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Y Sakata

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakata.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Phase II study of epirubicin in inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer].

A phase II clinical trial of epirubicin, a new anthracycline anticancer antibiotic, was carried out in 41 patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer. Epirubicin was administered by i.v. injection; the dosages were either 40-60 mg/m2 every three weeks (Regimen A) or 20-30 mg/m2/day for 3 days every three weeks (Regimen B). Twenty-one patients were entered into Regimen A, and 20 into Regimen B. Of 31 evaluable patients, 16% (5/31) experienced objective response (PR); i.e., 20% (three of 15) treated with Regimen A and 13% (two of 16) with Regimen B, showing that there was no significant difference in the rate of response between the two regimens. Adverse effects observed were relatively mild in most cases and included anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis and alopecia. Tachycardia and extrasystole were observed in 3 cases but disappeared upon discontinuation of the treatment. In conclusion, epirubicin seemed to have therapeutic activity comparable to that of doxorubicin in gastric cancer while being less toxic than doxorubicin, and is expected to become a better alternative to the latter drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders].

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotiam in neonates and premature infants].

Single doses of cefotiam (CTM) by bolus injection of 20 mg/kg of CTM were given to 17 neonates and premature babies (11 prematures) and plasma and urine CTM levels as well as urinary recovery rates of CTM were determined. The CTM was also evaluated clinically with regard to therapeutic and protective effects, bacteriological efficacy as well as safety. A mean daily dose of 56.6 mg/kg of CTM was given intravenously in 2 to 4 divided doses for an average of 8 days to 11 neonates and prematures consisting of 1 case with pneumonia, 2 suspected septicemia, 3 urinary tract infections and 5 for prophylaxis against infections. (In the 6 babies evaluated for clinical effects, a mean dose of 59.8 mg/kg/day of CTM was given for an average 9 days). The findings of these studies are summarized below: The mean peak plasma level of 2 cases of 4-7 day-old neonates was 32.3 mcg/ml 5 minutes after injection. The mean AUC was 96.6 mcg X hr/ml, and the mean half-life was 2.12 hours. In 3 of the 4 neonates of 8-14 day-old group, the mean peak plasma level of 55.6 mcg/ml was obtained after 5 minutes. The mean AUC was 63.0 mcg X hr/ml and the mean half-life was 0.82 hour. Compared to the 4-7 day-old group, AUC was smaller and half-life was shorter in this group. In premature infants, plasma CTM levels were determined in 2, 1, 1, 5 and 2 cases of the 0-3, 4-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-28 day-old infants, respectively. In the 8-14 day-old group and one of 15-21 day-old group, peak plasma levels were obtained after 15 minutes. Peak plasma levels in the remaining groups, were attained after 5 minutes. Peak plasma levels in the 5 groups were 40.7, 48.4, 33.9, 38.1 and 45.3 mcg/ml, respectively. Mean or individual AUC's obtained after excluding markedly varying values from the respective groups were 122.0, 96.2, 65.2, 72.8 and 60.4 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. With the increasing age, the AUC tended to decrease. Mean or individual half-lives were 2.31, 1.47, 1.28, 1.41 and 0.96 hours, respectively, showing a tendency to decrease with increasing age. In 6 neonates, high urinary levels continued up to 6 hours after administration. Mean 6-hour urine recoveries in the 4-7 and 8-14 day-old groups were 16.6% and 43.0%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftazidime in neonates and premature infants].

