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Biomedical subjects

Y Sanada

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sanada.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bilateral cryptophthalmos with multiple associated congenital malformations.

An infant girl manifesting bilateral cryptophthalmos with multiple associated malformations was followed from birth. The globes were almost covered by a fold of skin and the findings were interesting in regard to the etiology of cryptophthalmos. The other congenital deformities included scaphocephaly, somewhat low-set ears, accessory tragi, a high arched palate, and funnel chest. The child was operated on at the age of 4 months with relatively satisfactory results, although she died suddenly of acute heart failure 4 months postoperatively.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

[A survey on the current status and trends in bladder irrigation].

Questionnaires were sent to pharmacies and clinics in 592 Japanese hospitals from July to November, 1983 to investigate the use of bladder irrigation. The questionnaires were completed and returned by 418 hospitals, the rate of response being 70.8%. Fifty eight kinds of irrigants were prepared in hospital pharmacies and were reported to have been used in 1,171 patients. Of these irrigants, chlorhexidine gluconate accounted for 18.8%, Polymyxin B for 17.1%, normal saline for 13.3%, potassium permanganate for 6.9%, and boric acid for 5.7%. Chlorhexidine gluconate was usually used at a concentration of 0.02% (in 79% of the total use of the agent), Polymyxin B at 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.05%, potassium permanganate at 0.01% and 0.02% (in 73% of the total use), and acrinol at 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%. To questions about side effects, such as irritation, 65 hospitals answered that irritation had occurred. Irrigants were most frequently supplied to non-disposable 500 ml containers used exclusively for this purpose, 38% of all the hospitals using this method. Non-disposable 1 liter containers for exclusive use with bladder irrigants were used in 23% of the hospitals. Purified water was most frequently used to prepare the bladder irrigants (in 35% of hospitals) followed in descending order, by sterile purified water in 33%, and distilled water for injection in 26%. Water for irrigants was prepared at the hospital in 83% of the hospitals. The time of storage of the prepared bladder irrigants was mostly one week to one month, and was within one month in 78% of the hospitals. Seventeen percent of the hospitals answered that the preparation of bladder irrigants was a cause of overwork in their pharmacies. Irrigants against Pseudomonas infections were prepared separately in 40% of the hospitals, and there was no such regulation in 37%. Forty four agents were used to prepare such irrigants, and Polymyxin B accounted for 50%. The use of these agents significantly (P less than 0.001) differed between hospitals. Forty eight percent of the hospitals made special preparations for patients with clouded urine, and there was no such regulation in 46%. Thirty nine agents were used for this purpose. Polymyxin B was used in 30%, and chlorhexidine gluconate in 19%. The use of these agents differed significantly (P less than 0.001) between hospitals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Disinfection↗
PubMed1984

[Total parenteral nutrition in surgical treatment of infants: recent progress and problems].

The frequency of TPN in surgical infants was 242/686 (37.8%) in neonates and 260/2693 (9.7%) in older infants for the past 15 years. The frequent indications of TPN were intestinal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease and esophageal atresia in the neonatal period, and Hirschsprung's disease, pyloric stenosis and biliary atresia in infancy. The effectiveness of TPN was impressively indicated by better survival rate in the infants with massive intestinal resection received TPN. An amino acid solution (N1-2) was newly devised, based on the analysis of plasma aminograms in 36 infants received TPN with a commercial amino acid solution (Proteamin), and theoretical considerations. It was more useful solution for TPN in 12 young infants. Urinary phosphorus was a considerable parameter for the administration of Vitamin D in TPN. The incidence of TPN-induced hepatic dysfunction was significantly referred to the amount of amino acid in TPN. Closed infusion system with a soft bag and triple bacterial filters in the line was effective for the prevention of sepsis caused by central venous catheter. The nutritional care was important in the treatment of infants with biliary atresia, because generally they had some nutritional defects such as essential fatty acid deficiency, insufficient amino acid metabolism and zinc deficiency. The nutritional care in infants with advanced neuroblastoma favorably altered the course of the disease.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of endorectal ileal pullthrough following colectomy with and without ileal reservoir.

In an experimental study, 18 dogs underwent total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and endorectal ileal pullthrough with ileoanal anastomosis. In 6 dogs, no internal reservoir was constructed (NR). In 6 additional dogs, an S-shaped ileal reservoir (SR) was constructed immediately above the peritoneal reflection. In 6 other dogs, a side-to-side ileal reservoir (SS) of 15-cm length was constructed above the peritoneal reflection. At 12 wk postoperatively, there was a 231% increase in volume of the SS reservoir, whereas the SR increased 85% and the NR increased 78%. Dogs with NR experienced high stool frequency with low water absorption and minimal dilatation. Dogs with SR experienced dilatation rapidly, reducing stool frequency but causing stasis and moderate to severe inflammation of the ileal mucosa. Dogs with SS of at least 15-cm length enlarged sufficiently to reduce stool frequency and increase water absorption slightly without causing stasis or appreciable inflammation.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1982

Intermittent ileostomy occlusion for fecal storage using balloon catheter.

