Biomedical subjects

Y Sakakura

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakakura.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Effect of recognition of head and neck malignancies on patients' psychosomatic condition and personality].

In order to elucidate the effect of recognition of head and neck malignancies on patients' psychosomatic condition and personality, we applied the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire (CMI) and the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and collected medical and psychological data from 35 male (42-78 years of age; average 62.5) and 15 female (20-76 years of age; average 54.7) patients with malignant head and neck tumors (10 nose and paranasal, 8 oral, 8 pharyngeal, 14 laryngeal, 6 thyroid gland and 4 others). The two tests were done twice for each patients; at first immediately before hospitalization for treatment of the tumors at Mie University Hospital and secondly just before discharge from the hospital. The period of hospitalization ranged 1 to 13 months, average 3.3 months. At the end of hospitalization doctors and nurses who had mainly taken care of the patients estimated the patients' recognition of their malignancy by analyzing behavior and information mainly from their family and classified patients into three groups; Group R (Patients who recognized that they were patients with head and neck malignancies) comprised 22 patients, Group N (who did not recognize the condition) comprised 15 and Group U (who could not be classified into Groups R or N) comprised 13. Comparison among the three groups revealed the followings. 1) Patients in Group R were relatively young (average 56.3 years) and extrovert (estimated by MPI) and their somatic and psychological complaints registered on the CMI were less than those in other 2 groups. Psychosomatic condition after recognition that they had been patients with malignant tumors was better than before.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Effects of frequent antral lavage on chronic sinusitis in children].

Eighty cases of pediatric sinusitis (4 to 15 years old, averaged 8 years old) were treated with frequent antral irrigations. Antral puncture was made through the inferior meatus with a Kyoto University needle under topical or general anesthesia. Then a plastic tube of 14G Medicut intravenous cannula was left in place to serve as an indwelling catheter. Antral lavages were performed through this tube 3 times daily for 7 to 10 days. The opacity of the maxillary sinus at post-treatment was improved significantly compared with that at pre-treatment in Waters view. This improvement was continued even at about 5.7 months after treatment. The opacity of the ethmoid sinus was also improved significantly after the treatment in occipito-frontal view. Our results suggest that the frequent antral lavage is an useful therapeutic modality for pediatric sinusitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Relationship between dynamic viscoelasticity and biochemical parameters in whole sputum from patients with hypersecretory respiratory diseases.

To obtain suitable biochemical parameters for measuring the dynamic viscoelasticity of sputum, we examined the relationships of the dynamic viscoelasticity with the dry weight (DW) and the contents of fucose, a parameter of airway mucous glycoprotein (AMG), and total protein (TP) and major proteins in whole sputum. The DW and TP, albumin and IgG concentrations and elastase activity were higher in purulent sputum than in mucoid-mucopurulent sputum, but there was no significant difference in the concentrations of airway wall-derived substances, such as fucose and S-IgA in the two. In mucoid-mucopurulent sputum, the dynamic viscosity (eta') and elastic modulus (G'), an indicator of dynamic elasticity, were most closely correlated with the fucose concentration (r = +0.75, and +0.74, p < 0.005 at 1 Hz) and slightly correlated with the DW, TP and S-IgA, but not with the other parameters tested. In the purulent sputum, the eta' and G' correlated with the DW and concentration of TP (r = +0.70-0.80, p < 0.005), but not with any concentrations of fucose, S-IgA or albumin. The results indicate that as parameters for estimating the dynamic viscosity and elasticity of whole sputum, fucose is useful for mucoid-mucopurulent sputum whereas DW and TP are useful for purulent sputum.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Structure of chicken 16-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin. Complete amino acid sequence, cloning of cDNA, and production of recombinant lectin.

The complete primary structure of chicken 16-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin (C-16) was determined. It was composed of 134 amino acid residues and has an acetylated NH2 terminus. A cDNA was also cloned, but no signal sequence was found in the initiator region. The initiator methionine remained as the NH2 terminus of the mature lectin. Although C-16 is distinct from chicken 14-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin (C-14), it proved to be a member of the vertebrate 14-kDa-type lectin family. Comparison of the primary structures between the vertebrate 14-kDa-type lectins suggests that C-14 and C-16 were produced by gene duplication of an ancestral lectin gene at a time close to the divergence of birds and mammals. Northern and Southern blot analysis indicated that these isolectins are encoded by individual genes which are differently regulated during the development of the embryo. A recombinant C-16 lectin was produced in Escherichia coli. The product was indistinguishable from the authentic C-16 lectin except that the NH2 terminus of the former was found to begin with free methionine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

The effect of middle ear effusions from children on in vitro ciliary activity.

