Acceptance of skin xenografts (from guinea pig to mice) by portal venous and intravenous injections of donor hematolymphoid cells.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Sakakura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakakura.
Immunohistochemical localization of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic sinusitis.
OBJECTIVE: Chronic sinusitis is a common disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of proinflammatory cytokines and endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression as an initiating process in tissue inflammation. This study was conducted to investigate the localization of major cytokines and CAMs in the maxillary sinus mucosa from patients with chronic sinusitis and from normal subjects. METHODS: Maxillary sinus mucosal specimens from patients with chronic sinusitis (n = 10) and from normal subjects (n = 6) were immunostained with specific antibodies directed against the cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha) and the CAMs (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1 and vascular CAM-1, VCAM-1). RESULTS: The number of immunoreactive cells for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha was increased significantly in patients with chronic sinusitis compared with normal controls. Immunoreactivity for ICAM-1 was also increased significantly in patients with chronic sinusitis compared with normal controls, whereas VCAM-1 is only minimally expressed or is absent in both groups. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that bacterial and/or viral infection may induce functional and morphologic changes in the maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic sinusitis through enhanced generation of specific cytokines in conjunction with CAMs.
Adult↗
The Vdelta1 T cell receptor repertoire in human nasal mucosa.
The gamma/delta T cells play important roles as the first line of defence in mucosal immunity. Vdelta1 bearing T cells comprise the major population of gamma/delta T cells in the human nasal mucosa. Recently, it was reported that certain receptors are predominant at given anatomical locations. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the gamma/delta T-cell receptor repertoire in human nasal mucosa. Nasal epithelia were scraped and peripheral blood were obtained from three healthy volunteers. We performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and characterized the junctional sequences of Vdelta1 T-cell receptor (TCR) transcripts. Vgamma and Vdelta gene usage in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in right and left nasal mucosa were almost the same, but they were different from those in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The VDJ sequence of nasal Vdelta1 T-cell receptor transcripts showed diversity and were different for each individual. Vdelta1 in the IELs were rearranged to Jdelta1 and Vdelta1 in the PBLs were rearranged not only to Jdelta1 but also to Jdelta3. Vdelta1 sequences in the IELs in the nasal mucosa showed no overlap with those in the PBLs. These results indicate that gamma/delta T cells in the nose are organ specific lymphocytes.
Adult↗
Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism in chronic sinusitis.
OBJECTIVES: It is likely that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of chronic sinusitis, and airway inflammation is an important pathological feature in chronic sinusitis. We hypothesized that individuals with greater inflammatory responses may be more likely to acquire the disease. Polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes have been described, and certain inflammatory diseases are reportedly associated with certain alleles of TNF genes. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is an association between some alleles of TNF genes and chronic sinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-eight Japanese patients with intractable chronic sinusitis were selected on the basis of the following criteria: 1) persistent mucous or mucopurulent nasal discharge and/or postnasal dripping for longer than 3 years and 2) opacification in bilateral maxillary sinuses and ethmoid cells on plain radiographic films. METHODS: Both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction fragment length polymorphisms in these patients and 35 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: A significantly higher frequency (P < .05) of TNFB*2 allele of TNF-beta gene polymorphism was observed in patients with chronic sinusitis (74%) compared with control subjects (56%). There was no association between alleles of TNF-alpha and chronic sinusitis. CONCLUSION: We concluded that TNF-beta gene polymorphism may form a component of the genetic predisposition to chronic sinusitis in Japanese patients.
Adolescent↗
A mechanism of antigen-induced mucus production in nasal epithelium of sensitized rats. A comparison with lipopolysaccharide-induced mucus production.
