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Biomedical subjects

Y Saitoh

Publications and source records attributed to Y Saitoh.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry: current status.

The Pancreatic Cancer Registration Committee of the Japan Pancreas Society registered a total 17,130 patients with pancreatic cancer from 350 major hospitals in Japan from 1981 through 1995. Diagnosis with ultrasonography and computed tomography has become increasingly important as the methods used for first detecting a pancreatic lesion. Tumor resection was performed in 36% of the patients, and the 5-year survival rate of the patients who received resection was 18.2%. The rate of resection and results of surgical treatment have improved, which may be attributed to the increase in detection of resectable tumor and benefits of aggressive and extended surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Inhibitory effects of a cyclosporin derivative, SDZ PSC 833, on transport of doxorubicin and vinblastine via human P-glycoprotein.

The inhibitory effects of SDZ PSC 833 (PSC833), a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin derivative, on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated transport of doxorubicin and vinblastine were compared with those of cyclosporin A (Cs-A). The transcellular transport of the anticancer drugs and PSC833 across a monolayer of LLC-GA5-COL150 cells, which overexpress human P-gp, was measured. Both PSC833 and Cs-A inhibited P-gp-mediated transport of doxorubicin and vinblastine in a concentration-dependent manner and increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and vinblastine in LLC-GA5-COL150 cells. The values of the 50%-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PSC833 and Cs-A for doxorubicin transport were 0.29 and 3.66 microM, respectively, and those for vinblastine transport were 1.06 and 5.10 microM, respectively. The IC50 of PSC833 for doxorubicin transport was about 4-fold less than that for vinblastine transport, suggesting that the combination of PSC833 and doxorubicin might be effective. PSC833 itself was not transported by P-gp and had higher lipophilicity than Cs-A. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of PSC833 on P-gp-mediated transport was 5- to 10-fold more potent than that of Cs-A, and this higher inhibitory effect of PSC833 may be related to the absence of PSC833 transport by P-gp and to the higher lipophilicity of PSC833.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1998

Modified double burst stimulation of varying stimulating currents.

BACKGROUND: Using modified double burst stimulation (modified DBS), sufficient level of recovery from neuromuscular blockade (train-of-four (TOF) ratio > 0.7) can properly be diagnosed. Modified DBS may often be applied in awake patients in the postanesthetic care unit. As the stimulating current decreases, the neurostimulation-induced discomfort becomes less for awake subjects. It is relevant to investigate the usefulness of the modified DBS delivered at low currents. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one adult patients undergoing nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane anesthesia were randomly divided into one of four groups: group 50 (n = 40), group 30 (n = 40), group 20 (n = 40), and supramaximality group (n = 1). After administration of vecuronium, in one hand and forearm (fixed arm), the degree of neuromuscular blockade was quantified mechanically. In the contralateral arm (free arm), modified DBS stimuli were delivered at 50, 30, and 20 mA in groups 50, 30, and 20, respectively. An observer determined tactilely on the free arm the presence or absence of fade in response to the modified DBS applied at 50, 30, and 20 mA. In one patient (the supramaximality group), modified DBS ratios (D2/D1) were examined at 50, 40, 30, 20, and 10 mA before administration of vecuronium. Moreover, discomfort associated with modified DBS applied at 50, 30, and 20 mA was evaluated using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) in 15 awake volunteers. RESULTS: Probabilities of detection of fade in response to modified DBS in groups 50, 30, and 20 were 90, 86, and 96% (TOF ratios of 0.61-0.70), 62, 73, 94*#% (0.71-0.80), 26, 39, and 79*#% (0.81-0.90), and 4, 33*, and 51*#% (0.91-1.00), respectively. *P < 0.05 as compared to group 50. #P < 0.05 as compared to group 30. Supramaximal responses to D1 and D2 could be elicited at a current > or = 30 mA. The mean VAS scores were 8.7, 6.5*, and 4.1* when stimulated at 50, 30, and 20 mA, respectively. *P < 0.05 as compared to 50 mA. #P < 0.05 as compared to 30 mA. CONCLUSION: Modified DBS-induced discomfort becomes less as the stimulating current decreases. However, when stimulated at 30 or 20 mA, fade in response to modified DBS is felt in too many cases, even after neuromuscular blockage subsides to an adequate level.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Surface expression of complement regulatory proteins, decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59, on cultured human endothelial cells.

