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Biomedical subjects

Y Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakuma.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Experience in using a ureterorenoscope in 14 cases].

We carried out studies using an ureterorenoscope in 14 cases, including 13 patients suffering from an ureteral stone. The stone was smaller than 1 cm and existed in lower and middle portion. The other patient had a foreign substance, which was a double J-stent catheter that had been passed into the middle portion of the ureter accidentally. Initially, the size and course of ureter, the position of stone and foreign substance were ascertained using a retrograde pyelogram. The patients were placed in a lithotomy position under spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. The ureterorenoscope was inserted into the bladder through urethra and the instrument was further extended through ureteral orifice and ureteral lumen to the position of the calculus or foreign substance while observing the procedure. Once the calculus or foreign substance was observed, a 4F Pfister-Schwartz stone retriever or forceps was inserted through working channel. After coming in contact with the stone or foreign substance, the matter was removed while observing it with the scope. The foreign substance and 77% of the stones observed were removed by this procedure and the usefulness of the ureterorenoscope was successfully demonstrated in the cases. However, on the other hand, of these 14 cases, 2 (14%) experienced ureteral injury. In one case, the ureter was penetrated by the scope; and in another, injury occurred during the biopsy of the ureteral wall. Therefore, it is our opinion that more careful use of the ureterorenoscope is necessary to prevent these types of injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Safety and pharmacology of aspoxicillin in healthy volunteers].

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new injectable semisynthetic penicillin, was administered to healthy volunteers to elucidate its safety and pharmacokinetics. No abnormalities obviously attributable to ASPC were observed in the examinations covering subjective and objective symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, electrocardiogram and body temperature, as well as in hematology, blood chemistry and urinalysis. There were slight increase in LDH (1 case), Al-P (1 case) and blood-glucose levels (2 cases) at 2 or 4 weeks after the administration with intravenous bolus consecutive injection (1 g X 1 or 2/day, 8 to 10 times), but these increases were not considered to be attributable to ASPC. When ASPC was administered by consecutive intravenous bolus injection, there observed no tendency of accumulation of the drug in serum or urine. When 1 g of ASPC was given intramuscular (i.m.), intravenous injection (i.v.) and intravenous drip infusion (d.i.) route, the maximum antibiotic levels in serum reached 25.2 micrograms/ml, 118.2 micrograms/ml and 70.3 micrograms/ml at 0.75 hour, 0.08 hour and 1 hour after the administration, respectively. The biological half-lives of ASPC attained by these 3 different routes were as follows: 1.73 hours (i.m.), 1.65 hours (i.v.) and 1.44 hours (d.i.). In a cross-over test with piperacillin (PIPC), serum levels of ASPC were higher than those of PIPC and half-lives of ASPC were longer. The 8 hours urinary recovery of ASPC was 75.9% after intravenous injection, 74.6% after intramuscular injection and 88.0% after intravenous drip infusion. Most of urinary recovery was excreted within 4 hours after administration regardless of dose levels, frequency of dosing or administration route. Thin layer chromatographic bioautography was conducted with the samples of serum and urine collected from subjects received ASPC. No antibacterial metabolite was observed in the serum obtained 2 hours after administration but a metabolite identified as amoxicillin was detected in a part of urine samples collected after 8 to 10 hours after the injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Double primary malignant neoplasm of renal cell carcinoma and stomach cancer: report of two cases].

Two cases of double primary malignant neoplasm of renal cell carcinoma and gastric cancer are presented. Case 1 was a 59-year-old woman with right renal cell carcinoma (granular cell subtype) and gastric cancer (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma). Case 2 was a 72-year-old man with left renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma) and gastric cancer (tubular adenocarcinoma). In both cases, the occult blood reactions of stool was strong and clear gastrointestinal symptoms developed. In these 2 cases of synchronous double cancer, gastrectomy following nephrectomy was performed in the same operation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Different effects of D-glucose anomers on enhanced secretion of gastric acid in rat.

