[Methods for the assessment of body fat and its clinical usefulness].
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Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Sakamoto
Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakamoto.
The early phase of calcipenia-induced parathyroid hormone secretion is blunted in vasculary perfused parathyroid glands of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
OBJECTIVES: To study effects of diabetes mellitus on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, the rat parathyroid glands were perfused via the bilateral carotic arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetic rats showed plasma glucose levels above 30 mmol/l, but no change in plasma PTH concentration, 14 days after an administration of 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin was used for perfusate. Perfusate calcium was lowered from 2.5 mmol/l to 0.5 mmol/l. RESULTS: In the normal rat parathyroid glands, PTH secretion was promptly evoked by calcipenia (from below 0.25 ng for 2.5 min in the perfusion with normal calcium to 0.73 +/- 0.17 ng during calcipenia time 0-2.5 min), and slightly decreased (0.51 +/- 0.12 ng during calcipenia time 2.5-5 min), and then increased (0.75 +/- 0.16 ng during calcipenia time 7.5-10 min). Diabetes abolished the early phase of PTH secretion (below 0.25 ng during calcipenia time 0-2.5 min), but did not affect the late phase of PTH secretion (0.64 +/- 0.14 ng during calcipenia time 7.5-10 min). Insulin treatment with 25 U/kg daily for 14 days completely normalized the early phase of PTH secretion. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that an insulin-deficient diabetes, not quantitatively but qualitatively, impaires the PTH secretion.
Animals↗
[Effect of fluticasone propionate at half dose of beclomethasone dipropionate divided twice daily and once daily in asthmatics inhaling beclomethasone dipropionate 800 micrograms daily or more].
We conducted a 12 weeks' single-arm prospective study comparing beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 1/2 doses of fluticasone propionate (FP) twice daily and the same dose of FP once daily in 47 asthmatics who had been inhaling BDP 800 mcg daily or more. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEV1, a symptom score and a frequency of beta 2 agonist were all significantly better in FP twice daily phase than BDP phase (329 vs. 306 L/min, 1.87 vs. 1.76 L, 3.6 vs. 6.0/week and 2.7 vs. 4.5 puffs/day, respectively). There was no significant difference in these endpoints between FP twice daily phase and FP once daily phase. FP twice daily produced better plumonary function and symptom relief than the double doses of BDP. Furthermore, FP twice daily could, at least in a short-term basis, safely be changed into the same doses of FP once daily.
Administration, Inhalation↗
[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by a factory humidifier. A case report].
A 64-year-old man was hospitalized for productive cough and dyspnea. Both chest radiographs and CT scans showed areas of ground-glass opacity in the middle and lower lung fields on both sides. The BAL and TBLB findings were compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The serum was negative for antibodies against Trichosporon species, and the result of a lymphocyte stimulating test for administered drugs including a Chinese medicine was also negative. A humidifier was suspected as the cause because it had been used for more than 10 years in the factory where the patient had been working. An inhalation test using the humidifier fluid successfully provoked dyspnea, fever and fine crackle, and laboratory tests demonstrated hypoxemia, reduction in vital capacity and the elevation of CRP. Agar gel diffusion using the patient's serum showed a precipitating line against Cephalosporium acremonium, but this line did not fuse with any precipitating line formed between the humidifier fluid and the serum, indicating that no Cephalosporium was Present in the humidifier fluid. Since a high level of beta-D glucan was detected in the humidifier fluid, an unidentified fungus was suspected to be the antigen.
Acremonium↗
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with juvenile glaucoma.
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Adult↗
[Surgical techniques for vascular reconstruction of the portal vein and hepatic artery in living-donor liver transplantation].