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was administered to 24 neonates and premature infants aged 0-31 days in a dose of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg by an intravenous bolus injection, and plasma concentration, urinary concentration and urinary recovery rate during the first 6 hours after the administration were determined. The CAZ was also administered to a total of 43 patients consisting of neonates, premature infants and infants at ages ranging from 0 day to 1 year 9 months (21 suffering or suspectedly suffering with various bacterial infections, and 22 treated for prophylaxis of infections), by intravenous bolus injections in a mean daily dose of 59.6 mg/kg in 2 to 4 divided doses for 9 days on the average. The clinical efficacy, prophylactic effects and bacteriological response were evaluated. Adverse effects of the drug were examined in 65 cases including 22 drop-out cases, and in some of them, abnormal laboratory findings were also examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Patients given 10 mg/kg of CAZ were divided into 5 groups on the basis of age: 0-3 days, 4-7 days, 8-14 days, 15-21 days, and 29 days and older, and mean peak plasma concentrations of CAZ were 40.7, 43.1, 37.1, 38.0 and 35.6 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 5 minutes after administration, with no significant difference. Mean AUC values were higher in younger-age groups, i.e. 189.9, 170.8, 159.1, 135.3 and 134.4 micrograms X hr/ml for the 5 different day-age groups, respectively, and mean half-lives of CAZ in plasma tended to be longer in younger-age groups, i.e. 3.16, 3.05, 2.84, 2.44 and 2.43 hours for the 5 groups, respectively. Patients given 20 mg/kg of CAZ were divided into 4 groups also on the basis of age: 0-3 days, 4-7 days, 8-14 days, and 15-21 days, and mean peak plasma concentrations for the 4 day-age groups were 72.9, 73.3, 70.0 and 78.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 5 minutes after administration, without any difference among these groups. Mean AUC values were 429.9, 327.3, 279.3 and 302.1 micrograms X hr/ml for the 4 groups, respectively, with the highest AUC in the youngest-age group. Dose response was observed in mean peak plasma concentrations and mean AUCs when 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg dose groups were compared for similar day-age patients. Mean half-lives of CAZ in plasma were 4.01, 3.51, 3.00 and 3.07 hours, the longest being in the youngest-age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of S6472 and cefaclor on bacterial flora in adult human feces].

S6472 is a mixture of cefaclor (CCL) granules with gastric-soluble coating and those with enteric-soluble coating at the ratio (in potency) of 4 to 6. With administration of this formulation, a prolonged blood level of CCL is obtained. S6472 and CCL were administered orally to 19 healthy male volunteers between 20 and 27 years of age (mean: 23 years) weighing between 51 and 80 kg (mean: 64.7 kg). Four subjects were given 2 capsules and 5 subjects were given 4 capsules each containing 187.5 mg of S6472, 30 minutes after breakfast and supper for 5 days. Five subjects were given 1 capsule and 5 subjects were given 2 capsules each containing 250 mg of CCL 30 minutes after breakfast, lunch and supper for 5 days. The number of fecal bacteria was examined 5 days before the start of administration, the day of the start of administration, 3 and 5 days after the start of administration, and 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of administration. Concentration of CCL in feces and susceptibility of isolated fecal bacteria (at the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml) to CCL were examined. Adverse reactions and the effects on laboratory test values were also checked. In 4 subjects receiving 375 mg of S6472 twice a day, the mean population of E. coli was 10(7)-10(9) cells/g feces on all days of observation. There was no effect on the population of Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. Enterobacter sp. and other Enterobacteriaceae. The mean population of all Enterobacteriaceae was 10(8)-10(9) cells/g feces on all days of observation. The population of other Gram-negative bacilli did not show a consistent change, either. There was no effect on the population of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus, sp., Micrococcus sp., and of Candida sp. Among anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides sp. showed the mean population of 10(10) cells/g feces on all days of examination. C. difficile was isolated from 2 subjects out of 4 at the level of 10(2)-10(3) cells/g feces 5 days after the start of administration and 3 days after the end of administration. However, there was no production of toxin in either of the 2 subjects. In another subject, C. difficile was isolated at 10(2)-10(4) cells/g feces with a toxin titre of 10(-3)-10(-4) 3 and 5 days after the start of administration and 10 days after the end of administration. The total population of anaerobic bacteria was 10(10)-10(11) cells/g feces on all days of examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of sulpiride against nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy compared with domperidone--envelope method].