The injection of alpha-, beta-, or equilibrated (alpha: 36%, beta: 64%) D-glucose solution into the cranial side of the carotid artery decreased gastric acid output caused by insulin in rats with bilateral adrenalectomy. This effect was not reproduced after vagotomy at the cervical level. Of the 3 forms of D-glucose solution the effect of beta-D-glucose was greatest. The injection of isotonic NaCl solution, however, produced no change in acid output. These results suggest that blood beta-D-glucose may play a predominant role in activating a brain mechanism which controls gastric acid secretion via the vagus nerve.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Influences of neonatal gonadectomy or androgen exposure on the sexual differentiation of the rat ventromedial hypothalamus.

Antidromic action potentials were recorded extracellularly from 830 neurones in the ventromedial hypothalamus of 137 urethane-anaesthetized rats following electrical stimulation of the central grey matter of the mesencephalon. Antidromic spike latency (range: 1.4-45.0 ms) and stimulus threshold (85-1800 microA) were determined for each response in twenty-five normal males (n = 157) and thirty females ovariectomized as adults (n = 167) as well as in thirty-six neonatally castrated males (n = 223) and forty-six females neonatally treated with testosterone propionate (n = 283). Frequency distribution of the antidromic spike latency was multimodal in each group of animals, and was different between the groups. Significantly more of the cells had antidromic spike latencies within two ranges of 6.0-11.0 ms and 14.0-20.0 ms, respectively, in the ovariectomized females than in the normal males. The proportion of cells with longer latencies was modified by testosterone administration to females or castration of males during the early post-natal period. Neuronal populations with shorter latencies withstood endocrine manipulations. Oestrogen administration to adults significantly decreased antidromic activation thresholds in ovariectomized females and neonatally castrated males. High threshold values in the testosterone-treated, constant oestrous females did not change after ovariectomy as adults or oestrogen supplementation. It is concluded that sexual dimorphism exists in the hypothalamic neurones shown to project to the central grey and that difference depends at least partially on neonatal endocrine treatments.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Evidence that two sizes of ventromedial hypothalamic neurones project to the mesencephalic central grey matter in rats.

The spatial spread of the extracellular antidromic action potentials was measured in eighty-three neurones in the ventromedial nucleus region of the female rat hypothalamus following electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central grey matter. The positive-negative configuration of the antidromic action potentials across the extracellular field suggested that the potentials were generated predominantly by neuronal soma with simple geometries. When represented by the distance travelled by the electrode, at which peak-to-peak spike amplitude exceeded the half maximum value, the spatial spread of the extracellular field ranged from 25 to 174 micron. The frequency distribution for the field size was distinctively bimodal and could be divided into large and small groups at 85 micron. Antidromic action potentials with larger extracellular fields had significantly larger maximum spike amplitude and shorter duration, indicating that differences in field size were associated with neuronal size. At least 55% of the central grey projection of the ventromedial nucleus originated from small neurones. Taking into account the sampling bias, a much greater proportion of the central grey projection may arise from small neurones. The lack of a systematic difference in the antidromic spike latencies between large and small cells indicated that axonal thickness is not the major factor in determining the latency of the responses of the ventromedial hypothalamic neurones to stimulation of the central grey matter.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1984

[A case of transitional cell carcinoma occurring in the bladder and bilateral renal pelvis].

A 41-year-old male patient underwent transurethral resection for multiple bladder tumors in January, 1979. The pathological examination of the specimen revealed non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma G 2. Thereafter, transurethral coagulation and vesical instillation of various antitumor agents were carried out several times for tumor recurrence during the following eight months. X-ray examination for evaluation of macrohematuria, 15 months following the above treatment, showed left renal pelvic tumor. Left total nephro-ureterectomy was performed in July, 1981. However, microhematuria and class V in urine cytology were continuously observed postoperatively. Right total nephroureterectomy, followed by surgery of the internal shunt, was performed in January, 1982, after diagnosis of renal pelvic tumor by further investigation. Under maintenance hemodialysis, vagotomy and pylorus plastic operation were performed for gastroduodenal bleeding after the above surgery. Total cystectomy and urethrectomy along with irradiation during and after surgery were performed for tumor recurrence in November, 1982 and July, 1983 respectively. Unfortunately, the patient died of multiple liver metastasis and gastro-intestinal bleeding in September, 1983. All the tumor specimens showed the same histological characteristics, i.e., transitional cell carcinoma G 3. Twenty six Japanese cases of epithelial tumors of the bilateral upper urinary tract are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The polypeptide of a human calicivirus.

