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Biomedical subjects

Y Sano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sano.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[An experimental study of the surgical trauma on the rabbit's lens suspensory apparatus after cataract surgery].

Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation requires that the posterior capsule and the zonules remain sufficiently intact. To assess the surgical trauma on the lens suspensory apparatus of the enucleated rabbit eye, we developed a new fine pressure gauge that could quantitate its strength. The cornea and the iris of enucleated eyes were removed to allow clear visualization of the anterior surface of the lens to the equator. Afterwards several types of anterior capsulotomy were performed for ECCE and PC-IOL implantation. And then the lens of the pseudophakic eye was vertically pressed with the plastic rod of the fine pressure transducer, and the strength of the lens suspensory apparatus was simultaneously measured. The strength of the lens suspensory apparatus of the pseudophakic eye decreased approximately 35% compared with that of the phakic eye. Moreover the integrity of the lens capsule of animals with circular capsulorhexis with tears or linear capsulotomy decreased approximately 43% compared with that of continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) and also zonular rupture and vitreous loss occurred as a result of the expansion of radial tears in the anterior capsule. The present study indicates that the strength of the lens suspensory apparatus decreases with cataract surgery, suggesting that much more attention to cataract surgery is needed if the anterior capsule had radial tears. It is also suggested that CCC is the best type of anterior capsulectomy procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on intravaginal administration of CDDP for dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

We attempted CDDP (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum) intravaginal administration by directly exposing the uterine cervix to CDDP in cases of dysplasia of the uterine cervix and cervical intraepithelial and micro-invasive carcinoma. Out of 12 patients, 7 had dysplasia of the uterine cervix (dysplasia was mild in 4, of an intermediate level in 1, 4 with mild dysplasia, 1 with and advanced in 2); 3 had carcinoma in situ, and 2 had microinvasive carcinoma. For CDDP intravaginal administration, a gauze tampon containing CDDP (5mg) was inserted into the vagina. CDDP administration was repeated daily for 10 days. The total dosage of CDDP administered was 50mg (new paragraph). During this period, vaginal cytologic examination was conducted and total plasma Pt content was determined daily for all. Following the completion of CDDP administration, the uterine cervices of those with dysplasia were histologically examined. For those with carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma, simple total hysterectomy was performed after intravaginal administration of CDDP to determine its therapeutic efficacy and the Pt concentration of the tissue; 1. In the 7 cases of dysplasia, dysplastic cell degeneration was observed 1-2 days after the start of intravaginal CDDP administration and these cells disappeared in all cases after its completion. 2. Sixteen histological sections of the resected cervical specimens from the 3 cases of carcinoma in situ showed complete disappearance of cancerous cells. 3. In the 2 cases of microinvasive carcinoma, no tumor cells were detected in one case; in the other case, tumor cells persisted in part of the resected specimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1992

[Study on cases of resected primary lung cancer in young persons].

A clinical study was conducted of 17 patients aged less than 40 years who received resection for lung cancer in our department. The 17 cases made up 1.8% of the total series of 924 resected lung cancer cases, with the number of cases increasing as the age of 40 years was approached. The male-female ratio was 1.1:1, with proportion of women higher than in the total series of lung cancer cases. The histological type of included a high proportion of adenocarcinomas (47.0%), while squamous cell carcinomas were few. In addition, the proportion of tumors of low-grade malignancy such as carcinoid tumors and mucoepidermoid carcinomas was high. The majority (58.8%) of cases were detected by mass screening. As a result, the number of stage I cases was high (10 cases, 58.8%), and curative resection could be performed in 70.8%. The prognosis of these young patients did not differ significantly from that of the total resected group, with a 5-year survival rate of 62.4% achieved. It was considered that the prognosis of lung cancer in young persons can also be improved with early detection by mass screening and active surgical intervention.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Uric acid as biochemical marker for retinal and optic nerve damage after occlusion and reperfusion of common carotid and vertebral arteries in rat.