To clarify the response of endothelial cells to complement, we studied not only the reaction of endothelial cells against complement lysis sensitivity (CLS) test, but also the expression of complement regulatory proteins by two-color flow cytometric analysis and backscattered scanning immunoelectron microscopic analysis using monoclonal antibodies to decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and/or CD59. Complement activation didn't lead to the cell death of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In control, two-color flow cytometric analysis indicated that HAECs consisted of a single double-positive population for these proteins as well as HUVECs. Then, HUVECs and HAECs after the CLS test resulted in having same distribution by flow cytometry. Moreover, the microscopic analysis showed that DAF or CD59 was expressed with a diffuse distribution. However, DAF on HUVECs and CD59 on HAECs were present at the margin of cell surfaces more than at the other places. These findings suggest that endothelial cells have a defense mechanism for complement activation in vitro by the changes of expression of complement regulatory proteins on the membrane surface, and that the mechanism of HAECs to complement is the same as that of HUVECs.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on TNM classification of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas].

A total 17,121 patients with pancreatic cancer have been collected by the Pancreatic Cancer Registration Committee of the Japan Pancreas Society. Significant differences in the postoperative prognosis were observed between patients with tumor limited to the pancreas and with tumor extending to surrounding tissues or adjacent organs. The lymph node metastases and distant metastases were definitive factors on the prognosis after resection. It might was possible for the subdivision of regional lymph nodes as Japanese classification to provide the Stage classification. Further development of the TNM system is necessary for assessing the outcome of most advanced cancers.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Intraoperative anaphylaxis caused by latex surgical gloves].

A 17-year-old male encountered anaphylaxis caused by latex surgical gloves during emergency surgery under general anesthesia. He had undergone multiple surgical procedures, bladder catheterization and was suffering from atopic dermatitis. The patient developed bronchospasm and circulatory collapse 20 minutes after the start of surgery. Administration of dopamine, aminophylline and methylprednisolone helped to normalize airway pressure and blood pressure. Latex allergy occurs in persons considered at high risk including patient with spina bifida, urogenital abnormalities, atopic dermatitis, health care workers and rubber industry workers. These persons may develop hypersensitivity to latex products. If patients who are suspected to be latex allergy undergo surgical procedures, anesthesiologist should check past history and sensitivity to rubber in detail. In patients known to be allergic to latex, we must avoid latex products, such as surgical gloves, or anesthetic and surgical equipments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Simple kinetic analysis of 99mTc-GSA by direct integral linear least square regression method: calculation of hepatic blood flow and receptor index based on three-compartment model].

To obtain both hepatic blood flow and an index of asialoglycoprotein receptor amount by simple calculation in the asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging with 99mTc-DTPA-Galactosyl Human Serum Albumin (99mTc-GSA), we have tested the applicability of the direct integral linear least square regression (DILS) method based on a linear 3-compartment model (Bronqvist, 1984) to the kinetic analysis of 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy. DILS method can provide hepatic blood flow (k1) and the product of receptor amount and forward binding rate constant (k1k3/k2) as a receptor index, without requiring iterative calculation and initial estimates of the parameters. To compare DILS method with nonlinear least square regression (NLS) method as a standard, data from 35 patients with liver dysfunction were analyzed by both methods. The effect of the data noise to parameter estimate were simulated, and both DILS and NLS method could provide reliable parameter estimate which is relatively insensitive to the data noise. In estimated model parameters, both hepatic blood flow (k1) and the receptor index (k1k3/k2) showed significant correlation between 2 methods (r2 = 0.96, p < 0.0001; r2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001, respectively). We concluded that DILS method was comparable to NLS method in determination of the model parameters and could be useful in the asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anti-emetic efficacy of prophylactic granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This study evaluates the prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide, for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 30 for each group): granisetron 3 mg, droperidol 1.25 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg and placebo (saline). These medications were given immediately before the induction of anaesthesia. During the first 24 h after anaesthesia, the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting was 13, 30, 33 and 37% after administration of granisetron, droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo, respectively (P < 0.05, overall Fisher's exact probability test). No clinically important adverse effects were observed in either group. Our results suggest that granisetron is a better anti-emetic than droperidol or metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with a placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effective dose of granisetron for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This study was undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 120 women were assigned to receive either placebo (saline) or granisetron at three different doses (20 micrograms kg-1, 40 micrograms kg-1 or 80 micrograms kg-1) intravenously immediately before the induction of anaesthesia. All patients received standardized anaesthesia consisting of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. The incidence of PONV during the first 24 hours after anaesthesia was 43, 40, 13 and 13% after administration of placebo and granisetron 20 micrograms kg-1, 40 micrograms kg-1 and 80 micrograms kg-1, respectively (P < 0.05, overall Fisher's exact probability test). Adverse effects post-operatively were not different among the groups. In conclusion, granisetron 40 micrograms kg-1 is the minimum effective dose in the prevention of PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A case of sea water and sand aspiration during near drowning].