Sulpiride, which has been utilized as an antipeptic ulcer and antidepressant in Japan, is one of the dopamine antagonists, and is considered to have anti vomiting activity. We designed a comparative controlled study of Sulpiride and Domperidone, against nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy. A total of 69 cases were entered into this study, 34 cases being treated with Sulpiride at a dose of 100 mg i.v. or i.m. (S group), and 35 cases being treated with Domperidone at a dose of 10 mg i.v. (D group), before and after chemotherapy. Three cases from the S group and 4 cases from the D group were excluded from this study because of differences in the administration schedule. There was no difference in patient characteristics between the two groups, such as age, sex, original disease and antitumor agents. According to our criteria 27 of 31 cases in the S group showed effectiveness of the agent against nausea and vomiting (87%), while in the D group, 24 cases showed effectiveness (77%). There was no statistical difference between them, and no side effects were found in either group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of cefminox on bacterial flora in human adult feces].

Cefminox (CMNX), a new cephamycin, was administered by one shot intravenous injection twice daily with a dose of 1,000 mg each time for 5 days to seven healthy male volunteers whose ages ranged from 21 to 28 years (mean: 25 years) and body weights were from 60 to 92 kg mean: 72 kg). The effect of the drug on fecal bacterial flora was investigated and the concentrations of the drug in feces were measured on 5th day before the treatment, on 0, 3rd, and 5th day (the final day of the treatment) during the treatment, and on 3rd, 5th, and 10th day after the treatment. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of CMNX, cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefotaxime (CTX) against several strains of organisms isolated from feces of the seven volunteers were performed. Clinical adverse reactions and effect on laboratory examinations were also investigated. The results of the study are described as follows. Among Enterobacteriaceae, populations of E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp. temporarily disappeared during the treatment of CMNX. After 5-day-treatment, that of Citrobacter sp. transiently increased and the isolation of Enterobacter sp. increased during treatment and up to 5 days after treatment, while those of Proteus sp., H. alvei, or Serratia sp. did not show a definite change. The mean Enterobacteriaceae population in general was 10(8) to 10(9) cells/g feces, showing almost no variation, on all examination days except 5th day during treatment when these organisms were not isolated from only one subject. No remarkable change was not found in populations of other isolated organisms including Gram-negative bacilli; Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp., and Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Candida sp. Among anaerobes, the mean population of Bacteroides sp. was 10(10) to 10(11) cells/g feces, showing almost no variation, and C. difficile was not isolated from any subject, however the toxin was detected in samples from 5 of 7 subjects; one subject showed always positive for toxin on all examination days; 1 on 5th day during treatment to 10th day after treatment; 2 on 5th and 10th day after treatment, and 1 only on 10th day after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of orally administered lenampicillin and ampicillin on bacterial flora in human adult feces].

Newly developed lenampicillin (LAPC) which is a prodrug of ampicillin (ABPC), and ampicillin (as the control) were each administered to 6 healthy male volunteers, aged from 21 to 25 years (mean 22.4 years) and weighing 57-78 kg (mean 67.0 kg) to study the effect of LAPC and ABPC on fecal bacterial flora. Each drug was given orally 3 times daily (after meals) with each dose of 250 mg for five days. Changes of the fecal bacterial flora caused by the antibiotic were investigated by determining fecal bacterial counts on the 3rd day before the treatment, 0 (the start of treatment), 3rd and 5th days (the final day of treatment) during treatment, and 3rd, 5th and 10th days after the treatment. Fecal concentrations of LAPC and the metabolites (ABPC, 2-aminobenzyl penicilloic acid (ABPA) and 5S-ABPA) for the LAPC group and ABPC for the ABPC group were assayed. A single dose of 500 mg of LAPC was administered orally after breakfast to additional 6 healthy male volunteers and concentrations of LAPC, metabolites (ABPC, ABPA and 5S-ABPA) in the entire stool were determined daily for 5 successive days after the administration. Clinical adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory-findings caused by either drug were studied in the 18 volunteers. The results obtained are summarized as follows. In the bacterial flora of the 6 volunteers to whom LAPC was administered (the LAPC group), the number of isolated E. coli showed no tend of decrease. Mean bacterial counts obtained 3 days before the treatment and at the day of the treatment were 10(9) and 10(8) cells/g, respectively. These values were compared to the counts obtained on the 3rd and the 5th days during the treatment and were found to be about 10(2)-folds as high as the latter. The decreased counts observed on the 3rd and the 5th days did not last and counts increased again to similar levels observed before the treatment. Klebsiella sp. was isolated from 1 or 2 samples before the treatment. It was isolated from as many as 5-6 cases with mean bacterial counts of 10(7)-10(11) cells/g during and up to 5 days after the treatment. The frequency of isolation then decreased to 4 cases on the 10th day after the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Compensated DIC].