Transient retinal and optic nerve ischemia lasting for 20 minutes was produced in Wistar rats by clipping bilateral common carotid arteries and coagulating both vertebral arteries by heat. The uric acid level in the retina and optic nerve were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection just before induction of ischemia, 20 minutes after induction of ischemia, and after resolution of ischemia. Uric acid content in the optic nerve (28.0 +/- 4.5 ng/mg protein) was about 5 times higher than that in the retina (5.7 +/- 0.8 ng/mg protein) in the control experiment. Ischemia lasting for 20 minutes caused a 2.7-fold increase of uric acid in the optic nerve and a 1.8-fold increase in the retina. Following reperfusion of the blood flow by unclipping of the common carotid arteries, the uric acid level decreased to the control level in both the retina and optic nerve 30 minutes after unclipping, which was followed by 3.1- and 1.6-fold increases in uric acid in the retina and the optic nerve, respectively, at 60 minutes after unclipping. Although ischemia alone causes tissue damage, there is some clinical evidence that greater injury can occur after oxygen is reintroduced to ischemic tissue. Our results indicate that the retina is more likely to be damaged by reperfusion than the optic nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A DBL-homologous region of the yeast CLS4/CDC24 gene product is important for Ca(2+)-modulated bud assembly.

The CLS4/CDC24 is essential for the budding process of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Disruption of the CLS4/CDC24 gene is lethal, and expression of the CLS4 product under the control of the GAL1 promoter is sufficient for cellular growth. The CLS4 product is detected in yeast cell lysate with an apparent molecular mass of 93 kD (854 amino acid residues) and shows homology with the human DBL oncogene product. Temperature-sensitive cdc24-1 mutation is located in the N-terminal portion of the protein whereas Ca(2+)-sensitive cls4-1 mutation is present after the DBL-homologous region (amino acid residues 281-518) near the putative Ca(2+)-binding site. Mutations within the DBL-homologous region are responsible for the Ca(2+)-sensitive phenotype. Thus the CLS4 gene product seems to have several functional domains within the molecule essential for bud assembly.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Collateral sprouting of serotonergic fibers in the cingulate cortex and the septum following cortical-hippocampal lesions.

The parietal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of adult rats were unilaterally ablated. One and 3 months after this operation, changes in serotonergic fiber distribution in the forebrain were studied immunohistochemically. At 1 month, increased numbers of serotonergic fibers were seen in the cingulate cortex and the medial and lateral septal nuclei of the lesioned side. This increase continued to 3 months in the ipsilateral cingulate cortex. In the present study, two different processes of serotonergic fiber collateral sprouting were noted. Plastic changes in serotonergic fibers in the ipsilateral septal nuclei and cingulate cortex may be attributable to the collateral sprouting underlying reactive synaptogenesis and the pruning effect, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Transplantation of fetal mesencephalic and medullary raphe tissues into the cerebellum of denervated adult rats--an immunohistochemical study.

Pieces of mesencephalic and medullary raphe tissues were transplanted into the cerebella of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine-treated adult rats. The extent of axonal outgrowth of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the grafts was immunohistochemically studied. At 3 months after transplantation, numerous dopaminergic neurons with many processes extending within the graft were detected in the mesencephalic raphe graft, but not in the medullary raphe graft. In contrast, both the mesencephalic and medullary raphe grafts contained numerous serotonergic neurons and a dense plexus of their fibers. The outgrowing serotonergic fibers from the mesencephalic raphe graft showed a hyperinnervation pattern in the cerebellar cortex adjacent to the graft. Furthermore, a glomerulus-like accumulation of serotonergic fibers was observed in the granular layer. In the cases of medullary raphe grafts, the relatively abundant outgrowing serotonergic fibers showed a laminar organization in the cerebellar cortex near the graft, which was similar to the normal distributional pattern. These results indicate that serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons located within the mesencephalic raphe graft clearly differed from each other in their ability to extend their processes into the host cerebellum, which provides further evidence for the existence of specific interactions between outgrowing serotonergic fibers and their terminal fields (targets).

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1991

Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis: a study on 11 Japanese cases.

