Aminophylline is effective on acute exacerbations of asthma in adults--objective improvements in peak flow, spirogram, arterial blood gas measurements and lung sounds.
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Albuterol↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Sano
Publications and source records attributed to Y Sano.
Construction and characterization of pyocin-colicin chimeric proteins.
Chimeric proteins were constructed from pyocin S1 or S2 and colicin E3 or E2, and their characteristics were investigated with special reference to the domain structure. The nuclease domains were interchangeable between two bacteriocins so that a new kind of pyocin, with RNase activity, was created. A bacteriocin which can kill both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was also constructed. Investigations with various chimeric proteins indicate that the translocation domain as well as the receptor-binding domain is species specific. Inhibition of lipid synthesis, which is characteristic of pyocins, was also observed with chimeric pyocins carrying the DNase domain of colicin E2 but not with those carrying the RNase domain of E3. Thus, the DNase domain is responsible for the inhibition of lipid synthesis.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Airway basophil and mast cell density in patients with bronchial asthma: relationship to bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
We investigated the role of basophils and mast cells in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Eight asthmatics (6 atopic, 2 nonatopic) and 6 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (PC20ACh) was measured in asthmatics and endobronchial biopsy from right upper lobe bronchus was performed on the same day. Basophils and mast cells in the airways were identified by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against tryptase and anti-IgE. The number of basophils of asthmatics was 52.2 +/- 12.5/mm(2). In contrast, no basophils were found in the airways of control subjects. There was a significant increase of number of mast cells in the asthma group compared to the control group (168.6 +/- 32.6 vs. 22.3 +/- 6.1, p<0.01). There was an inverse correlation between airway basophil and mast cell numbers and PC20ACh (r=-0.82, r=0.72, p<0.05). These findings suggest a possible role for basophils and mast cells in the pathophysiology of asthma.
Acetylcholine↗
Immunosuppressive properties of tissues obtained from eyes with experimentally manipulated corneas.
PURPOSE: To use explants of cornea and iris and ciliary body (I/CB) of experimentally manipulated eyes to determine whether loss of the capacity to suppress T-cell activation in vitro correlates with other consequences of manipulation, i.e., the migration of Langerhans cells into the central corneal epithelium, the leakiness of stromal neovessels, and the presence of axons in the cornea. METHODS: Mouse eyes were subjected to cautery of central corneal surface, suture-induced neovascularization, circumferential or criss-crossed corneal surface wounds, and orthotopic corneal grafting. Corneas and I/CB were excised, explanted in vitro, and assayed for capacity to suppress mixed lymphocyte reaction. Integrity of suture-induced corneal neovessels was assessed with high molecular weight dextran, Langerhans cells were enumerated in corneal epithelium, nerve axons were evaluated in corneal stroma, and capacity of manipulated eyes to support anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) induction after anterior chamber injection of bovine serum albumin were assessed. RESULTS: Experimental manipulations that abolished ACAID included cautery, neovascularization, and keratoplasty, whereas criss-crossed corneal excision wounds did not. Loss of ACAID correlated variably with loss of ability of corneal explants to secrete immunosuppressive factors in vitro, presence of Langerhans cells within the central corneal epithelium, leakiness of corneal neovessels, loss of axons in corneal stroma, and loss of ability of I/CB after keratoplasty to secrete immunosuppressive factors. CONCLUSIONS: The cornea plays an active role in ocular immune privilege and ACAID by creating a local immunosuppressive microenvironment, providing neural afferent stimuli that affect immunosuppressive properties of I/CB, and preventing neovascularization and infiltration with Langerhans cells.
Animals↗
Cytologic assessment of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
Significance of routine cytologic examination in the diagnosis of metastatic ovarian carcinoma was assessed. Twenty-one cases of metastatic carcinoma of the ovary were examined both pathologically and cytologically. Primary sites of the carcinoma were the stomach, breast, large bowel and uterine corpus. Cytology specimens were taken from the portio, endocervix and endometrium of the uterus, ascites and vaginal surgical stump. Malignant cells were detected in the samples from the portio, endocervix and endometrium in two, three and eight cases, respectively. One of the portio and endocervix and two of the endometrial specimens indicated the cases to be from endometrial primary sites. Primary sites of the remaining cases were the stomach and breast. Preoperative and intraoperative cytology of ascites were done in 16 cases and positive results were obtained in 11 cases. Postoperative recurrence was found cytologically in the surgical stump and ascites in two cases. Preoperative routine cytology of the uterus is considered to have diagnostic potential and ascite cytology to be an accurate index of intra-peritoneal spread in the case of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
Adult↗
Cytological distinction between clear cell carcinoma and yolk sac tumor of the ovary.