In an attempt to clarify the effect of middle ear effusions (MEEs) on ciliary activity, the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of nasal epithelium from normal subjects was determined following incubation in Hanks' solution containing effusions from pediatric otitis media with effusion. Both serous and mucoid types of effusions increased CBF 15 min after incubation. The mucoid type of effusion was then found to decrease CBF 6 h after incubation. Since the pH and osmotic pressure of the solution containing the effusions were within the physiological ranges for normal ciliary beating, our findings show that MEEs can influence CBF in vitro.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to nasal, nasopharyngeal and buccal epithelial cells from patients with otitis media.

Since mucosal colonization may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME), we studied the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) to human nasal, nasopharyngeal, and buccal mucosal cells obtained from patients with OME. Non-typeable HI adhered in significantly greater numbers than type b HI. HI bacteria adhered to both nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosal cells in significantly greater numbers than to buccal ones. Non-typeable HI adhered to the epithelial cells from children with chronic sinusitis in more significant numbers than did those from children without chronic sinusitis. These results indicate that non-typeable HI adhere more readily to epithelial cells and that the nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa may be an important route for HI infection in OME.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Viscoelastic properties of middle ear effusions from pediatric otitis media with effusion and their relation to gross appearance.

The viscosity and the elasticity were measured in 146 individual middle ear effusions (MEEs) from 93 children with otitis media with effusion (OME). The effusions were classified into serous or mucoid type by their macroscopic appearance. The distribution of elasticity showed two peaks, corresponding to the peaks of serous and mucoid types of effusions. There were a small number of effusions in the intermediate range of elasticity, where the effusions were most effectively transported by the cilia. These findings suggests that the MEEs of pediatric OME are accumulations of rheologically suboptimal fluid in the middle ear cavity.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Effects of orally administered drugs on dynamic viscoelasticity of human nasal mucus.

The effects of orally administered drugs on rheologic properties of nasal mucus were investigated in adult chronic sinusitis patients. The elastic modulus G' and the dynamic viscosity eta' of nasal mucus were determined by an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer. Both G' and eta' values of the mucus before drug administration were much higher than optimal viscoelasticity for mucociliary transport. Norfloxacin, an antibacterial agent, reduced the G' but not the eta' of nasal mucus. Serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme, reduced eta' but did not reduce G'. S-carboxymethylcysteine, a blocked thiol derivative of cysteine, did not change either G' or eta'. L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride, a sulfhydryl type of agent, reduced both G' and eta'. The results indicate that some of the orally administered mucokinetic agents can improve the abnormal rheologic properties of nasal mucus in chronic sinusitis.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

Endotoxin and lysosomal protease activity in acute and chronic otitis media with effusion.

Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease (collagenase, cathepsin B, and lysozyme) activity were measured in 104 middle ear effusions (MEEs) from patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). The MEE samples were classified into four groups: pediatric serous, mucoid, and acute, and adult serous. Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease activity in MEEs were significantly different in the following order: adult less than serous less than mucoid less than acute groups, indicating that both endotoxin and lysosomal proteases are more closely related to the pathogenesis of pediatric chronic OME than to adult OME. In pediatric serous and mucoid effusions, endotoxin level had a significant correlation with activity of the lysosomal proteases. In conclusion, endotoxin enhances leukocyte infiltration into the middle ear, and lysosomal proteases released from leukocytes damage the middle ear mucosa and thereby prolong mucosal inflammation, which may be responsible for delayed recovery from acute OME.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

Effects of myringotomy and orally administered drugs on viscosity and elasticity of middle ear effusions from children with otitis media with effusion.

Clinical and rheological studies were performed on 42 children with otitis media with effusion. Twenty-one patients received S-carboxymethylcysteine (group A), and the other 21 patients were administered Kampo medicine (group B), a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, for 4 weeks following myringotomy. At the end of the 4-week treatment period, 47.2% of the ears in group A and 40.5% in group B were regarded as being free from middle ear effusion (MEE). For rheologically thick MEEs, where the viscosity (eta') and elasticity (G') are much greater than the optimal values for mucociliary transport, post-treatment values of eta' for group A decreased significantly, but those of G' did not, in comparison with pre-treatment values. No such changes in either eta' or G' were observed in group B. Results suggests that the combined therapy for myringotomy and oral SCMC is effective for improving the rheological properties of thick MEE in children.

Carbocysteine↗

PubMed1990

[A study of microdensitometric evaluation of opacity of maxillary sinuses in patients with nasal allergy].

