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Biomedical subjects

Y Saito

Publications and source records attributed to Y Saito.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Comparison of 1% and 2% lidocaine epidural anaesthesia combined with sevoflurane general anaesthesia utilizing a constant bispectral index.

BACKGROUND: The authors compared the effects of epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine 1% and lidocaine 2% on haemodynamic variables, sevoflurane requirements, and stress hormone responses during surgery under combined epidural/general anaesthesia with bispectral index score (BIS) kept within the range 40-50. METHODS: Thirty-three patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomly divided into two groups to receive lidocaine 1% or 2% by epidural with sevoflurane general anaesthesia. Sevoflurane was adjusted to achieve a target BIS of 40-50 during maintenance of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide 60% in oxygen. Measurements included the inspired (FI(SEVO)) and the end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations (E'(SEVO)), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) before surgery and every 5 min during surgery for 2 h. Plasma samples were taken immediately before and during surgery for measurements of catecholamines, cortisol, and lidocaine. RESULTS: During surgery, both groups were similar for HR, BP and BIS, but FI(SEVO) and E'(SEVO) were significantly higher and more variable with lidocaine 1% than with 2%. Intraoperative plasma concentrations of epinephrine and cortisol were found to be higher with lidocaine 1% as compared with 2%. CONCLUSIONS: To maintain BIS of 40-50 during combined epidural/general anaesthesia for lower abdominal surgery, sevoflurane concentrations were lower and less variable with lidocaine 2% than with 1%. In addition, the larger concentration of lidocaine suppressed the stress hormone responses better.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative trait loci analysis for growth and carcass traits in a Meishan x Duroc F2 resource population.

We constructed a pig F2 resource population by crossing a Meishan sow and a Duroc boar to locate economically important trait loci. The F2 generation was composed of 865 animals (450 males and 415 females) from four F1 males and 24 F1 females and was genotyped for 180 informative microsatellite markers spanning 2,263.6 cM of the whole pig genome. Results of the genome scan showed evidence for significant quantitative trait loci (<1% genomewise error rate) affecting weight at 30 d and average daily gain on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 6, carcass yield on SSC 7, backfat thickness on SSC 7 and SSC X, vertebra number on SSC 1 and SSC 7, loin muscle area on SSC 1 and SSC 7, moisture on SSC 13, intramuscular fat content on SSC 7, and testicular weight on SSC 3 and SSC X. Moreover, 5% genomewise significant QTL were found for birth weight on SSC 7, average daily gain on SSC 4, carcass length on SSC 6, SSC 7, and SSC X and lightness (L value) on SSC 3. We identified 38 QTL for 28 traits at the 5% genomewise level. Of the 38 QTL, 24 QTL for 17 traits were significant at the 1% genomewise level. Analysis of marker genotypes supported the breed of origin results and provided further evidence that a suggestive QTL for circumference of cannon bone also was segregating within the Meishan parent. We identified genomic regions related with growth and meat quality traits. Fine mapping will be required for their application in introgression programs and gene cloning.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease.

AIMS: Since 1979 the diseased kidneys of 96 patients on replacement therapy with chronic renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis have been followed to investigate the development of acquired cysts and tumors. This is a report of the 20-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six patients were followed using periodic CT scan and were divided into hemodialysis, renal transplantation, bilateral nephrectomy and deceased groups during the follow-up. In the hemodialysis group, 36 patients (19 males, 17 females) were followed for 20 years. RESULTS: Kidney volumes which were 57.8 (1.51) (geometric mean (geometric SD)) ml at start of the follow-up had become 185.3 (2.03) ml 20 years later in males, and in females, 57.3 (1.64) ml had become 99.7 (2.36) ml. The increased rate was 3.2 (2.06) fold in males and 1.7 (2.57) fold in females. This enlargement of the kidneys was due to acquired cysts. Kidney volumes at the 20-year follow-up had increased more significantly than those at the 15-year follow-up in males; however, kidney volumes at the 20-year follow-up had not changed in females, if compared with data at the 15-year follow-up. Kidney volumes in males at 20-year follow-up were significantly larger than those in females (p = 0.0232). Males with more than 3.2-fold in kidney volume increase at the 20-year follow-up were under the age of 40 at entry into this study (p = 0.0055), although the correlation between the degree of kidney volume increase and age was not significant (p = 0.0910). Kidney volumes in the transplantation group remained small. There was no new renal cell carcinoma development after 15-year follow-up except for the local recurrence of a previous operated case. Although 7 of 44 patients died during the past 20 years due to malignancy, no patient died of renal cell carcinoma because of early detection and treatment. One patient died of retroperitoneal bleeding, which is a complication of acquired renal cystic disease. CONCLUSION: Male preponderance of acquired cysts was maintained at the 20-year follow-up. There was a tendency for the rate of increase in acquired renal cystic disease to be larger in young males. No one died of renal cell carcinoma, although the incidence of renal cell carcinoma was high.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed2003