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Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose hydrocortisone in patients receiving cisplatin therapy].

The effect of high-dose hydrocortisone on the emesis of patients treated with cisplatin was examined by controlled trial on 37 patients and 52 courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin combined with other cytotoxic drugs. Patients received either high-dose hydrocortisone or standard-dose of conventional antiemetics 30 minutes before chemotherapy, 4 hours after chemotherapy, and an additional dose was followed 8 hours after chemotherapy in some instances. Hydrocortisone in a dosage of 900-1,800 mg reduced cisplatin-induced nausea, vomiting and anorexia significantly when the dose of cisplatin was less than 20 mg/m2. At the dose of 1,500-2,400 mg, hydrocortisone had no efficacy for the gastro-intestinal toxicity when 30-40 mg/m2 of cisplatin was administered. After the high-dose hydrocortisone treatment for five days successively, the serum immunoglobulin level was lowered significantly. This study showed that high-dose hydrocortisone treatment was effective as an antiemetic in patients given a relatively low dose of cisplatin. However, prolonged use of high-dose steroids should be avoided. Other effective antiemetics such as metoclopramide with concomitant use of hydrocortisone would be helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[A phase I study of VP-16-213 (VP, etoposide) by single and 5-day intravenous administration].

A phase I study of VP was undertaken using the methods of a single (40 cases; range of dose levels 30-540 mg/m2) and 5-day (41 cases; range of dose levels 40-140 mg/m2/day) intravenous administration. The dose-limiting toxicity of VP was moderate to severe leukopenia. MTD was estimated to be 540 mg/m2 for a single and 140 mg/m2/day for 5-day administration. The median days to WBC nadir from the start of therapy and to recovery from reaching the nadir were 10 and 10.5 for single, and 15 and 7 for 5-day administration, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was less frequent and less pronounced than leukopenia. Mild gastrointestinal disturbances and alopecia were frequently observed. Transient hepatic dysfunction, fever, headache, fatigue, dyspnea, hypotension, and pain along the vein were also encountered in a small number of patients. There were no cases with renal, neurologic or cardiac toxicity. Objective tumor regression was seen in one case each of IBL(CR), bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and ATL (PR). The post-infusion plasma decay of VP in 4 cases given 80-120 mg/m2 by a single administration was biphasic with t1/2 alpha ranging from 0.13 to 0.39 h and t1/2 beta ranging from 3.33 to 4.85 h. No accumulation of VP was found in plasma after five repeated daily doses. Doses of 360-480 mg/m2 by single and 80-100 mg/m2/day by 5-day administration repeated every 3 to 4 weeks can therefore be recommended for phase II studies in good-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Activated protein C stimulates the fibrinolytic activity of cultured endothelial cells and decreases antiactivator activity.