We produced ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats as an animal model of nasal allergy. Intranasal instillation of OVA induced hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells in nasal epithelium of OVA- sensitized rats. Intraepithelial mucosubstance in nasal mucosa increased significantly at 24 h after 3 or 7 d of OVA instillation, accompanied by mucosal infiltration of eosinophils. The effects of H1-antagonist (d-chlorpheniramine malate), H2-antagonist (cimetidine), dexamethasone, indomethacin, cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs)-antagonist (ONO1078), and antirat neutrophil antiserum on OVA-induced changes were examined. Mucus production was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone, and ONO1078, whereas eosinophil infiltration was significantly inhibited by H1-antagonist, dexamethasone, and anti-rat neutrophil antiserum. These results indicate that cysLTs (LTs C4, D4, and E4) may play an important role in antigen-induced mucus production, and that eosinophil infiltration does not relate to mucus production. Intranasal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also induced intraepithelial mucus production, and it was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone, indomethacin, and antirat neutrophil antiserum; however, cysLTs antagonist had no effect on LPS-induced change. These results indicate that neutrophil and cyclooxygenase products are important in LPS-induced mucus production, and there are different mechanisms of mucus production between allergic inflammation and LPS stimulation.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemical localization of collagen types I, III, and IV, laminin, fibronectin, and keratin in the endolymphatic sac.
We have employed immunohistochemistry to obtain baseline information on the molecular constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the endolymphatic duct (ED) and endolymphatic sac (ES) of the chinchilla. The results demonstrated that collagen types I and III were distributed in the subepithelial layer in the ED and ES, type IV collagen and laminin in the basement membranes, and fibronectin in the subepithelial layer and partly in the conglomerated cells in the ES. Collagen type III was diffusely distributed in the whole subepithelial layer of the ES, whereas collagen type I was concentrated densely in the deep layer of the interstitium, although gradually, the cuboidal epithelium in the ES was transformed into a flatter type in the ED. The epithelial cells of the ED and ES were clearly positive for keratin. This study deals, in particular, with the normal distribution of ECM components of the ED and ES of the chinchilla.
Animals↗
Secretory cell differentiation and mucus secretion in cultures of human nasal epithelial cells: use of a monoclonal antibody to study human nasal mucin.
We have developed an air-liquid interface culture system for human nasal epithelial cells that differentiate into mucociliary phenotypes in a defined serum-free medium. Dissociated cells obtained from nasal polyps were cultured on a collagen gel substrate. At confluence, the cells lost characteristics of differentiated cells, and secretory cell and ciliated cell differentiation appeared after 7 days in an air-liquid interface. After 21 days, about half of the epithelial cells were stained with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff stain or monoclonal antibody HCS18, which was directed against human nasal mucin specific for epithelial secretory (goblet) cells. The quantitative examination using the antibody HCS18 revealed that the antibody-reactive nasal mucin was secreted only on the apical side of the cultures, and interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated these mucus secretions. The culture system with an antimucin monoclonal antibody developed in this study should be useful for studying polarized mucus secretion from human nasal epithelial cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Effects of clarithromycin on rheological properties of nasal mucus in patients with chronic sinusitis.
Macrolide antibiotics have a variety of actions along with antimicrobial action. To determine the effects of oral administration of clarithromycin (CAM) on rheological properties, we measured the spinability, dynamic viscoelasticity, and solid composition of human nasal mucus from 18 patients with chronic sinusitis before and after administration of CAM for 4 weeks. After administration of CAM, the spinability and percent solid composition of nasal mucus increased from 26.5 +/- 12.2 mm to 40.2 +/- 18.7 mm and 7.86% +/- 3.47% to 13.90% +/- 3.67% (p < .05), respectively, whereas the ratio of the viscosity to the elasticity (eta'/G') of nasal mucus after the administration of CAM decreased in all of the mucus samples. These results suggest that treatment with CAM may modulate the rheological properties of nasal mucus in patients with chronic sinusitis.
Adolescent↗
Role of neutrophil elastase in endotoxin-induced mucus hypersecretion in rat nasal epithelium.
In the present study, hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells were induced in rat nasal epithelium by intranasal instillation of endotoxin or elastase. A significant increase in the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstance was observed after 24 hours during 3 days of instillation. The elastase-induced mucus production was not inhibited in neutrophil-depleted rats, but the endotoxin-induced change was significantly inhibited. Intranasal instillation of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor ONO-5046 partially inhibited the endotoxin-induced mucus production. Epithelial mucus secretion was evaluated by the temporary decrease in the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstance. The endotoxin-induced mucus secretion peaked 3 to 6 hours after intranasal instillation, coinciding with the peak of the intraepithelial neutrophil infiltration. The elastase-induced mucus secretion peaked 1 to 3 hours after intranasal instillation; intraepithelial neutrophil infiltration was not induced by elastase. These results indicate that neutrophil elastase is an important mediator of the intraepithelial mucus synthesis and secretion induced by endotoxin.