[A device to prevent an air-leakage after a thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax].

PURPOSE: In a thoracoscopic surgery for the patient with spontaneous pneumothorax, an air-leakage from the staple-line is one of the most troublesome complications. Recently we have been using a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sleeve for staple-line reinforcement. The purpose of this study was to investigate an efficacy of staple-line reinforcement in the patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung resection using an automatic stapler. OBJECTS: Last 4 years, 55 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax underwent thoracoscopic surgery using an automatic stapler. PGA sleeve was used in 19 patients as PGA group, fibrin glue was applied to the staple-line in 6 patients as fibrin group and no staple-line reinforcement was applied in 30 patients as no-reinforce group. We investigated the efficacy of staple-line reinforcement according to the results after surgery in these 3 groups. RESULTS: Average drainage time in PGA group, fibrin group and no-reinforce group were 2.1, 2.2 and 2.8 days, respectively. In PGA group, the drainage time after surgery tended to be short term. The relapse of pneumothorax after surgery developed in 2 patients in PGA group (10.5%) and 8 patients in non-reinforce group (26.7%). In PGA group, the relapse after surgery tended to be low rate. CONCLUSIONS: Bioabsorbable PGA sleeve could be an useful device for a staple-line reinforcement in the patients who underwent lung resection using automatic stapler.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Linking chiral indices and transport properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes.

We performed in situ transport measurements in a transmission-electron microscope (TEM) on individual double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT). Using selected-area electron diffraction, the chiral indices of the two tubes constituting the DWNTs were determined through careful comparison with theory. We discuss the case of a DWNT whose two tubes have a gap at half filling and show a finite density of delocalized state at the Fermi level. The exact determination of chiral indices should be reachable in any transport-measurement experiment with samples that allow TEM characterization.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Greater trunk muscle torque reduces postmenopausal bone loss at the spine independently of age, body size, and vitamin D receptor genotype in Japanese women.

Bone mineral density (BMD) is affected by muscle strength. Recently, vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype was reported to affect muscle strength as well as BMD in Caucasian women. The aim of this study was to evaluate independent effects of muscle strength of the trunk on BMD at the spine and its change over time in Japanese women. We followed 119 healthy postmenopausal women for 4 years and determined the change in BMD at the spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isometric peak torque and isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors were measured. The VDR genotype was determined by the PCR-RFLP method based on Apa I and Taq I endonuclease digestions defining the absence/existence of the restriction sites as A/a and T/t, respectively. The subjects were 60.1 +/- 6.6 years old, had 0.808 +/- 0.159 g/cm2 of BMD at baseline. The mean annual change in BMD (delta BMD) was -5.6 +/- 10.4 mg/cm2 during the follow-up period. The VDR genotype, defined by Taq I enzyme, significantly related to BMD at baseline and delta BMD showing that the subjects with genotype TT had the lowest BMD at baseline and lost bone most rapidly. However, its effect on muscle strength was not significant. All the trunk muscle strength indices showed significant positive effects on delta BMD, that is, the effects in increasing the gain and reducing the loss of BMD, after controlling for the effects of age, body size and the VDR genotype. The eccentric trunk extensor torque had a significant positive effect on delta BMD in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of this torque was the greatest among all the muscle indices. The net effect of the trunk extensor torque on delta BMD was greater than that of the VDR genotype. The trunk muscle strength was suggested to affect BMD change independently of age, body size, and the VDR genotype. Exercise programs to increase the strength of the trunk muscles would be beneficial for the prevention of osteoporosis regardless of the VDR genotypes.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

Effects of nutrition on the cell survival and gene expression of transplanted fat tissues in mice.