The opacity of the maxillary sinuses on X-ray film in Waters' view in patients with nasal allergy was evaluated by a microdensitometer. The patients with nasal allergy were diagnosed with the positive results of the following; 1) eosinophilia in nasal secretion, 2) nasal provocation test, 3) intradermal skin test or radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The ratio of density of the maxillary sinuses and orbits was determined by a microdensitometer, and the ratio of the average degree of the opacity of the maxillary sinus to that of the ipsilateral orbit was designated as the M/O ratio. The normal range of the M/O ratio was set over the mean value -2 standard deviations in the normal group. The results are followings. 1) The abnormal shadows in the maxillary sinuses were found out to be 36.9% in patients with nasal allergy. 2) Patients under 15 years old had significantly higher incidence of abnormal shadows, especially in the bilateral sinuses compared with patients over 15 years old. 3) Polyps in the maxillary sinus were recognized in 5.0% of all the sinuses. 4) There were no significant differences for the incidence of abnormal shadow among the patients with nasal allergy caused by different antigens.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1990

[Management of chronic sinusitis in children].

The managements and the results of therapy for children with chronic sinusitis were reported. During the period of 1980 to 1988, 190 patients, aged 3 to 15, were examined at our outpatient clinic. The pathologic conditions of the maxillary sinus were examined by the contrast x-ray study (X-MFT). The mild, moderate and severe lesions in the maxillary sinus evaluated by X-MFT were 22%, 44; and 34%, respectively. Sixty-two per cent of ethmoid sinus was opacified in occipito-frontal view. The degree of patency of the maxillary ostium was evaluated by an application of the constant pressure to the maxillary sinus. Almost all maxillary ostia of these patients were patent. Nasal mucociliary clearance was reduced in 37% of the patients examined after the saccharin method. Antral lavages were performed once in a week for the therapy of 72% of children with chronic sinusitis. The efficacy of this modality was evaluated by the above mentioned items. The maxillary and ethmoid lesions, and nasal mucociliary transit time were significantly improved by the modality after 25 months in average. These results indicate that the antral lavage is an useful therapy for chronic sinusitis in children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of mucociliary dysfunction on nasal viral infection].

The effects of Newcastle disease virus infection on the nasal mucociliary dysfunction after the mechanical stimulation, dehydration and cocaine application were investigated in the nonanesthetized in vivo chicken. Mucociliary transport rate and mucociliary wave frequency were measured simultaneously using the video monitor systems and electrophotometer connecting to the otomicroscope by the direct vision through the palatine cleft of the chicken which were placed in a specially designed plastic holder with mouth opener. Mucociliary transport rate was accelerated on the postnasal fossa adjacent to the mechanically stimulated side of the palatine cleft. The dehydration for 96 hours produced progressive decelerations of mucociliary transport rate, but not mucociliary wave frequency. Topical application of 20% cocaine to the postnasal fossa caused the ciliary paralysis within 5 minutes for more than one hour. The topical inoculation of Newcastle disease virus into the postnasal fossa induced the deceleration of mucociliary transport rate after 4 days and mucociliary wave frequency after 3 and 6 days significantly. We studied the effect of mucociliary transport rate and mucociliary wave frequency on the topical Newcastle disease virus inoculation after the mechanical stimulation, dehydration, and the application of 20% cocaine. Mucociliary transport rate in dehydration and cocaine groups were decelerated significantly 4, 7, 10, 13 days after inoculation, but not in the mechanical stimulation group. Mucociliary wave frequency in the dehydration group were decelerated significantly 3, 6, 12 days after inoculation, but not in the cocaine and mechanical stimulation groups. Therefore, the results suggest that the mucociliary dysfunction may increase and prolong the severity of viral infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Bioelectric properties of excised rabbit nasal mucosa].

The water flow across the respiratory epithelia is an important determinant of the efficiency of mucociliary clearance. Bulk water flow has been shown to be coupled to net ion flux. We studied ion transport across rabbit nasal mucosa by measuring bioelectric properties using Ussing chambers. Results were summarized as follows. (1) Compared with tracheal mucosa, nasal mucosa exhibited lower potential difference (p less than 0.01), lower short-circuit current (p less than 0.05), and higher conductance (p less than 0.01). (2) Ouabain 10(-4)M inhibited short-circuit current when added to the submucosal bath of Ussing chambers, and amiloride decreased short-circuit current to about 40% when added to the mucosal bath. (3) When the bubbling of the solution was changed from 95%O2, 5%CO2 to 100%N2, short-circuit current remarkably decreased. (4) A significant positive correlation existed between temperature ranging from 33 degrees C to 41 degrees C and short-circuit current (r = 0.46, p less than 0.02).

Amiloride↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of specific desensitization therapy in combination with an immunopotentiator, Neurotropin, on perennial nasal allergy--with special reference to mite specific IgG and IgG4 antibody levels].