Eleven patients with food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis were studied. Seven patients experienced anaphylactic symptoms only after eating certain foods, such as shellfish, wheat, and grape before exercise. In the remaining four patients, no specific food could be identified, but the act of eating itself predisposed to anaphylaxis. Their anaphylactic symptoms were all clearly distinguished from cholinergic urticaria by history. Patients who developed anaphylactic symptoms before 20 years of age (N = 7) were atopic themselves or had atopic first-degree relatives. Six patients had increased serum IgE levels, and IgE antibodies against the causative food allergens were detected by the skin prick test or RAST in four cases. In contrast, patients who developed the symptoms after 30 years of age (N = 4) appeared to have a less atopic background, and IgE levels were within normal range except in one case. Three of four patients in the latter group developed symptoms after ingesting food made of wheat followed by exercise. All patients were sensitive to wheat as determined by the skin prick test. In six of 11 patients, a considerable rise in plasma histamine concentration was observed after exercise challenge with treadmill alone, and food intake followed by exercise induced a further increase in one patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical study on gastrin-releasing peptide-containing peripheral nerve fibers in rat, macaque and human.

Distribution of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-containing peripheral nerve fibers in the respiratory organs, digestive tracts and hearts of rat, monkey and human was studied with immunohistochemical method. In the trachea, GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the lamina propria and surrounded ducts and acini of tracheal serous glands with a basket-like appearance. In the lung, immunoreactive nerve fibers were scattered in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles, and also the adventitia of veins. In the digestive organs, such as esophagus, duodenum and jejunum, numerous GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed in the lamina propria and muscle layer; especially in the former layer where they were seen running up to the apical part of villi. GRP-containing nerve bundles and branched fibers were also observed in the atrial muscle layer. These results gave a morphological basis to future studies of the functional significance of GRP on autonomic mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of prolactin on fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes.

The effects of PRL on fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes and subsequent pregnancy were studied. Forty-five patients (47 cycles) with euprolactinemic normal menstrual cycles undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) for the treatment of tubal infertility were selected for this study. The patients were divided into three groups dependent upon their mean serum PRL concentrations for the 3 days prior to oocyte retrieval; hypoprolactinemic (less than 10 micrograms/l), euprolactinemic (10-30 micrograms/l) and hyperprolactinemic cycles (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/l). Multiple follicular development was induced with hMG, and 10 patients were randomized to receive bromocriptine beginning with the previous menstrual cycle. In the hypoprolactinemic cycle group, the fertilization rate was significantly lower than in the hyperprolactinemic cycle group, and the cleavage rate was significantly lower than in the other groups. The fertilization rates and the cleavage rates in the hyperprolactinemic cycle group were higher than those in the euprolactinemic cycle group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. While the pregnancy rates in the euprolactinemic cycle group were higher than in the other two groups, the numbers were too small for meaningful statistical comparison. The present study demonstrates that below normal concentrations of PRL have deleterious effects on IVF outcome. These data suggest that PRL may play a beneficial stimulatory role in oocyte maturation and the acquisition of developmental capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Localization and regulation of mRNAs in the nervous tissue as revealed by in situ hybridization.

1. In situ hybridization histochemistry permits the study of specific mRNAs of neuropeptides, enzymes involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptors and proteins associated with glial cells in nervous tissue. 2. The central and peripheral nervous systems are composed of heterogeneous elements and specific regulatory mechanisms occur in specific cells. 3. This review will focus on the localization and regulation of different mRNAs in the nervous system from Drosophila to human, as revealed by in situ hybridization histochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Difference of blood cell counts with reference blood cell counters in three different makers].

To determine the difference of CBC values in different blood cell counters, we have measured the values of CBC by using reference cell counters of three major makers; Coulter, Sysmex and Technicon. Thirty ml of whole blood was taken from 2 healthy individuals and mixed with 45 mg of EDTA -2K. The blood samples were then sent to reference laboratory of each maker under identical conditions. The determination of cell counts was performed 4 hours after taking blood. Ten consecutive analysis were then carried out and the mean of 10 values was calculated. The apparent difference was displayed in leucocyte and platelet counts. In both of two samples, the highest values of either leucocyte or platelet count was obtained with Coulter instrument. And second high values were noted with Sysmex counter and the lowest values were observed by Technicon instrument. The extent of difference between each instrument was over 10% in case of platelet count and was 5 to 10% in leucocyte count. The difference of erythrocyte count, Hgb level, hematocrit value and MCV also existed, but the extent of difference was within 5% in all of these examinations. Since CV of each examination was sufficiently low level, this difference might be due to the difference in accuracy of reference cell counter of each maker. These results suggest that distinct differences of CBC count, particularly platelet and leucocyte count can be produced by the different procedures of calibration for reference counter in each maker of automated blood cell counter.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Acute myocardial injury and repeated angina pectoris-like attacks in a young patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome].