Cytological characteristics of clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and yolk sac tumor (YST) of the ovary were examined and compared. Indices for differential diagnosis of these two histologically similar but biologically different tumors were analyzed based on cytological features of the tumor cells. The main results obtained were from three cases of CCC and one case of YST who underwent imprint smear or similar examinations. Seventeen cases of CCC and two of YST with positive cytology results, mainly obtained from ascites samples, were also examined. Cytological characteristics of CCC compared to those of YST were: more marked cohesiveness of tumor cells with less-marked pleomorphism, well-preserved cell borders, fine vesicular cytoplasm, evenly thickened nuclear membrane, and fewer nucleoli and multinucleated giant cells in number. Cells with large cytoplasmic vacuolation were infrequent, and hobnail-shaped tumor cells were rather few in number in CCC cases examined. On the other hand, in the case of YST, cells were more dyscohesive, with marked cellular pleomorphism, usually faint cell borders, no thickening of nuclear membrane and occasional presence of nuclear grooves. The "naked" cells were commonly observed. Further, nucleoli were frequently numerous in number, and multinucleated giant cells were frequently found which showed marked cellular and nuclear atypism. These characteristics found mainly in imprint smears were also relatively well preserved in specimens obtained from ascites or other metastatic sites. These findings indicate that detailed cytological examination can provide a means for differential diagnosis of CCC and YST, supplementing other clinical information.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
[Usefulness of contrast-enhanced CT of the peritoneum to evaluate efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for peritoneal dissemination in an advanced gastric cancer case].
We performed contrast-enhanced CT before and after chemotherapy in a patient with advanced gastric cancer to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for peritoneal dissemination. The patient was preoperatively given combined chemotherapy with UFT and CDDP. Hepatic metastatic and peritoneal disseminated foci were markedly reduced on CT. Thus CT proved to be useful for assessing peritoneal dissemination and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Aged↗
[A new trend of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in Japan].
Bronchial asthma is characteristic of chronic airway inflammatory disorder which many inflammatory cells play a role, BDP therefore has become a basic drug (controller) in the treatment of asthma. Recently new dry powder inhalation systems of corticosteroid such as fluticasone propionate (Diskhaler) and budesonide (Turbuhaler) have been studied to examine the dose response clinical efficacy to BDP. Clinical efficacy of both drugs are equivocal to double dose of BDP. These excellent drugs will be soon available for clinical use in Japan.
Administration, Oral↗
[Long-term effects of inhaled beta 2-agonists on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics].
We examined the effects of two year's treatment of three inhaled beta 2-agonists (beta 2), such as salbutamol (S), procaterol (P) and fenoterol (F) on acetylcholine induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in mild approximately moderate asthmatics. When symptomatic use of beta 2 were less than 6 puffs/day, BHR was improved significantly with both S and P but was not with F. When more than 6 puffs/day, all three beta 2 did not show the improvement of BHR. Without the effect of corticosteroids, BHR was improved with S, and was partially improved with P in case of only less than 6 puffs/day, but was not improved with F unrelated to the inhaled puff number. Therefore, frequent use of beta 2 even if used only on demand was shown to worse BHR, asthmatics must be controlled to under the good condition of using beta 2 at least less than 6 puffs/day.
Administration, Oral↗
[A comparison of asthma deaths and near-fatal asthma attacks].