Animals↗
Word deafness after resection of a pineal body tumor in the presence of normal wave latencies of the auditory brain stem response.
We studied the case of a 48-year-old woman who had resection of a pineal body tumor in terms of postoperative audiological function. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging disclosed partial inferior colliculi destruction and medial geniculate body degeneration. A pure tone audiogram revealed only moderate sensorineural hearing loss, but her speech perception was totally impaired. The binaural sound localization function was also impaired. The auditory brain stem response (ABR) showed waves I, III, and V to have normal latencies. The amplitude of wave III was larger than that of wave V. These results support the view that the waves of the ABR are elicited from multiple sources in the auditory brain stem nuclei and tracts. This case suggests a substantial role for the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body in the processing of speech perception and sound localization.
Astrocytoma↗
Immunoreactivity to a monoclonal antibody (OS-3) is shared by osteoclasts and bicarbonate-secreting cells.
OS-3, a monoclonal antibody raised against macrophagic cells derived from cultured rat glomeruli, reacts with the plasma membrane of various bicarbonate-secreting cells such as epithelial cells of the pancreatic excretory duct and type B intercalated cells of the kidney, suggesting that the antigenic molecule of OS-3 is involved in bicarbonate production and/or secretion. Since osteoclasts must vigorously extrude bicarbonate to maintain cytoplasmic pH in a physiologic range during proton secretion, we examined the localization of OS-3 immunoreactivity in the bone tissue to determine the involvement of the detected molecule in the transmembrane transport of bicarbonate in osteoclasts. The OS-3 selectively stained the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreactivity with OS-3 was associated with small cytoplasmic projections and microplicae of the basolateral plasma membrane. This finding suggests that osteoclasts express the molecule common to bicarbonate-secreting cells to utilize it for bicarbonate transport during bone resorption.
Animals↗
Supraclavicular artery in Japanese: an anatomical basis for the flap using a pedicle containing a cervical, non-perforating cutaneous branch of the superficial cervical artery.
We investigated the morphology of the non-perforating cervical cutaneous branch in the lateral cervical triangle using 65 (130 sides) donated cadavers. We found the branch in 104 of the entire 130 sides (80.0%). In the majority (72.1%), the cutaneous branch did not cross the clavicle or acromion but supplied the dorsolateral cervical area. The branch was originated from the superficial cervical artery close to the posterior belly of the omohyoideus muscle and immediately lateral to the external jugular vein. The comitant vein, if present, drained into the external jugular vein. Our observations and measurements (length and diameter) suggested that the non-perforating cutaneous branch is useful for a pedicle of the dorsolateral cervical flap in Japanese people. However, detailed morphologies differ from the previous studies published in western countries.
Aged↗
[Study on endoscopic sinus surgery management of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps].
Endoscopic sinus surgery is commonly used to treat chronic sinusitis. Subjects were 79 chronic sinusitis patients--50 men and 29 women aged 17 to 79 years (average: 50.6 years) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery in our department from January 1993 to December 1997. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months. We evaluated preoperative staging of chronic sinusitis based on Kennedy staging. Most were stage 3. This type of staging was not effective in predicting nasal polyp relapse. We found that cases with diffuse polyposis and associated disease such as bronchial asthma or aspirin-induced asthma tended to experience a polyp relapse. Our results suggest that postoperative treatment is important in maintaining patency of the ostiomeatal complex, nasal polyp or edematous mucosa relapse must be treated early in on in occurrence.
Adolescent↗
[Study on a rat tracheal mucus producing model].
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Animals↗
[Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy with house dust in the patients with perennial nasal allergy].
We tried to elucidate the relation of age and severity with the efficacy of immunotherapy. The subjects included 51 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis who had immunotherapy for more than a year. Symptom scores, serum total IgE levels, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE, and peripheral blood eosinophils counts were evaluated before, half a year, one year and two years after the onset of immunotherapy. 64% of the children's group and 69% of the adults' group of patients showed significant improvement in their nasal symptoms, showing that age is not a factor influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy. The severity of the disease influenced the clinical efficacy; the more severe the disease, the poorer the efficacy of the immunotherapy. Periphipheral blood eosinophils counts gradually decreased after the onset of immunotherapy. High eosinophil counts before immunotherapy predicted poor efficacy of the immunotherapy.