Fat tissue transplantation is a useful and common clinical technique in the plastic and reconstructive surgeries. To know the nutritional effects on the survival and maintenance of fat grafts, the weights of tissues and cell sizes, and the gene expressions in the fat tissues were analyzed 14 days after transplantation. The body weight and the plasma insulin level in high nutritional group (HNG) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in low nutritional group (LNG), respectively. The measurements of cell size showed that there were 32.5% distributed in the diameter less than 2 microm in LNG, significantly higher than 28.5% in HNG. There were 7.5% distributed in the diameter more than 6 microm in LNG, significantly lower than 10.0% in HNG. The mRNA levels of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor were 2.0-, 1.5-, and 1.7-fold higher in HNG than those in LNG, respectively. The levels of hormone sensitive lipase and hexokinase 2 transcripts were not significantly different in both groups. These results show that the systemic nutritional status in host causes the changes of cell size and tissue weight as well as gene expression in the transplanted fat using mice model. The nutritional condition is probably important for the fat graft clinically both as lipid-storage and functional cells.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2002

Periodate-treated, non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene (NAC-HCPS) affects angiogenesis and inhibits subcutaneous induced tumour growth and metastasis to the lung.

Periodate-treated, non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene consists of about ten periodate-oxidized, alkaline-degraded low molecular weight-heparin chains linked to a polystyrene core and has a markedly lower anti-coagulant activity than heparin. In this study, we evaluated the effect of non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene on tumour growth and metastasis. Non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene has a higher activity to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor-165-, fibroblast growth factor-2- or hepatocyte growth factor-induced human microvascular endothelial cell growth than heparin, ten periodate-oxidized-heparin and ten periodate-oxidized-low molecular weight-heparin, which is probably due to the heparin-clustering effect of non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene. Non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene inhibited human microvascular endothelial cell, B16 melanoma and Lewis lung cancer cell adhesion to Matrigel-coated plates. Non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene also showed strong inhibitory activities in the tubular formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel and B16-melanoma and Lewis lung cancer cell invasion in a Matrigel-coated chamber assay. In vivo studies showed that growth of subcutaneous induced tumours and lung metastasis of B16-melanoma and Lewis lung cancer cells were more effectively inhibited by non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene than ten periodate-oxidized-heparin and ten periodate-oxidized-low molecular weight-heparin. Furthermore, non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene markedly reduced the number of CD34-positive vessels in subcutaneous Lewis lung cancer tumours, indicating a strong inhibition of angiogenesis. These results suggest that non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene has an inhibitory activity on angiogenesis and tumour invasion and may be very useful in cancer therapy.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2002

Early-onset, rapidly progressive familial tauopathy with R406W mutation.

An early-onset and rapidly progressive familial tauopathy with R406W mutation is described. The patient was a 47-year-old man who first presented with psychiatric symptoms followed by overt dementia at age 52 and died 1 year later. Postmortem study revealed tangle-associated neuronal degeneration, accentuated in the medial temporal lobe. R406W mutation was determined by sequence analysis and immunocytochemically with anti-mutant tau antibody.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2002

Alopecia related to low dose oral contraceptive.

