Biomedical subjects
Y Sakamoto
Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakamoto.
Incomplete projection, a new defense mechanism--an experience in Japan.
Through my clinical experiences, the symptom which is explained as a defense mechanism, projection, seems to be divided into complete (Freud) and incomplete one. One is the patient who accepts the symptom which is quite unfamiliar (Projection) and the other, as I tried to explain in this paper, accepts the symptom as rather familiar. The patient who shows the incomplete projection could not project his own inner anxiety completely into the outside world, which results as a guilty feeling even having projective symptoms. The idea of incomplete projection is a useful way to understand clinically the patient and also I found that the patient who shows the symptom of projection sometimes has the incomplete type of projection through the course of psychotherapy.
[Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration in diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism (author's transl)].
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A new device for selective hysterography and its application to diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.
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Negative inotropic effect of beta-blockers in the guinea-pig atrium after preincubation with isoprenaline.
In the isolated guinea-pig atrium, pretreated with a high concentration of isoprenaline (8 x 10(-7) M), beta-blockers produced a marked negative inotropic effect in a concentration which by itself was too low to have a direct depressing action. No negative inotropic effect was caused by isoprenaline when beta-blockers were applied first. The depressing action of beta-blockers was unaffected by phentolamine or atropine. During the depression, the electrical parameters of the action potential were not significantly different from those of the control, though the contractions were much smaller than control ones. The negative inotropic effect of beta-blockers was weaker in excess Ca (7.5--10 mM). The observations indicate that isoprenaline possesses a dual action but that the negative inotropic effect is usually masked by the positive inotropic effect and that beta-blockers, by quickly abolishing the positive inotropic effect, reveal the underlying negative inotropic effect.
An extra idic(15p)(q11) chromosome in Prader-Willi syndrome.
Using a nonfluorescent AT-specific oligopeptide antibiotic, Distamycin A, on DAPI fluorescent banding of human chromosome (DA-DAPI) as described by Schweizer et al. (1978), we have detected an additional idic(15p) chromosome in a patient with typical Prader-Willi syndrome. On the basis of the evidence available in previous studies and of our own present results, we suspect that the fundamental genetic error in the syndrome is not caused by a chromosome aberration but by a gene aberration on chromosome 15.
The role of gastric glucagon immunoreactivity in pancreatectomized dogs.
Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) or glucagon immunoreactivity is known to be increased in the plasma of insulin-deprived pancreatectomized dogs, most of it originating in the stomach. We attempted to clarify the extent to which gastric IRG is involved in glycogenolysis in the liver of insulin-deprived, pancreatectomized dogs. Mongrel dogs underwent total pancreatectomy. IRG levels in portal vein blood increased to 760 +/- 186 pg/ml on the 4th postoperative day while the insulin levels were negligible. On the 4th postoperative day some of the dogs underwent total gastrectomy. IRG levels in the portal vein blood of pancreatectomized dogs decreased from 760 +/- 186 pg/ml to 135 +/- 44 pg/ml one hour after gastrectomy. Glucose containing insulin was then infused into both pancreatectomized and pancreatectomized-gastrectomized grups of dogs. Glycogen synthesis in the liver during glucose and insulin infusion was much the same in both groups. However, glycogen degradation after glucose and insulin infusion was completely suppressed in pancreatectomized dogs without a stomach while pancreatectomized dogs alone showed marked glycogenolysis in the liver. No difference in portal IRI and blood sugar level was found in both groups while a marked difference in portal IRG were observed. These findings indicate that the IRG released from the stomach plays a significant role i glycogen metabolism in pancreatectomized dogs.
The physicochemical nature and biological function of extrapancreatic immunoreactive glucagon.
The physicochemical nature and biological function of extrapancreatic immunoreactive glucagon in the plasma of totally pancreatectomized dogs were studied. The experimental animals were divided into two groups. Group A received only total pancreatectomy while group B had total pancreatectomy plus total gastrectomy. The blood was taken from both groups of dogs and glucagon was extracted using acid alcohol. The amount of IRG contained in the plasma extract was measured and the glycogenolytic activity of the plasma extract was studied using a rat-liver perfusion. The plasma extract from group A showed almost the same glycogenolytic activity as a commercial beef-pork glucagon but the plasma extract from group B manifested no glycogenolytic activity. The plasma from both groups were fractionated using column chromatography and their physicochemical nature was compared. The IRG in the plasma from group A was fractionated into 3 types, molecular weight 9000, 7000 and 3500, while the IRG in the plasma from group B was found to be of M.W. 9000 and 7000. These results lead to the following conclusions: 1) Extrapancreatic IRG in the plasma is fractionated into three types. 2) The glycogenolytic activity of extrapancreatic IRG is assumed to depend on the IRG fraction of molecular weight 3500. 3) Most of the extrapancreatic IRG fraction of M.W. 3500 originates in the stomach.
Nutritional significance of increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase in mouse liver before birth.
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A low-molecular-weight translocation modulator and its interaction with a macromolecular translocation inhibitor of the activated receptor-glucocorticoid complex.
