[Indication and current status of the surgical treatment of biliary lithiasis].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Salembier.
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For cosmetic purposes, it is possible to perform an elective cholecystectomy through a transverse incision of no more than 5 cm. Access is obtained lengthwise through the rectus abdominis. Bleeding must be strictly controlled and cholecystectomy must be performed with great care. Before the operation, it is necessary to ensure that there is no evidence of pathology outside the gall-bladder; nevertheless the common bile duct must be checked during the operation. In the last ten years, this approach has been used in 125 patients (4.6% of cholecystectomies) with excellent results.
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Angiocholitis induced by an oddipathy occured a long time after a cholecystectomy (average 8 years), for lithiasis in 0.5% of the patients. Indeed, the disorder was so serious that a new operation had to be performed in 31 cases. Although, this complication is rare, it is worth reducing its occurence by a preventive treatment: the best means consists in a circumstantial clinical examination in a precise "radio-mano-débitmétique" test during the cholecystectomy. Precisions are given in these fields. The re-intervention is imperative when the sclero-dystrophy of the area of the Oddi is settle. From the failures or the bad results of the operations of external or internal (sphincterotomy) drainage, we conclude that a bilio-digestive anastomosis must be performed, the most efficient is the cholangio-jejunostomy by implantation which involves a by pass of the whole bile flow.
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It is necessary to clearly characterize: -- The short choledochus which, in fact, is a long cystic duct joining the ampulla of Vater (4 obs.). -- The choledochus with a high implantation, above the end part of the duodenum (4 obs.). -- The choledochus shortened by the retraction of the duodenum, more often than not induced by a distant duodenal ulcer (1 obs.). The long cystic must be removed if possible. The high implanted choledochus, when associated with a duodenal ulcer leads to etiological (-- mutual action of the two diseases --) and practical problems: it seems preferable, in this case, to leave the ulcer and cure it by an indirect operation.
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