This study compares the characteristics of fatal asthma patients and those of near-fatal asthma patients who had experienced severe life threatening attacks. Data from 67 fatal asthma patients and 80 near-fatal asthma patients were analyzed. The mean age of fatal asthma cases were older than near-fatal asthma cases, 51.9 yrs and 44.3 yrs, respectively. Similarities of the two cases were seen in sex, type of asthma and severity of asthma. The experiences of previous life-threatening asthma did not differ in both groups (43.3% of fatal vs 40.0% of near-fatal). From the viewpoint of type of development of severe exacerbation, rapid exacerbation was more frequent in fatal cases than near-fatal cases, but acute exacerbation after unstable asthma was more in near-fatal asthma. Seventy-six percent of all asthma deaths occurred at home or on the way to the emergency department. The rate of delay of receiving medical care was significantly higher in fatal cases (72%) than near-fatal cases (26%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of medical management before fatal or near-fatal episode such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation. Use of ambulance, visiting emergency department, previous hospitalization between the two groups. The profile of fatal cases was almost same to that of near-fatal cases except delay of receiving medical care. In conclusion, the analysis of near-fatal cases was very important to make clear the causes of asthma death.
Adult↗
[Anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness].
To evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on bronchial hyperresponse in patients with mild asthma, We examined inhaled beta 2-agonists, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and suplatast tosilate. The results were as follows: 1. Inhaled beta 2-agonists, which have no direct anti-inflammatory effect, significantly improved bronchial hyperresponsiveness with inhalation of less than 6 puffs/day except tenoterol, but not with more than 6 puffs/day for two years. Patients with asthma therefore should use no more than 6 puffs/day of inhaled beta 2-agonists. Combined use of BDP and inhaled beta 2-agonists further improved bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This can be achieved by concurrent use of BDP, which has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. 2. Low dose BDP (200 micrograms/day), which is recommend in the Japanese guidelines for asthma treatment increased peak expiratory flow and improved bronchial hyperresponsivenss significantly during 8 weeks of treatment, but by 4 weeks after the end of BDP treatment, peak expiratory flow and bronchial hyperresponsiveness had worsened. Because we don't know the detail past history of patients with mild asthma, the patients must be treated with a relatively high dose of BDP (800 micrograms/day), which did improved bronchial hyperresponsiveness and significantly reduced the numbers of eosinophils and EG2 positive cells in the bronchial mucosa of patients with mild asthma. 3. Suplatast tosilate, which exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing IL-4 and IL-5 was given to patients with mild asthma for 6 weeks. Suplatast tosilate significantly increased peak expiratory flow and significantly improved bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It also signiticantly reduced the number of eosinophils and EG2 positive cells in the bronchial mucosa of eight patients with mild asthma. Therefore this drug may be useful for the treatment of patients with mild asthma.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Extrinsic sugar as vehicle for dietary fat.
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Adult↗
Cytopathological features of undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary.
Cytopathological characteristics of undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary were examined and reviewed. Seven cases of undifferentiated carcinoma were encountered among 202 malignant ovarian neoplasms in the Saitama Cancer Center. Histologically, two cases contained a minor component of usual Müllerian carcinoma and five others were purely of solid architecture without differentiation. Nevertheless, six cases, four of which were totally undifferentiated histologically, showed cytological features characteristic of adenocarcinoma. The results indicate that even carcinomas histologically diagnosed as undifferentiated may have cytological features of glandular differentiation, which may be Müllerian in origin.
Aged↗
A case of mesenteric venous thrombosis after endoscopic variceal band ligation.
A rare case of isolated superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) after endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is reported. A 64-year-old woman with a history of idiopathic portal hypertension presented at the emergency room with vomiting, increasing cramping abdominal pain, and low-grade fever. She had undergone EVL for esophageal varices 4 months before and had had intermittent attacks of mild abdominal pain after the EVL. Ultrasonogram of the abdomen demonstrated marked concentric wall thickening of the ileal loop. Enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a central lucency in the lumen of the superior mesenteric vein, surrounded by a high-density vein wall, corresponding to a thrombus. An isolated MVT and venous collateral network in the splanchnic area were confirmed by angiography. Supportive therapy, i.e., water and electrolyte replacement, and anticoagulation improved the clinical condition and radiologic status. This case of MVT after EVL suggests a possible relationship between EVL and MVT. It is necessary for clinicians to be aware of this relationship for the early diagnosis of MVT.
Endoscopy↗
Mutagenicity of O-diazoacetyl-L-serine (azaserine) and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L- norleucine (DON) in a soybean test system.
