven days for peritoneal macrophages and at least 14 days for tissue macrophages, after vaccination with killed Gram-negative bacteria. These results suggest that the enhancement of host defense in the early phase is dependent on phagocytic functions that are non-specifically activated by dead bacteria. In the late phase after vaccination, specific immunity might have been involved in the defense mechanism. However, transfer of high titer specific antiserum, in itself, did not render mice resistant to Serratia infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Tri-disk method].

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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Laboratory and clinical study of intravenous miconazole].

Laboratory and clinical study was carried out on miconazole (MCZ), a new synthetic imidazole. The antifungal activity of MCZ was studied and expressed as MICs for clinical isolates. The drug proved to have the highest activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with MICs of no more than 0.16 micrograms/ml for all isolates of this species. MICs of Torulopsis glabrata were 0.08-5 micrograms/ml for all isolates and those of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were 5-20 micrograms/ml for more than 90% of the isolates. Most of other strains were less than 10 micrograms/ml. When 3 healthy adult men were administered each with 200 mg of MCZ by intravenous drip infusion for 1.25 hours, the mean serum MCZ concentration was 1.39 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion, then decreased rapidly to 0.49 microgram/ml in following 30 minutes, and then decreased gradually to 0.17 microgram/ml 6 hours later. The mean cumulative urinary excretion rate of the drug was as low as 3.0% at this stage. A total of 25 patients with ages of 30-78 years, comprising 17 men and 8 women, were treated with 200-1,800 mg of MCZ daily for 3-93 days. The clinical effectiveness was ascertained in 19 cases among the patients; 9 cases with candidiasis, 3 with cryptococcosis and 7 with aspergillosis. Clinical responses were excellent in 2, good in 9 and poor in 8 cases, and its efficacy rates was 58%. The efficacy rate of the combination therapy with other antifungal agents was 60% in comparison with 57% of MCZ alone. Adverse reactions to the drug such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia were observed in 3 cases (12%). Abnormal changes in laboratory parameters were also observed: 3 patients with elevations of GOT and GPT, and another with eosinophilia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Current diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

An analysis was made of 91 cases of infective endocarditis (IE) with regard to causative organisms and their sensitivities to various antibiotics, the clinical features of the disease, the laboratory test results and other items were important in establishing a diagnosis of IE. The number of cases of IE has shown a tendency to increase in recent years, particularly in the number of elderly patients, and the ratio of total cases consisting of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) has shown a sharp increase. The most common causative organism is still Streptococcus viridans, but there has been an increase in the incidence of IE due to benzyl-penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis and other fastidious organisms. The percentage of underlying diseases represented by combined valvular diseases has been increasing, while the primary known cause of the infection of IE was dental treatments. A positive value for CRP, an accelerated value for ESR, leukocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum Fe, a positive value for RA-T, were all parameters which showed a high correlation with IE, and these should be useful in establishing the diagnosis of IE. The use of cardioechography to detect cardiac vegetation is important in relation to establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of IE, and the evaluation of the therapeutic results.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefminox].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new cephamycin antibiotic, and results were as follows. Antimicrobial activities. MICs of CMNX against various clinical isolates were determined with the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. Percentages of strains susceptible to 12.5 micrograms/ml or less were 4% for S. aureus, 0% for E. faecalis, 100% for E. coli, 81% for K. pneumoniae, 3% for Enterobacter sp., 18% for S. marcescens, 90% for P. mirabilis, 88% for indole-positive Proteus sp. 100% for S. flexneri, 100% for Salmonella sp., 0% for Citrobacter sp. and 0% for P. aeruginosa. Most of those sensitive strains were inhibited by 0.39-0.78 microgram/ml. These activities were better than those of cefmetazole and cefazolin, but were not as good as those of cefoperazone. Clinical efficacy Three patients with pneumonia, 1 with pneumonia and sepsis, and 1 with urinary tract infection were treated with CMNX daily dose of 1-4 g for 7-31 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 1, good in 3, poor in 2 patients (contained a double case). Bacteriological effects were good for E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. liquefaciens, poor for P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. C. freundii, A. calcoaceticus and E. faecalis were cultured after treatment. No side effect and no abnormal change of laboratory findings were seen in our cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies on SM-4300].