We treated perennial nasal allergy with specific desensitization in combination with or without Neurotropin injections (NSP) from March 1983 to September 1984, and analyzed blood anti-mite IgG and IgG4 levels in relation to therapeutic efficacy. Desensitization and NSP were given once a week and seventy subjects (33 from the desensitization group and 37 from the desensitization + NSP group) were evaluated at 24, 36 and 48 weeks. 1) In total cases clinical usefulness showed no significant difference between the desensitization group and combined group at 24 weeks, while in "useful or more" cases significantly better results were attained in the latter at 24 weeks and 48 weeks (p less than 0.05, respectively). 2) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) specific IgG antibody showed no significant difference between both groups as well as in each group during the overall examination period. 3) In total cases both D.p. specific and D. farinae (D.f.) specific IgG4 were significantly higher in the combined group at 24 and 36 weeks (D.p.: p less than 0.01 and D.f.: p less than 0.05, respectively), whereas in "useful or more" cases only D.p. specific IgG4 showed a significant elevation in the combined group at 24 weeks (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that specific desensitization in combination with NSP can promote early production of mite specific IgG4, which tend to rise in correlation with clinical efficacy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1990

Quantitation of tubotympanal mucociliary clearance in otitis media with effusion.

In an attempt to analyze the tubotympanal mucociliary function in otitis media with effusion (OME), human serum albumin labeled with technetium 99m was instilled into 36 ears with effusion and 16 without. The clearance function of the tubotympanum was measured quantitatively. The viscoelasticity of the effusions was measured and was compared with the clearance rate. The clearance rate was significantly lower in ears with effusion than in those without. A significant negative correlation was observed between clearance rate and dynamic viscosity at dynamic viscosities above 2 poise. It is concluded that ears with effusion have significantly lower mucociliary clearance than those without, and that the viscosity of the effusions plays an important role in the mucociliary dysfunction in OME.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of amlexanox on experimental allergic rhinitis in actively sensitized guinea pigs].

The effect of amlexanox given orally for 3 weeks was studied on the IgE-mediated experimental allergic rhinitis in the actively sensitized guinea pigs. The intranasal instillation of antigen (egg albumin) induced the increase of nasal vascular permeability (dye leakage), histamine content in nasal perfusate and nasal resistance in sensitized guinea pig. Amlexanox, 20 and 60 mg/kg/day given orally for 3 weeks significantly inhibited the increase of dye leakage into the nasal cavity, histamine content and nasal resistance in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that amlexanox given orally may be useful therapeutic agent for human allergic rhinitis.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed1989

Epithelial cytodifferentiation and extracellular matrix formation in enamel-free areas of the occlusal cusp during development of mouse molars: light and electron microscopic studies.

Mandibular first molars in mice ranging in age from 18 days prenatal to 5 days postnatal were used for light and electron microscopic examinations of the enamel-free area (EFA) during development of the occlusal cusp (mesiobuccal cusp). Notable morphological changes in the inner enamel epithelium and the cells of the stratum intermedium were observed. At prenatal age of 18 days, the inner enamel epithelium of the EFA (EFA epithelium) was composed of a layer of columnar cells and covered by the cells of the stratum intermedium. Two days after birth, the EFA epithelium was made up largely of preameloblasts, with mitochondria located in the proximal side of the cells toward the stratum intermedium. The cells of the stratum intermedium were irregularly shaped, with wide intercellular spaces between them. At a postnatal age of 3 days, most of the EFA epithelial cells resembled maturation-stage ameloblasts, being short and columnar in shape and having nuclei located in their proximal side. Distal cell membranes were folded, and mitochondria were scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In 4-day-old mice, the EFA epithelium was found to be formed of short columnar or cuboidal cells with distinct intercellular spaces. The cells of the stratum intermedium could no longer be detected, and cells of the EFA epithelium could not be distinguished from those of the stellate reticulum. Odontoblasts of the EFA were arranged and polarized parallel to the basal lamina, and odontoblastic processes extended toward the cusp tip. The orientation of thin and thick collagen fibers within predentin and dentin was also parallel to the basal lamina. Even after dentin mineralization, disrupted basal lamina and long, aperiodic, fine fibrils were found between the epithelium and the dentin. Following the disappearance of the basal lamina and fine fibrils, stippled material and crystals appeared on the dentin surface. The mineralized matrix, which x-ray microanalytical energy peaks identified as containing calcium and phosphorus, was continuous with enamel in the distal slope of the cusp at the cusp tip. Thus, the inner enamel epithelium of the EFA differentiated into secretory cells capable of enamel-like matrix formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