We present a patient with diffuse baldness related to low dose oral contraceptive (LD-OC). Although LD-OC scarcely induce troublesome side effects if prescribed in accordance with Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients Guideline, this trouble might become a source of poor compliance to LD-OCs.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Gene expression profiling of Ca2+-atpase inhibitor DTBHQ and antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Ca2+ signaling is critical for mast cell activation by antigen stimulation, and we previously described that the signaling can be mimicked by Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors. We therefore investigated the effect of the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor and antigen stimulation on the gene expression profiles of RBL-2H3 mast cells. MATERIAL: A Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ), an antigen (dinitrophenylated BSA), a high-density oligonucleotide microarray (Affymetrix GeneChip) technique, and a well-characterized rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 were used. TREATMENT: RBL-2H3 cells were activated for 3 h with 10 microM DTBHQ, which increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, or 10 microg/ml antigen, which cross-links IgE receptors, and the mRNA expression profiles (8,799 genes) were analyzed with GeneChip arrays (n = 3). METHODS: Expression levels were measured by GeneChip, and the differences were tested by Welch's t-test and P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Values are expressed as means +/- SEM. RESULTS: The genes, including MCP-1, GADD45, Relaxin H1, CSF-1, c-jun-oncogene, Pyk-2, NKR-P2 and CREM, were significantly up-regulated by both DTBHQ and antigen stimuli, whereas the genes including interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-9, IL-13, GADD153, butyrate response factor, and Fas ligand, were up-regulated by DTBHQ alone. On the other hand, the expression of several genes, including GATA-1, were down-regulated by DTBHQ stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest 1) that DTBHQ seems to induce proinflammatory responses by stimulating the production of several cytokines through the expression of several transcription factors, 2) that the changes in gene expression profile induced by DTBHQ and by IgE receptor cross-linking in mast cells were almost the same, but many more stress-inducible genes like GADD 153 were up-regulated by the former.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Alterations of insulin sensitivity by the implantation of 3T3-L1 cells in nude mice. A role for TNF-alpha?

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Visceral adipocytes have different functions than those from the subcutaneous fat area. These differences could contribute to the pathological significance of excessive visceral fat accumulation for accompanying insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. This study addresses this hypothesis and describes a unique method to clarify whether the functional differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes depend on their anatomical location. METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells or TNF-alpha overexpressing CHO cells were implanted into subcutaneous fat area or mesenteric area as visceral fat area in athymic mice of BALB/C strain. Then, serum insulin, glucose, TNF-alpha, and several markers of lipid metabolism were measured in the fasting condition. OGTT was also analysed. RESULTS: During the course of glucose loading, the mice which had 3T3-L1 cells implanted into mesenteric area but not into subcutaneous fat area showed remarkably increased serum insulin and TMF-alpha concentrations, compared to the control mice. Moreover, serum insulin concentrations of the mice, implanted with TNF-alpha overexpressing cells into subcutaneous fat area, were apparently higher than that of control mice. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: This method of implanting adipose cells into subcutaneous or visceral fat area showed high TNF-alpha concentration and insulin resistance by the adipose cells in visceral area of nude mice. Furthermore, we found that the functional significance of visceral fat accumulation for TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance is partly caused by the interaction of adipocytes with surrounding conditions in mesenteric area.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2002

A case of apolipoprotein C-II deficiency with coronary artery disease.

A 56-year-old male with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency experienced a myocardial infarction without pancreatitis. A coronary angiogram showed complete occlusions of both the right and circumflex coronary arteries. His serum lipid levels were as follows: fasting total cholesterol 3.15 mmol/l; postprandial total cholesterol 3.62 mmol/l; fasting triglycerides 1.46 mmol/A; postprandial triglycerides 6.14 mmol/l; fasting high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol 0.47 mmol/l; and postprandial high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.36 mmol/l. His fasting level of plasma apolipoprotein C-II was 0.005 g/l, but his plasma levels of other apolipoproteins were within normal ranges. A DNA sequence analysis of the apolipoprotein C-II gene showed no mutations in exon 1, 2, 3, or 4, where most gene mutations related to apolipoprotein C-II deficiency occur. We report this patient's very rare heterozygous apolipoprotein C-II deficiency with coronary artery disease. Although this patient had some risk factors for coronary artery disease, coronary atherosclerosis in this patient might have occurred as a result of lipoprotein abnormalities caused by at least one mutation in the apolipoprotein C-II gene.

Apolipoprotein C-II↗
PubMed2002

High voltage electrical stimulation of the proximal hypoglossal nerve in normal subjects.