To decide how to reconstruct the portal vein and hepatic artery for liver transplantation, anatomical variation, diameter, length, and injury to vessels during surgery, and the quality of recipient vessels should be considered. Hence, it is of key importance for donor and recipient surgeries to prepare adequate vessels for reconstruction. For reconstruction of the portal vein, anastomosis with as large a diameter as possible is required to obtain good portal flow. In cases with sclerosing stenosis and old thrombus, technical innovations such as branch-patch, a conduit using a vein graft, and venoplasty using a venous patch are necessary. For reconstruction of the hepatic artery, selecting a satisfactory recipient artery, overcoming size mismatch, and gentle handling of a recipient artery with pathological changes are important. Arteries smaller than 3 mm are anastomosed with a surgical microscope using the united suture technique. The fishmouth technique or funnelization technique can be used for anastomoses with a significant size mismatch, and an autoarterial graft is used when arteries do not reach each other.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Functional alteration of brain dopaminergic system in isolated aggressive mice.
The present study examined the effects of social isolation on cortical dopamine (DA) release in vivo and on brain DA receptor functions to study the possible involvement of cortical DA neurons in an antiaggressive effect of the serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonist (S)-5-[3-[(1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino] propoxy]-1,3-benzodioxole HCl (MKC-242). MKC-242 and the DA receptor agonist apomorphine reduced aggressive behavior in isolated mice. MKC-242 increased cortical DA release in vivo in mice, and the effect was antagonized by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide. The basal level of extracellular DA in the frontal cortex was higher in isolated mice than in grouped mice. MKC-242-induced and high K(+)-induced increases in the cortical DA release were less pronounced in isolated mice than in grouped mice. The effect of apomorphine on locomotor activity was more pronounced in isolated mice than in grouped mice. These findings suggest that the isolation stress enhances cortical DA release and the brain DA receptor function and reduces the responses of the dopaminergic terminals to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation and high K(+)-induced depolarization.
Aggression↗
Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials.
Mesostructured composite materials, with features ranging from 20 to 500 A in size, are obtained by the kinetically controlled competitive assembly of organic and inorganic species into nanostructured domains. Short-range order is limited, and long-range order is determined by weak forces such as van der Waals or hydrogen-bonding. Three-dimensional mesoporous materials obtained by removing the organic phase are of particular interest for applications such as catalysis and chemical sensing or separation, for which structural features such as cavity shape, connectivity and ordered bimodal porosity are critical. But atomic-scale structural characterization by the usual diffraction techniques is challenging for these partially ordered materials because of the difficulty in obtaining large (> 10 microm) single crystals, and because large repeat spacings cause diffraction intensities to fall off rapidly with scattering angle so that only limited small-angle data are available. Here we present a general approach for the direct determination of three-dimensional mesoporous structures by electron microscopy. The structure solutions are obtained uniquely without pre-assumed models or parametrization. We report high-resolution details of cage and pore structures of periodically ordered mesoporous materials, which reveal a highly ordered dual micro- and mesoscale pore structure.
Journal Article↗
Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding chicken UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc): GlcNAcbeta 1-6(GlcNAcbeta 1-2)- manalpha 1-R[GlcNAc to man]beta 1,4N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI.
A cDNA that encodes UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc):GlcNAcbeta1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2)Manalpha1-R[GlcNA c to Man]beta1, 4N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI (GnT VI), which is responsible for the formation of pentaantennary asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans), has been cloned from a hen oviduct cDNA library based on the partial amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme. The isolated cDNA clone contained an open reading frame encoding 464 amino acids, including all of the peptides that were sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a type II transmembrane topology and contains two potential N-glycosylation sites. The primary structure was found to be significantly similar to human GnT IV-homologue, the gene for which was cloned from the deleted region in pancreatic cancer, and to human and bovine GnT IVs. Chicken GnT VI-transfected COS-1 cells showed a high GnT VI activity (26.8 pmol/h/mg protein), whereas nontransfected, mock-transfected, or human GnT IV-homologue-transfected COS-1 cells had no activity. Northern blot analysis using poly(A)(+) RNA from hen oviduct indicated that the size of GnT VI mRNA is 2.1 kilobases. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that GnT VI mRNA was relatively highly expressed in oviduct, spleen, lung, and colon.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide may function as a neuromodulator in guinea-pig adrenal medulla.