The effects of bovine activated protein C (APC) on the fibrinolytic activity of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were investigated. Confluent monolayers were incubated with purified APC under various conditions and changes in total fibrinolytic activity and in the level of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor (antiactivator) were monitored. The addition of APC to the cells in the absence of other blood or plasma components led to a rapid, dose-dependent increase of fibrinolytic activity both in the media and in cellular extracts. For example, 3.4 micrograms of APC per ml resulted in a 15-fold increase of fibrinolytic activity in the medium within 1 hour. The enhanced fibrinolytic activity reflected increases in both the urokinase-related and tissue-type plasminogen activators produced by these cells. Interestingly, treatment of cells with APC also caused a rapid, dose-dependent decrease in antiactivator activity. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inactivated APC did not decrease antiactivator or increase plasminogen activator. Although a small but significant direct (i.e., cell-independent) effect of APC on both fibrinolytic activity and antiactivator activity could be demonstrated, the major portion of these changes appeared to be cell-mediated. These observations indicate that the fibrinolytic potential of cultured endothelial cells is increased by APC and that the enzyme active site is essential for this change. Moreover, the results suggest that one of the primary mechanisms for this stimulation of endothelial cell fibrinolytic activity involves an APC-mediated decrease in antiactivator.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antimicrobial therapy of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with different susceptibilities to penicillin.

The pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacies of penicillin G, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and imipenem were determined in rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with different penicillin susceptibilities. Drug dosages were adjusted to attain peak concentrations in serum that were similar to those observed in infants and children. In animals infected with a penicillin-susceptible (MBC, 0.008 micrograms/ml) pneumococcus, penicillin G and ceftriaxone reduced the number of organisms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by greater than or equal to 4.14 log10 CFU/ml after single doses and after 9-h continuous infusions. A single large dose (50 mg/kg) of penicillin G was comparatively ineffective (-2.15 log10 CFU/ml) against a relatively penicillin-resistant (MBC, 0.5 micrograms/ml) strain, whereas ceftriaxone therapy resulted in a 3.66- and 4.77-log10 CFU/ml reduction after single doses and 9-h continuous infusions, respectively. In animals in which meningitis was caused by a penicillin-resistant (MBC, 8.0 micrograms/ml) pneumococcus, a single dose of penicillin (50 or 150 mg/kg) or of ceftriaxone failed to lower the number of organisms in CSF. Vancomycin and imipenem reduced the counts in CSF by at least 2.19 and 4.10 log10 CFU/ml after single doses and 9-h infusions, respectively. In all experiments, a bactericidal titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 in CSF was necessary to achieve a maximal bacteriological effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Aztreonam therapy in experimental meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b and Escherichia coli K1.

The penetration of aztreonam into cerebrospinal fluid was 7 to 15% and 9 to 25%, respectively, in experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b and Escherichia coli K1 meningitis. Aztreonam was effective in reducing the number of organisms in cerebrospinal fluid after single-dose and continuous infusion administration, and the median bactericidal titers in cerebrospinal fluid were 1:32 against both meningeal pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Kinetic assay of gamma-glutamyltransferase with use of bilirubin oxidase as a coupled enzyme.

We studied the kinetic measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC.2.3.2.2), coupling the reaction with that catalyzed by bilirubin oxidase (EC 1.3.3.5), which oxidizes and combines a phenylenediamine derivative with an aniline derivative to produce a green pigment. We measured the formation of the pigment kinetically (at lambda max745 nm, epsilon = 75 000 L mol-1 cm-1), with L-gamma-glutamyl-N-hydroxyethylaminoanilide as substrate and N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine as a the coupling derivative. The within-run CV for measuring this reaction in samples of normal sera was 2.4%. A calibration plot of the change in absorbance per minute vs enzyme activity concentration showed good proportionality in the range of 0-1300 U/L. The results of this assay correlated well (r = 0.995) with those of the Boehringer method, in which L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide is the substrate. This new, highly sensitive procedure may be adapted to other assays involving phenylenediamine derivates as synthetic substrates.