A 46-year-old man who had been pulled under water by a tidal wave when an earthquake occurred on July 12, 1993 was carried to our hospital the next day. He soon needed endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation because he expectorated sputa with sand and because arterial bloodgas analysis revealed severe hypoxemia. Chest X-ray on admission showed diffuse small nodules and areas of consolidation. Chest CT obtained on July 16 showed centrilobular small nodules bilaterally and alveolar opacities in the peribronchial region. After therapy with antibiotics and frequent bronchial lavages, sputum with sand disappeared on the 14 th hospital day and chest X-ray film and laboratory data showed marked improvement. He was discharged on October 1. A chest CT scan obtained on February 17, 1994 showed improvement of the small nodules. The areas of consolidation had also improved, but remained as linear and nodular opacities, which were considered to be organized lesions. There are few reports concerning radiographic findings particularly CT findings, after aspiration of sea water and sand during near drowning.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Children's anxiety is reduced by the presence of parents at induction of anesthesia].

The present study aims to examine if children's anxiety could be reduced by the presence of the parent at induction of anesthesia. The subjects were children aged from 6 months to 6 years who underwent general anesthesia. Forty children (Group A) received premedication and without the parent at induction of anesthesia. Thirty-eight children (Group B) received premedication and with the parent. Thirty-eight children (Group C) did not receive premedication and were with the parent. We examined whether children were crying or not during anesthetic induction. Number of crying children accompanied by the parent during induction were fewer than those who were not accompanied. We conclude that allowing the parent to be present during anesthetic induction reduces the number of crying children and we consider that the presence of the parent decreased the children's anxiety.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1998

[Anesthetic management of a patient with protein C deficiency associated with pulmonary thromboembolism].

A patient with protein C deficiency associated with massive pulmonary embolism underwent open heart tromboembolectomy. The operation was successfully performed under cardiopulmonary bypass using a usual dose of heparin 3 mg.kg-1. The effect of heparin was successfully reversed by the administration of protamine sulfate 6 mg.kg-1. Perioperative administration of fresh frozen plasma or protein C concentrates might be necessary to manage hypercoagulability in a patient with protein C deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[In vitro antibacterial activity of vancomycin in combination with panipenem against carbapenem-resistant MRSA].

The synergistic relationship between vancomycin (VCM) and carbapenem (CRB) has been reported in antibacterial activity against CRB-resistant strains of MRSA. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity against CRB-resistant MRSA using VCM, panipenem (PAPM), and a combination of both. 8 strains of CRB-resistant MRSA were used to examine the effects of these antibiotics by the broth microdiluton technique. The effect of pH (pH 6, 7, 8) on MIC of VCM alone was not observed in 7 out of 8 strains; MICs were between 1.0-2.0 micrograms/ml. PAPM alone, however, showed an enhancing tendency in alkaline condition in 6 out of 8 strains. There was no influence of pH on MICs in the combination use of VCM and PAPM, showing additive effect in 1 strain and synergistic in 6 strains. Killing-curves against PAPM-resistant MRSA were examined under the following drug combinations; 1/4 MIC of VCM (0.5 micrograms/ml) plus 1/4 MIC of PAPM (16 micrograms/ml), and 1/4 MIC of VCM plus 1/8 MIC of PAPM (8 micrograms/ml). The former drug combination showed synersistic effect; decrease from 1.05 x 10(5) to 6.45 x 10(4) CFU/ml after 6 hours' incubation and to less than 10 CFU/ml after 24 hours. The latter drug combination showed synergistic activity (2.68 x 10(2) CFU/ml) after 24 hours' incubation, but lost antibacterial activity after 48 hours. In conclusion, PAPM in combination with VCM showed synergistic effects on CRB-resistant MRSA. This combination therapy should be evaluated for the treatment of MRSA infection in patients with renal dysfunction.