The role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in catecholamine secretion from dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells of the guinea-pig was investigated using amperometry, the patch clamp technique and immunochemistry. Pretreatment of adrenal chromaffin cells with 0.3-10 nM PACAP for 2 min resulted in enhancement of nicotine- and muscarine-induced secretions in either the presence of external Ca2+ ions or nominally Ca2+-free solution, with no change in basal secretion or the holding current at -60 mV in most of the cells tested. Pretreatment with PACAP augmented the muscarine-induced non-selective cation current, but did not affect the muscarine-induced outward current or nicotine-induced current. PACAP-induced enhancement of nicotine- and muscarine-induced secretions was suppressed by the simultaneous application of PACAP and the protein kinase inhibitors 100 microM HA1004 or 2 microM H89. Application of forskolin enhanced both muscarine- and nicotine-induced secretions, whereas application of a phorbol ester augmented the nicotine-induced secretion, but suppressed the muscarine-induced secretion in a reversible manner. Immunohistochemical analysis of adrenal medullae revealed that PACAP-like immunoreactivity was present in nerve fibres surrounding putative chromaffin cells. PAC1R-like immunoreactivity was distributed diffusely in the plasma membrane, whereas nicotinic ACh receptor-like immunoreactivity was concentrated at the plasma membrane near the nucleus, where the synapses were mainly localized. These observations suggest that PACAP in the guinea-pig adrenal medulla functions as a neuromodulator to facilitate ACh-induced secretion through a cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent pathway.
Adrenal Medulla↗
Purification and characterization of UDP-GlcNAc: GlcNAcbeta 1-6(GlcNAcbeta 1-2)Manalpha 1-R [GlcNAc to Man]-beta 1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI from hen oviduct.
A new beta1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT) responsible for the formation of branched N-linked complex-type sugar chains has been purified 64,000-fold in 16% yield from a homogenate of hen oviduct by column chromatography procedures using Q-Sepharose FF, Ni(2+)-chelating Sepharose FF, and UDP-hexanolamine-agarose. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to tetraantennary oligosaccharide and produces pentaantennary oligosaccharide with the beta1-4-linked GlcNAc residue on the Manalpha1-6 arm. It requires a divalent cation such as Mn(2+) and has an apparent molecular weight of 72,000 under nonreducing conditions. The enzyme does not act on biantennary oligosaccharide (GnT I and II product), and beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminylation of the Manalpha1-6 arm (GnT V product) is essential for its activity. This clearly distinguishes it from GnT IV, which is known to generate a beta1-4-linked GlcNAc residue only on the Manalpha1-3 arm. Based on these findings, we conclude that this enzyme is UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAcbeta1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2)Manalpha1-R [GlcNAc to Man]-beta1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI. This is the only known enzyme that has not been previously purified among GnTs responsible for antenna formation on the cores of N-linked complex-type sugar chains.
Animals↗
TEM Studies of Platinum Nanowires Fabricated in Mesoporous Silica MCM-41 A part of this work was supported by CREST, Japan Science and Technology Cooperation.
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Journal Article↗
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with myelin folding and juvenile onset glaucoma.
OBJECTIVE: We describe three patients from a family with motor and sensory neuropathy accompanied by open-angle glaucoma. BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive demyelinating hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) include different disorders. To our knowledge, autosomal recessive HMSN has not been associated with juvenile onset glaucoma. METHODS: Sural nerve pathology of the three patients were examined, and genetic analysis of the family was performed. RESULT: - The most prominent pathologic finding was a highly unusual myelin abnormality consisting of irregular redundant loops and folding of the myelin sheath. The family survey supports autosomal recessive inheritance. The molecular analysis failed to demonstrate either linkage of the disease to MPZ gene, PMP22 gene, Cx32 gene, orEGR2 gene. Analysis did not establish linkage of the disease to the locus of CMT4A, 4B, and 4C genes. CONCLUSION: The present cases may represent a new type of HMSN accompanied by juvenile onset glaucoma.