When rat liver cytoplasm free of glucocorticoid receptors was dialyzed, its inhibitory effect on nuclear uptake or binding of already "activated" receptor-glucocorticoid complex increased. A macromolecular fraction and a low-molecular-weight fraction separated from the cytoplasm by gel filtration both inhibited nuclear uptake or binding of the activated complex. The macromolecular fraction was much more inhibitory than the low-molecular-weight fraction. When the two components were mixed, their inhibitory effects decreased. These results suggest that, in addition to the macromolecular translocation inhibitor(s) known to be present in rat liver cytoplasm, there is a low-molecular-weight factor(s) which is also involved in the process of translocation of the activated receptor-glucocorticoid complex to the nucleus. The mechanism of action of this modulator is unknown, but its inhibitory effect seems to be due to its direct interaction with the activated receptor-steroid complex.
[A case of Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia in a patient with monocytic leukemia (author's transl)].
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Hepatitis B virus associated particles in the bile canaliculus.
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Determination of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen by radioimmunoassay in chronic liver disease.
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was measured by radioimmunoassay using CORAB (Abbott Laboratories) in 10 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 46 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH), 33 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) and 53 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in relation to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs). Ninety-eight point four percent of patients with HBsAg and 93.8% of patients with anti-HBs were positive for anti-HBc and the titers of anti-HBc in patients with HBsAg were significantly higher than those with anti-HBs. Thirty-five point five percent of patients negative for either HBsAg or anti-HBs were positive for anti-HBc. The titers of anti-HBc in patients with CPH, CAH and LC were relatively low, whereas 7 (46.8%) of the HCC patients negative for either HBsAg or anti-HBc had high titers of anti-HBc. The significance of the presence of anti-HBc alone is discussed.
Electron microscopic observation of hepatitis B virus budding from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi.
In electron microscopic observation of a liver biopsy obtained from a hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patient, noncoated core particles were occasionally seen budding into the hepatocytic cisterni and many Dane particles were found in the pericanalicular vesicles of hepatocytes. Noncoated core particles were also localized in clusters within the bleb of microvilli. There were some core particles being protruded from microvilli into the lumen of bile canaliculi by budding. These findings suggest hepatitis B virus being released from the hepatocyte to the bile canaliculi by two different modes; through vesicle by reversed phagocytosis and from the microvilli by budding.
Immunoelectron microscopic observation of hepatitis B surface antigen on the surface of liver cells from patients with hepatitis B virus infection.
A recently modified method using peroxidase labeled antibodies for light and electron microscopic demonstration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was applied to the evaluation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the surface of liver cells in biopsy specimens from 24HBsAg chronic carriers. Membranous distribution of HBsAg was demonstrated in diffuse or scattered hepatocytes in all 4 asymptomatic carriers and in 3 of the 20 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. In these patients with membranous expression of HBsAg, hepatitis B e antigen, Dane particles and DNA polymerase were often detected in sera, and large amounts of hepatitis B core antigen appeared in the liver. These results suggest that membrane-bound HBsAg may be expressed by the HBV genome. The ultrastructural study of liver cells showing membranous expression disclosed dense deposits of reaction product indicative of HBsAg on the cell membrane and/or on assembled particles within the extracellular space. In some hepatocytes showing both diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous expression of HBsAg, HBsAg-positive membrane of cisternae open to the intercellular space was connected with the liver cell membrane. These findings supported the conjecture that HBV associated antigens are integrated into the liver cell membrane.
Aminotransferase activities and involution of the thymus in rats bearing AH 130 tumors.
Involution of the thymus was observed in rats bearing AH 130 (solid-type) tumors. The thymus weight decreased with tumor growth. Daily injection of a pharmacological dose of hydrocortisone into normal rats resulted in involution of the thymus and marked increase in alanine aminotransferase activity. This treatment also caused slight increase in the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase but not of aspartate aminotransferase in these animals. Involution of the thymus in tumor-bearing rats, however, was not accompanied by appreciable increases in the activities of these aminotransferases, even at an advanced stage of tumor growth when the plasma corticosterone level was very high and significant increase in the activities of all these enzymes was observed in the liver. Further, additional injections of hydrocortisone into rats with tumors weighing more than 5% of the body weight did not cause any appreciable change in alanine aminotransferase activity in the thymus, although in rats with smaller tumors it slightly increased the enzyme activity in the thymus. Furthermore, in normal rats, increase in alanine aminotransferase activity in the thymus with involution of the glands was observed with a dose of corticosterone close to the physiological range attained in rats with tumors in an advanced stage.
Identification of type A and type C virus particles in BF murine osteosarcoma.
Two types of virus particles, intracisternal type A and extracellular type C with budding, were detected in the same cells of BF osteosarcoma, its cultured cell lines, and their BFO tumors in CBA mice. The type C particles were approximately 100 microns in diameter. The buoyant density of the virions was 1.16g/ml in sucrose and 1.07 g/ml in Ficoll. A 72S RNA was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis, but no DNA was detected. Reverse transcriptase activity was also demonstrated in detergent-treated virions. Thus, the particles seem to be RNA virus. Cellular transformation and focus formation were observed after rat and mouse embryo cell monolayers were infected with the virus. The same kind of osteosarcoma was produced by inoculation of cloned transformed cells (BFOSV) of CBA embryo cells into CBA mice. Thus, the virus seems to be an oncornavirus.