A 23-year-old male with bronchial asthma developed eosinophilia (eosinophils greater than 2,000/mm3) and was observed at our hospital. After using a prescribed indomethacin suppository for fever at home, he experienced an attack of acute chest pain and severe dyspnea. He suffered cardiac arrest while being transferred to the ward. After resuscitation, he was diagnosed as having acute myocardial infarction on the basis of electrocardiographic and ultrasonic cardiographic findings, and marked elevation of serum concentrations of myocardial enzymes. Thereafter, he often complained of precordial pain and abdominal pain. When he was administered an analgesic in another hospital, he developed severe precordial pain, and marked ST elevation was recorded on the electrocardiogram. Coronary angiography revealed no stenosis nor atherosclerotic changes, suggesting that severe spasm of the coronary arteries and direct myocardial injury by eosinophils were the causes of the myocardial infarction-like symptoms and angina pectoris-like attacks. He was diagnosed as having Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis) on the basis of the clinical findings; skin biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy findings were consistent with the diagnosis. Following steroid administration, his angina-like attacks and abdominal pain ceased. This patient developed two episodes of acute cardiovascular symptoms upon administration of antipyretic analgesics. This suggests that in cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome with aspirin-induced asthma, physicians must be aware of the cardiovascular complications, and such drugs should be administered with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Two cases of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are reported. One patient is a 47-year-old female with goiter and the other a 60-year-old female. Both have slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and have anti-HTLV-I antibodies in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Anti-thyroid antibodies are also present in their serum, and biopsy specimens of their thyroids showed the pathological features of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The association of the two disorders in these patients provides further evidence for the autoimmune hypothesis of the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP, and also suggests a relationship of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with HTLV-I infection.

Autoimmunity↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with bronchial asthma following long-term corticosteroid therapy].

A 50-year-old man, who developed bronchial asthma at the age of 43 and was treated continuously with corticosteroids from the beginning of the first treatment, was admitted with exacerbation of exertional dyspnea. In spite of various treatments for bronchial asthma, such as theophylline, beta-stimulants, anti-allergic drugs and steroid-inhalation, asthmatic symptoms did not improve and he continued to receive intravenous administration of steroids. Five months after admission, he suddenly developed severe respiratory failure and died after five days. Autopsy revealed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and marked atrophy of adrenal glands. No evidence of malignancy or hematologic disease was seen. Serum HIV antibody was negative. Secondary immunodeficiency induced by long-term corticosteroid administration of over 7 years was considered to be the cause of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. It seems that no case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with bronchial asthma alone has ever been reported in medical literature.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

[HTLV-I associated myelopathy with Hashimoto's thyroiditis--a report of two cases].

We reported two cases of HTLV-I associated myelopathy with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Case 1 is a 47-year-old female, who has had Hashimoto's thyroiditis since the age of 29. At the age of 38, she first noticed difficulty in walking which progressed gradually. At the time of examination, she showed a spastic gait, increased deep tendon reflexes in four extremities, hypesthesia of the feet, mild bowel and bladder disturbances. Anti-HTLV-I antibody was increased to the titer of 16,834 in the serum and of 32 in the cerebrospinal fluid by PA method. Hypothyroidism was present and the titers of microsome test and thyroid test were elevated to 102,400. Anti-T4, and anti-T3, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were found. Ultrasonography of the thyroid revealed its enlargement and decreased echo signals. Thyroid scintigram showed inhomogeneous 123I uptake and some defective areas of the uptake. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen of the thyroid demonstrated marked lymphocytic infiltration, germinal centers, hypertrophy of follicular epithelium, and interstitial fibrosis, which were consistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Case 2 is a 60-year-old female who has had slowly progressive gait disturbance since her childhood. She became unable to walk at the age of 35. At the time of examination, she had a spastic gait, increased deep tendon reflexes bilaterally, and positive Babinski signs. Anti-HTLV-I antibodies were increased to a titer of 8,192 in the serum and of 32 in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thyroid function was normal. However, anti-thyroid antibodies were positive and histology of the thyroid showed lymphocytic thyroiditis, which were consistent with mild grade of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoimmunity↗