Nine piglets were studied to evaluate the feasibility of developing ileostomy continence using a transiently obstructing balloon catheter, A 20 cm side-to-side ileal reservoir was created in five of the piglets after the construction of a cutaneous ileostomy. Three of these piglets and three of four without an internal ileal reservoir underwent repeated intermittent ileal obstruction lasting form 3 to 8 hours during a 6-week period. The remaining three piglets were used as controls. The program of progressive intermittent ileal obstruction achieved complete ileal continence during the occlusion periods without altering the ileal absorptive functions or morphology of pigs with and those without ileal reservoirs. The volume of ileal reservoirs proximal to the stoma increased 195% after 6 weeks of obstruction, whereas the ileum without reservoir increased only 28% after the same period of obstruction. The construction of a 20 cm side-to-side lateral reservoir proximal to the stoma appears better able than the standard Brooke ileostomy to achieve continence using an occluding balloon catheter. The lateral ileal reservoir proximal to an ileostomy stoma managed by intermittent ileal occlusion with a catheter may provide an effective alternative to the Kock continent ileostomy after total proctocolectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Injury of cilia induced by tracheal tube cuffs.

Eighteen mongrel dogs underwent endotracheal intubation with large residual volume, low pressure cuffs. The cuffs were inflated at 20 centimeters of water for a period of four hours. Mucociliary clearance studies and tracheal biopsies were performed immediately following, and three, seven and 14 days after, cuff deflation. Severe ciliary injury was observed on scanning electron micrographs examined immediately and three days after cuff deflation, even though the cuffs were inflated at extremely low pressure for short periods. An appreciable delay in mucociliary clearance was shown to correlate directly with the severity of histologic injury. The morphologic and functional alterations in the cilia due to compression were completely reversible after two weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of immunosuppression on the patency and structure of canine vein allografts in the venous system.

The effect of immunosuppression on allogeneic femoral vein grafts placed into the venous system of dogs was studied. Autologous vein grafts demonstrated clear patency and few histologic changes up to four weeks after operation. Allogeneic vein grafts in dogs not receiving immunosuppression showed thrombosis in all instances within less than four weeks. Standard immunosuppression therapy reduced the thrombosis rate to 25 per cent at four weeks in dogs with femoral vein allografts. Only mild histologic changes were observed in these grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of techniques for chemical debridement of colonic mucosa.

Rectal mucosectomy may be technically difficult to perform on certain patients with severe ulcerative colitis involving the rectum, in whom a colectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through operation is planned. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the following caustic agents in causing severe injury to the colonic mucosa of dogs after ten minutes of exposure, as determined by light and scanning electron microscopy: 1.0 normal sodium hydroxide; 0.5 normal sodium hydroxide; 1.25 per cent formalin solution, and silver nitrate sticks. The 1.0 normal sodium hydroxide solution caused injury to both mucosa and muscularis. The 0.5 normal sodium hydroxide produced mucosal injury without damage to the muscularis; the mucosa could be rubbed off with minimal bleeding. Although the mucosa exposed to 1.25 per cent formalin solution or to silver nitrate sticks showed varying degrees of injury, the remaining mucosa was not readily removed by rubbing. Repeat exposure of the mucosa to 0.5 normal sodium hydroxide three days after the first exposure made it easy to remove the mucosa by gentle rubbing but did not cause gross or microscopic injury to the muscularis. Chemical debridement of colonic or rectal mucosa may be a helpful adjunct when the mucosa cannot be removed readily by standard surgical dissection during endorectal pull-through operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Total parenteral nutrition in low-birth-weight neonates with complicated surgical disorders; effects and difficulties.

Twenty low-birth-weight, surgical neonates were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN). They were divided into two groups according to birth-weights. Group A consisted of 8 patients weighing less than 2,000 gm, and group B consisted of 12 patients weight between 2,000 and 2,500 gm. The infusate of TPN consisted of 15% glucose and 3% amino acids solution, and 10% fat emulsion. The dosage administered was usually 120 ml/kg/day in the amino acid glucose solution and 15 ml/kg/day in the fat emulsion, but varied depending on the clinical condition of the patients. The duration of parenteral nutrition was from 3 to 76 days with an average of 34.3 days. Four patients in group A survived. Three of the four who died had already been in severe septicemia due to the original disease before the initiation of parenteral nutrition. Ten in group B survived. The intake of 500 mg/kg/day of nitrogen as crystalline amino acids and calories of more than 80 Cal./dg/day produced a gain of body weight and a positive nitrogen balance. However, the weight gain in the patients in group A lagged behind. Furthermore, severe hepatic dysfunction was induced in four in group A. We conclude that TPN will improve the general condition, weight gain and positive nitrogen balance, even in low-birth-weight neonates with complicated surgical disorders.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Purification and characterization of yeast protease B.

Protease B [EC 3.4.22.9] was purified from baker's yeast by plasmolysis of yeast, acid activation, acid precipitation, and column chromatographies on QAE-Sephadex, SP-Sephadex, D-tryptophan methyl ester-Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and sulfhydryl-blocking reagents. Chymostatin and antipain at extremely low concentrations (1 micro M) inhibited the protease B. The effects of the enzyme on various yeast enzymes were examined by measuring their inactivation. The enzyme inactivated 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.44] and uricase [EC 1.7.3.3], but not malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37], alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1], glutamate dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.3], glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49] or hexokinase [EC 2.7.1.1].

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1980

Characteristics of proline oxidase in rat tissues.

In adult rats the activity of proline oxidase is high in the liver and kidney and moderate in the brain and heart, but it is not detectable in the lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, or small intestine. The activity in the liver is 1.5 times higher in females than males. Administration of estrogen to male rats increased the activity in liver and decreased that in kidney. Administration of a high protein diet increased the activity in the liver only. Administration of hydrocortisone or dexamethasone did not affect the activity in any tissue.

Animals↗