Glycylglycine↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefminox in children].

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotic, was administered intravenously as one shot injection at 3 different dosages of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 9 children; for each dose level 3 children were used. In these children serum and urinary concentrations as well as recovery rates were determined. In addition, in order to determine clinical and bacteriological efficacies of CMNX, it was used in the treatment of 37 cases of various infections consisting of 2 cases of acute tonsillitis, 1 case of acute tonsillitis associated with otitis media, 1 case of acute bronchitis, 1 case of chronic bronchitis, 20 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pneumonia associated with otitis media, 8 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of gluteal abscess. The drug was administered intravenously as one shot injection at a mean daily dosage of 76.6 mg/kg, in 4 divided doses in most cases, for a mean period of 6 days. Finally, in 43 cases added of 6 drop out cases which were included in analysis of efficacy side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were examined. The following results were obtained. In 9 cases, which received CMNX at 3 different dosages of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3 cases each intravenously as one shot injection, mean serum concentrations reached the peaks of 109.4, 218.1 and 357.1 mcg/ml at 5 minutes after injection, respectively, showing dose response relation. The mean half-lives were 1.74, 1.62 and 1.84 hours, respectively. The mean concentrations of CMNX in urine in the same cases as used for determinations of serum concentrations were highest during the 0 approximately 2 hours period, reaching 1,582, 3,304 and 4,618 mcg/ml at the respective doses. The mean recoveries within the first 6 hours were 82.8, 69.8 and 81.3%, the rate for 20 mg/kg group being lower than those obtained for the other groups. This is possibly due to 1 case which showed unusually low recovery rate of 44.4%. When this case is excluded, the recovery rates became similar for all groups. As to clinical results, responses rated as good or higher were obtained for 91.9% of the cases (34 cases/37 cases), with high efficacy rate. No side effects were seen in 43 cases included of drop out cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) on bacterial flora in human feces].

BRL 25000 (187.5 and 375 mg tablets), a formulation of CVA-K and AMPC in the ratio of 1:2, and AMPC (as control drug) were administered to healthy volunteers, aged 20 approximately 28 years and weighing 60 approximately 85 kg (68.8 kg, on average). Each drug was administered 3 times a day (after meals) for 5 days and the volunteers were separated into 3 groups of 4 subjects each. The effect on the fecal flora was studied before dosage, during administration (day 3 and 5) and day 3 and 5 after the administration course was completed. Studies were undertaken to isolate C. difficile on the last day of administration and 3 and 5 days after administration had ceased. Fecal concentrations and the susceptibility of the isolates to AMPC, CVA-K and BRL 25000 were measured. Side effects and laboratory findings were studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In BRL 25000 (187.5 mg X 3/day) group, the population of E. coli was on average, 1 X 10(6) approximately 9 X 10(6) cells/g feces before initiation of administration and it increased by 2 logarithms 3 and 5 days after initiation of administration. By 3 and 5 days after end of administration, the E. coli population was similar to the initial population. The population of Klebsiella sp. was 1 X 10(6) approximately 9 X 10(6) cells/g feces on average before commencement of dosage and it increased by 2 logarithms 3 days after initiation of administration but there was no consistent change in the Klebsiella sp. population thereafter. The Enterobacter sp., population was not consistent neither was the population of other Enterobacteriaceae. In total, the mean Enterobacteriaceae population was 1 X 10(7) approximately 9 X 10(7) cells/g feces before initiation of administration and increased by 2 logarithms 3 days after initiation of administration, and then returned to the initial level 5 days after end of administration. No consistent changes in population were noted for the other Gram-negative bacilli. The Staphylococcus sp. population was 1 X 10(6) approximately 9 X 10(6) cells/g feces on average before initiation of administration. This organism was detected in only 1 case 3 days after initiation of administration and in another 5 days after initiation of administration, thereafter, the population was similar to the initial population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