Viral particles morphologically resembling animals caliciviruses in the faeces of a patient with acute gastroenteritis were purified, radiolabeled with [125I], and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A single major structural protein with a mol. mass 62,000 daltons was identified by immunoprecipitation technique. The finding is consistent with human calicivirus-like particles associated with gastroenteritis being a member of the family Caliciviridae.

Caliciviridae↗
PubMed1983

Microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of human calicivirus in stools.

A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for detection of human calicivirus in stool specimens. Seventy-eight stool specimens were tested by RIA. All 17 specimens positive for human calicivirus by electron microscopy (EM) were also positive by RIA. In addition, of 21 specimens obtained from an outbreak of caliciviral gastroenteritis, 11 were positive by RIA but negative by EM. Of 20 specimens positive for rotavirus by EM and 20 nondiarrheic specimens with no virus, 2 and 1, respectively, were positive by RIA but were subsequently shown to be falsely positive by a blocking test. There was no cross-reaction between human and feline caliciviruses. Thus, the test was more sensitive than EM and, with an appropriate blocking test, was specific for human calicivirus. It might be especially useful for screening large numbers of stool specimens.

Caliciviridae↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of the lordosis reflex of female rats by LHRH, its antiserum and analogs in the mesencephalic central gray.

Effects of intracerebral infusion of LHRH and related compounds on the lordosis reflex were examined in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated female rats. Lordosis, triggered either by manual cutaneous stimulation or by male mounting, was facilitated by the infusion of LHRH dissolved in saline into the mesencephalic central gray at midcollicular levels (CG). Infusion of an anti-LHRH globulin into the CG disrupted lordosis. Pretreatment with estrogen was necessary to obtain the behavioral facilitation by LHRH infusion. In separate experiments, placement of cannulae containing LHRH in an agar-saline gel in the CG also facilitated lordosis behavior. LHRH analogs applied to the CG by this method showed a clear dissociation between their behavioral effects and their reported effects on LH release. Cellular mechanisms involved in the mediation of LHRH effect in midbrain for the facilitation of lordosis may be different from those in gonadotrophs for LH release.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[A case of an incompletely duplicated ventral urethra].

A ventral incomplete duplicated urethra was found in a 20-year-old male. The accessory urethra lay ventral to and in parallel with the normal urethra. The external orifice of the accessory urethra was also ventral to the orifice of the normal urethra in the glans. On the other hand, the accessory urethra was closed near the bulbar region, and an abscess was found at the dead end. The accessory urethra, which was 9 cm long, was surgically removed. Histopathologically, the luminal surface was covered with a stratified squamous epithelium; and, smooth muscle and spongy tissue were observed around the accessory urethra. The classification of the duplicated urethra is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intramolecular interaction of thymine and adenine bases in synthetic oligo- and polynucleotide models.

Four types of oligomer systems, ranging from monomers to hexamers, of linear polyethyleneimine derivatives having pendant thymine or adenine bases were prepared. In order to evaluate the intramolecular interaction between the pendant nucleic acid bases, ultraviolet spectra at various pH regions and proton NMR spectra at various temperatures were measured. The results on UV hypochromicities and pKa values led to the clarification of such interaction between the bases: adenine bases can be prone to interact intramolecularly by stacking, while the interaction between thymine bases is not due to stacking, but due only to residual interaction which takes place between neighboring chromophores.

Adenine↗