Adolescent↗
Effects of mucokinetic drugs on rheological properties of reconstituted human nasal mucus.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of mucokinetic drugs on the rheological properties of human nasal mucus in patients with chronic sinusitis. DESIGN: We reconstituted human nasal mucus obtained from 74 patients with chronic sinusitis and determined the effects of 4 mucokinetic drugs, including acetylcysteine, deoxynuclease I, 2% sodium bicarbonate, and a combination product containing tyloxapol (Alevaire), on rheological properties of reconstituted human nasal mucus (RHNM). We used 5% RHNM dissolved in phosphate-buffered solution as the optimal buffer and concentration of RHNM for the study because it showed a viscoelastic response similar to that of freshly collected nasal mucus from patients with chronic sinusitis. METHODS: Four experiments were performed to determine the influence of each drug on dynamic viscosity and elasticity of 5% RHNM. Distilled water was used as a control. RESULTS: Acetylcysteine and deoxynuclease I significantly decreased both dynamic viscosity and elastic modulus, while distilled water had no effect on rheological properties of 5% RHNM in vitro. Alevaire significantly reduced both dynamic viscosity and elastic modulus. Sodium bicarbonate significantly reduced elastic modulus but not dynamic viscosity. Reduction of elastic modulus by Alevaire was significantly greater than that by sodium bicarbonate, while there was no difference in reduction of dynamic viscosity between them. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that RHNM may be useful for studying the topical effects of various drugs on nasal mucus from patients with chronic sinusitis.
Acetylcysteine↗
Expression of tenascin-C and the integrin alpha 9 subunit in regeneration of rat nasal mucosa after chemical injury: involvement in migration and proliferation of epithelial cells.
Nasal mucosa covered by pseudostratified ciliated epithelia can be injured by microbial infection and physical and chemical agents. To elucidate mechanisms of regeneration, erosion of rat nasal mucosa was produced by intranasal instillation of trichloroacetic acid, and tissue specimens were then sequentially obtained after 1-14 days. Since tenascin-C (TN-C) and its receptor, alpha 9 beta 1 integrin, are assumed to play important roles in regeneration of stratified squamous epithelia, their expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Three to five days after the injury, TN-C mRNA was found in epithelial cells of migrating fronts and in epithelial sheets recovering ulcerated surfaces between the fronts and normal regions. TN-C deposition was increased under such sheets. Enhanced alpha 9 staining was also evident in the involved epithelium. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays revealed significant increase in proliferating cells in cell sheets over TN-C deposits at 3-7 days. Therefore, we conclude that regenerating epithelial cells produce and secrete TN-C, associated with an increase in alpha 9 expression, and that interactions between these molecules could regulate migration and proliferation of the epithelial cells in an autocrine manner.
Animals↗
Appearance and distribution of dendritic cells and macrophages in dental pulp during early postnatal morphogenesis of mouse mandibular first molars.
Dendritic cells and macrophages were examined in dental pulp during the postnatal development of mouse mandibular first molars, by immuno- and enzyme histochemistry. F4/80 antibody against dendritic cells and macrophages demonstrated labeled cells predominantly in and around the odontoblastic layer during tooth development from postnatal day 0 (PN0) to PN5. Labeling with Mac-1, Mac-2, and MOMA-2 antibodies against macrophages showed varied distribution patterns. Mac-1-positive cells were not detected in the dental pulp. Mac-2-positive cells appeared in the dental pulp at PN0, but not in or around the odontoblastic layer, and disappeared by PN3. A few MOMA-2-positive cells were detected in the dental pulp during the period examined. The F4/80-positive cells in and around the odontoblastic layer did not exhibit acid phosphatase or non-specific esterase activities. In addition, the F4/80-positive cells showed continued expression of Fcgamma receptor, but not class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Other antibodies against dendritic cells (NLDC-145, MIDC-8, and 33D1) did not label the F4/80-positive cells. We concluded that the F4/80-positive and class II MHC-negative cells in and around the odontoblastic layer may be immature dendritic cells in the early stages before eruption, weaning, and crucial exposure to antigenic stimuli. They may not only act primarily as immunosurveillance cells, but also play a role in a regulatory function and differentiation of odontoblasts.
Acid Phosphatase↗