Carbapenems↗
PubMed1998

[Transformation of myelofibrosis into acute myelogenous leukemia (M0) with multiple tumor emboli].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted in August 1995 complaining of abdominal pain. A diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia had been made in 1987, and myelofibrosis developed in the patient thereafter. Physical examination revealed massive hepatosplenomegaly, and the peripheral blood showed leukoerythroblastosis with chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood cells. In May, 1996, blastic transformation occurred. Based on the findings of surface marker analysis, the blasts met the diagnostic criteria for acete myelogenous leukemia because they were negative for peroxidase and positive for CD13. In June, the patient died of multiple organ failure. Postmortem examination revealed multiple tumor emboli.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1997

Co-mutagenicity of glyco- and tauro-deoxycholic acids in the Ames test.

Mutagenicity and co-mutagenicity of glyco- and tauro-deoxycholic acids (GDCA and TDCA), which are abundant in human bile, were examined by the Ames test. The two chemicals were not mutagenic for themselves to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with and without S9 mix. They enhanced, however, the mutagenic activities of the pro-mutagens, 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), for both TA98 and TA100 with S9 mix. They were more co-mutagenic for the pro-mutagens on TA98 than on TA100. On TA98, the mutagenic activities of 2AA with GDCA (5 mumol/plate) and with TDCA (5 mumol/plate) were 9.7-fold and 11.8-fold as high as that of the corresponding control (2AA only), respectively. BaP with GDCA (2.5 mumol/plate) and with TDCA (2.5 mumol/plate) showed 2.8-fold and 3.0-fold increases over the corresponding control level (BaP only), respectively. It is hence concluded that GDCA and TDCA may enhance the activity of some mutagens existing in bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prolonged hypothermic cardiac storage with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution: comparison with glucose-insulin-potassium and University of Wisconsin solutions.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution after prolonged cold storage with that of the conventional glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions in experimental heart preservation. GIK solution was chosen as a control to mimic current clinical regimens. Variables of cardiac function, myocardial tissue water, and adenine nucleotide pool metabolites were used to assess prolonged myocardial preservation in the isolated rat heart model. METHODS: Hearts isolated from male Wistar rats were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus to estimate baseline cardiac function. The hearts were divided into three groups (n=6 per group) according to each preservation solution used: group 1, GIK solution; group 2, UW solution; and group 3, HTK solution. The hearts were then arrested and stored in each solution for 6, 8, and 12 hr at 4 degrees C. After storage, the hearts were reperfused and recovery of cardiac function and myocardial tissue water content were evaluated. Myocardial adenylate contents just after storage in each group (n=5 hearts/group) were also measured. RESULTS: The hearts stored in HTK solution showed maintenance of cardiac function at up to 8 hr of almost 80% of prepreservative baseline function; however, recovery of cardiac function of the hearts stored in UW solution revealed an initial loss of function at 6 hr of almost 60% and a decline to 50% at 8 hr. Furthermore, recovery of cardiac function of the hearts stored in GIK solution revealed a progressive loss of function at 6 hr of storage of almost 50% and a decline to 30% at 8 hr of storage. The myocardial ATP/ADP ratios after 6 hr of storage in HTK and UW solutions were significantly higher than the ratio found in GIK solution. Although the myocardial ATP/ADP ratio after 8 hr of storage in HTK solution was maintained above 50%, the ratios in GIK and UW solutions declined to 15%. In addition, the myocardial energy charge values of the hearts stored in HTK solution were sufficiently maintained until 8 hr of storage, whereas the values in UW and GIK solutions declined to below 50% at 6 hr of storage and 20% at 8 hr of storage. Although there were no significant differences in tissue water contents after 6 and 8 hr of storage among the three groups, the water contents of the hearts after 12 hr of storage in HTK and UW solutions were significantly lower than that of the hearts stored in GIK solution. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HTK solution is much more effective than UW and GIK solutions for isolated rat heart preservation; however, successful cold storage of the heart is highly energy-dependent, and a dramatic breakdown of myocardial energy level, which causes a crucial decline in cardiac function, occurs between 8 and 12 hr of storage.

Adenosine↗