Adult↗
[Peripancreatic tuberculous lymphadenopathy mimicking pancreatic tumor. Diagnosis by laparoscopic excisional biopsy].
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Adult↗
Upregulation of brain somatostatin and neuropeptide Y following lidocaine-induced kindling in the rat.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a daily injection of 60 mg/kg of lidocaine (> 30 days). Twenty percent of rats developed convulsions (kindled rats) and remaining rats did not show convulsions (non-kindled rats). The level of immunoreactive somatostatin (IR-SRIF) in kindled rats was significantly increased in amygdala than that in non-kindled rats and control rats. Immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (IR-NPY) contents in kindled rats were significantly increased in amygdala, hippocampus, cortex and striatum compared to non-kindled and control rats. The expression of SRIF mRNA in kindled rats produced a significant increase in amygdala, while NPY mRNA in kindled rats showed an elevated expression in both amygdala and hippocampus. These results coincide with the previous findings with the elevated expression of SRIF and NPY mRNA in electrically and pharmacologically kindled models, suggesting the important role of these peptides in the kindling phenomenon.
Amygdala↗
Heterogeneity in the incidence and clinical manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation: a study of 204 cases.
The incidence and clinical manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were examined in patients with a range of underlying disorders. Out of 1,882 patients suspected as having DIC, 204 cases were diagnosed as suffering from DIC and included in this study. The underlying disorders experienced by the patients were solid tumors (33.8%), hematologic malignancies (12.7%), aortic aneurysm (10.8%), infections (6.4%), post-operative complications (4.4%), liver disease (2.9%), obstetric disorders (2.5%), and miscellaneous diseases (26.5%). The incidence of DIC was 10.8% out of all patients suspected of having DIC, and the etiologies were 10.9% in solid tumors, 10.1% in hematological malignancies, 20.4% in aortic aneurysm, 12.7% in infections, 15.5% in post-operative complications, 15.8% in liver disease, 3.7% in obstetric disorders, and 9.8% in miscellaneous diseases. The clinical manifestations of DIC patients were varying dependent on their etiologies. Most DIC patients with aortic aneurysm (95.5%) and post-operative complications (88.9%) did not reveal any clinical manifestations. Although all of the patients with obstetric disorders had bleeding, only 20.0% of the patients had organ failure. In contrast, although only 15.4% of the patients with infections had bleeding, 76.9% of these patients had organ failure. Bleeding was observed in 31.9-50.0% of DIC patients with liver disease, hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors. Organ failure was observed in 21.7-33.3% of DIC patients with liver disease, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Analysis by measurement of plasma levels of antiplasmin and plasmin-antiplasmin complex suggested that excessive fibrinolysis might contribute to the development of bleeding in these DIC patients. Differences in plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex and cross-linked fibrin degradation products could not account for the differences in the incidence of organ failure in the patients. These findings suggest that the clinical manifestation of DIC varies and might not only be a reflection of microthrombus formation but also a reflection of the other underlying pathomechanisms.
Antifibrinolytic Agents↗
Uptake of phthalate esters, di(n-butyl)phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, as environmental chemicals in monkeys in Japan.
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Animals↗
Anatomical keys and pitfalls in living donor liver transplantation.
The surgery of living donor liver transplantation is more technically challenging than cadaveric whole liver transplantation and liver resection for the treatment of various pathological conditions. It requires a thorough understanding of the intra- and extra-hepatic anatomical relationships between the portal vein, hepatic artery, biliary tract, and hepatic vein, and also their respective contributions to liver physiology. Although a precise understanding of general anatomical principles is the key to correctly performing living donor liver transplantation procedures, anatomic anomalies are often present, and the means of detecting them and the surgical methods of coping with them represent technical challenges. In this monograph, we describe the anatomical keys and pitfalls of living donor liver transplantation surgery based on our own experience with more than 1800 hepatectomies, and 150 living donor liver transplantations. We also elaborate on techniques of selective intermittent vascular occlusion and their teleological and practical background.
Bile Ducts↗