OBJECTIVES: It is often difficult to stimulate the proximal hypoglossal nerve by magnetic occipital stimulation, even in normal subjects. Therefore, we tested an improved method of stimulating the proximal hypoglossal nerve, using high voltage electrical stimulation. METHODS: The proximal hypoglossal nerve was activated by high voltage electrical stimulation using surface electrodes over the occipital skull. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded from the lingual muscles using surface electrodes in 10 normal subjects. CMAP and F waves produced by distal hypoglossal nerve stimulation and motor evoked potentials produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation were also recorded. RESULTS: When the anode electrode was placed at the mastoid process and the cathode below the inion, the unilateral proximal hypoglossal nerve was readily stimulated supramaximally in all the subjects. The CMAP latency was the same as that obtained with magnetic occipital stimulation. The central motor conduction time (CMCT) calculated from the proximal CMAP was 4.1+/-0.4 ms in the contralateral corticobulbar tract and 4.4+/-0.4 ms in the ipsilateral. The CMCT calculated from the minimal F wave latency was 3.3+/-0.2 ms. CONCLUSIONS: The high voltage electrical stimulation is a useful method for stimulating the proximal hypoglossal nerve to estimate the CMCT of the corticobulbar tract.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Activation of pulmonary T cells in corticosteroid-resistant and -sensitive interstitial pneumonitis in dermatomyositis/polymyositis.

To study the activation states and cytokine profiles of pulmonary T cells in corticosteroid-resistant and corticosteroid-sensitive interstitial pneumonitis (IP) in dermatomyositis (DM)/polymyositis (PM), we examined the activation markers and cytokine profiles of T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with IP in DM/PM before prednisolone therapy and then compared the activation states of T cells according to the therapeutic response of IP to prednisolone therapy. CD25+ CD4+ T cells in BALF were significantly increased in both corticosteroid-resistant and corticosteroid-sensitive IP in DM/PM as compared with those in controls without IP. Furthermore, CD25+ CD4+ T cells in BALF were significantly more increased in corticosteroid-resistant IP than those in cortico teroid- sensitive IP. Moreover, CD25+ CD8+ T cells in BALF were significantly increased only in corticosteroid-resistant IP, but not in corticosteroid-sensitive IP or controls without IP. IFN-gamma mRNA was detected in BALF T cells in corticosteroid-resistant and corticosteroid-sensitive IP but not in controls without IP, whereas IL-4 mRNA was virtually undetected in BALF T cells in both the IP groups. However, there were no significant differences in CD4/CD8 ratio of BALF T cells, HLA-DR+ BALF T cells or CD25+ and HLA-DR+ peripheral blood T cells between the two IP groups. These results indicate that activated Th1-type pulmonary T cells play an important role in the development of corticosteroid- resistant IP in DM/PM and that the increase in CD25+ CD8+ T cells in BALF is a useful indicator for corticosteroid-resistant IP in DM/PM and hence may be an indicator for early use of cyclosporin.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed2002

Mobilization factors of peripheral blood stem cells in healthy donors.

As a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation, the use of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) has become routine and comparable to that of the use of bone marrow. Recently, elderly patients with hematological malignancies also have been allowed to receive minitransplantations with nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens under sufficient PBSC infusion. As a result of these minitransplantations, elderly donors have been chosen increasingly from the siblings of elderly patients. We analyzed factors influencing the condition of CD34+ cells in the first days of collection in 49 healthy donors from July 1995 to January 2001. The median dose of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was 8 microg/kg/day (range 8 - 10) over 3 days. The target number of CD34+ cells used in this study was > or = 3 x 10(6) cells/kg of recipient body weight. The median apheresis volume was 12 L. Except for one 60 year old man, we obtained an adequate number of stem cells. In the regression analysis, a negative correlation was seen between donor age and the number of CD34+ cells/kg of recipient body weight per 12 L volume (Y = aX + b; a = -0.07507; b = 6.629996; r = -0.50985; p = 0.000252). Significantly higher apheresis results were obtained in donors younger than 45 years compared with donors 45 years old and older (p < 0.0227). There were no correlations among the number of CD34+ cells, donor body weight, and the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood on the first day of apheresis.

Adolescent↗