The mutagenicity of O-diazoacetyl-L-serine (azaserine) and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), glutamine analogues, were assayed in heterozygous soybean plants (Y11y11), according to the appearance of mutational spots (yellow, dark green and twin) on the leaves. The mutagenicity of azaserine was detected at 0.1 mg/ml, and that of DON, at 0.05 mg/ml. DON was strongly cytotoxic at doses exceeding 0.1 mg/ml. After azaserine and DON treatment, large spots which occupied more than half the leaflet were found in the first and second compound leaves. The glutamine analogues increased the frequency of yellow spots much more than dark green spots or twin spots. Light green spots were observed on y11y11 plants. Azaserine and DON induce somatic crossing over, point mutation and segmental loss as major effects.
Azaserine↗
Solution X-ray scattering study of reconstitution process of tobacco mosaic virus particle using low-temperature quenching.
The reconstitution process of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated by the solution X-ray scattering measurements with the synchrotron radiation source using low-temperature quenching. TMV assembly in an aqueous solution is completely stopped below 5 degrees C. The TMV assembly was traced by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at 5 degrees C on a series of solutions prepared by low-temperature quenching after incubation either at 15, 20 or 25 degrees C for an appropriate interval between 0 and 60 min. The SAXS results were analyzed by the Guinier plot, the Kratky plot and the distance distribution function. In order to account the time course of SAXS profiles in terms of the elongation of TMV assembly, a model calculation was performed to simulate the Guinier plot, the Kratky plot and the distance distribution function by applying Glatter's multibody method using models that were constituted of the spheres representing a column of piled two-layer disks of TMV-protein. The three simulated functions thus obtained support the conclusion derived from the three functions calculated from the experimental results that the incubation of the RNA and protein of TMV began to reconstitute TMV instantly after mixing, proceeded steeply to a long rod, and then extended asymptotic to the full length of the TMV particle. This process is in good agreement with that obtained from electron microscopic studies.
Journal Article↗
Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein which has significant homology to heavy chains of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family from human plasma.
Plasmapheresis with a dextran sulfate column is a treatment for patients with hypercholesteremia. When proteins bound to the column during the treatment were fractionated to prepare some known proteins, we found a 57 kDa glycoprotein designated GP57 which showed a new N-terminal amino acid sequence. Western-blot analysis of human plasma revealed that only a 120 kDa protein, GP120, reacted with anti-GP57 antibody. Since GP120 and GP57 had an identical N-terminal amino acid sequence, GP120 is probably the intact form of GP57. The isoelectric point of GP120 was 6.8. N-Glycanase treatment decreased the molecular weight of GP120 by 15 kDa. Neuraminidase and O-glycanase, however, did not affect the molecular weight. Amino acid sequence analyses of the lysylendopeptidase digest of GP120 revealed significant homology to the heavy chains of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family. Since GP120 showed no bikunin sequence, and chondroitinase treatment and alkaline treatment of GP120 did not affect its molecular weight, we concluded that GP120 was not a complex with bikunin. We designated GP120 as IHRP (ITI heavy chain-related protein).
Alpha-Globulins↗
Cloning and characterization of cDNA for inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein (IHRP), a novel human plasma glycoprotein.
The cDNA encoding inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein (IHRP) was cloned from human liver cDNA libraries. Oligonucleotide primers of human liver cDNA for PCR were constructed from internal amino acid sequences obtained with proteolytic fragments of IHRP. The amplified cDNA served as a hybridization probe for the screening of human liver cDNA libraries. The cDNA of 2,977 bp contained an entire reading frame coding 930 amino acids. The N-terminal 28 residues corresponded to a signal peptide for secretion. The N-terminal 600 residues of the mature form exhibited considerable homology to those of ITI heavy chains, while the C-terminal 300 residues showed no homology with the heavy chains and low homology with ATP-dependent proteases. IHRP was readily cleaved into 85- and 35-kDa fragments when plasma was incubated at 37 degrees C. The cleaved site, Arg-Arg-Leu, was within a proline-rich region. Northern blot analysis of poly(A) RNAs from various human tissues only showed hybridization to liver RNA.
Amino Acid Sequence↗