Use of SM-4300, which is a newly developed human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration, has clinically been evaluated in the patients with severe or intractable bacterial infections. Of total 13 cases of the admitted patients at the 1st department of internal medicine, faculty of medicine, Kyushu university, 10-pneumonia case were associated with blood diseases like acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM), and in addition, with other underlying diseases like lung cancer and bronchiectasis, 1 was prosthetic valve endocarditis, 1 cholecystitis associated with pericarditis and 1 fever of undetermined origin (FUO). SM-4300 of 5 g single bolus or 3 daily doses of 2.5 g per day were infused with chemotherapy drugs preceedingly administered for more than 3 days and the results were evaluated; good in 4, fair 4, poor 2 and unknown 3, and the efficacy rate was 40%. Bacteriologically, the results were decreased in 1, persisted 1 and the majority was unknown. Observed were no side reactions nor the changes in clinical examination variables incurred by this drug. It is therefore considered that SM-4300 is of use for the treatment of intractable bacterial infections when used with antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of cefoperazone in the treatment of bacterial infections in patients with hematological diseases.

This study was conducted as a multicenter trial in 12 institutions in the Kyushu region of Japan. The clinical effects of cefoperazone were evaluated in 101 patients with 112 infections complicated by hematological disease. In about half of the patients, the baseline neutrophil count was below 1,000/mm3. Results were excellent in 23 of 101 cases and good in 48, with an efficacy rate of 70.3%. Cefoperazone alone or in combination with other antibiotics was effective in 60.7% of patients who had not responded to previous antibiotic therapy. No serious side effects attributable to cefoperazone were noted. The results indicate that cefoperazone is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Increased solubilization of immune complexes by the sera from patients with Behcet's disease.

The capacity to solubilize immune complexes formed in vitro was measured in 25 patients with Behcet's disease. Both the level of circulating immune complexes and that of complement are increased in these patients. The solubilization capacity appeared to increase, paralleling the rise of serum complement levels in patients with Behcet's disease. Thus, increased capacity to solubilize immune complexes may be attributed to complement that is increased in these patients. The relationship between the capacity to solubilize complexes and the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease is discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetic studies on intravenous drip infusion of dibekacin in elderly subjects without apparent renal failure (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetic behavior of dibekacin was studied in 8 elderly subjects. These subjects had not apparent renal failure, although they were diagnosed as having various diseases such as arteriosclerosis, essential hypertension, etc. Dibekacin, 50 mg/subject, was infused intravenously for 1 hour. Serum and urine concentrations of dibekacin were measured by the bioassay and radioimmunoassay methods. The peak serum concentration of dibekacin ranged from 3.55 to 5.35 micrograms/ml when measured by bioassay, and from 3.19 to 8.9 micrograms/ml by radioimmunoassay. The biological half-life of dibekacin ranged from 2.13 to 3.45 hours, and from 1.57 to 3.55 hours, with these 2 methods. The area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 14.8 to 25.6 micrograms/ml-hr and from 11.3 to 18.0 microgram/ml . hr, respectively. Creatinine clearance showed a positive correlation with the elimination rate constant and a negative correlation with the distribution volume of dibekacin. These relationships were more pronounced when determined by radioimmunoassay. These data suggest that the peak serum concentration of dibekacin decreases with creatinine clearance. The serum and urine concentrations of dibekacin measured by the radioimmunoassay method correlated well with those measured by the bioassay method. Therefore, it was concluded that the radioimmunoassay method is a useful technique for monitoring the serum concentration of dibekacin.

Aged↗