[Acute spontaneous arterial subdural hematoma: a case report].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Y S Fu
Publications and source records attributed to Y S Fu.
Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid heterogeneity of ovarian borderline malignant serous tumors.
Sixteen borderline malignant serous ovarian tumors and seven well-differentiated invasive serous ovarian carcinomas were examined with the technique of Feulgen microspectrophotometry for the determination of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy patterns (diploid versus aneuploid) and ploidy levels of the stem cell lines. Of the nine stage I-II borderline malignant tumors, only one (11%) was aneuploid. In contrast, four of seven (57%) stage III borderline malignant neoplasms and all stage III carcinomas were aneuploid. The stem cell modal values in all borderline serous tumors were less than triploid (3N) while in five of seven carcinomas stem cell modal values were greater than triploidy. This contrast in ploidy patterns and ploidy levels may explain the differences in biologic behavior between borderline malignant serous tumors and invasive serous carcinomas of the ovary.
Adult↗
O.C.T. not a problem.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Pruritic vulvar squamous papillomatosis: evidence for human papillomavirus etiology.
The origin of squamous papillae of the vulvar vestibule is controversial. Although some are considered as asymptomatic normal variants of pelvic anatomy, a review of 12 cases of vulvar squamous papillae in patients visiting the Infectious Diseases Clinic at UCLA reveals a distinctly symptomatic variety. A syndrome complex of premonitory vulvar vestibular pruritus, pain or burning, dyspareunia, and progressive development of squamous papillae was noted. Microscopic examination of tissue specimens of the areas of squamous papillae reveals the presence of koilocytic change suggestive of viral infection with human papillomavirus. Furthermore, immunoperoxidase stain revealed human papillomavirus capsid antigen in two cases, which has heretofore not been reported in the literature to the authors' knowledge. Evidence of partner infection on physical examination of sexual partners of these women revealed changes consistent with human papillomavirus in four of six partners who were available for examination. Treatment with podophyllin, cryotherapy, laser, or a combination seems to give predictable resolution of the condition and associated symptoms.
Adolescent↗
Applications of quantitative microscopy in tumor pathology.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
DNA ploidy measurements in tissue sections.
Nuclear DNA ploidy measurements based on tissue sections, although technically tedious and time consuming, can provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information. Methods for minimizing distributional errors and optimizing interpretation of DNA histograms are presented, and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of DNA ploidy measurements in gynecologic cancer and its precursors is reviewed.
Cell Nucleus↗
Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: histologic variables associated with lymph node metastasis and survival.
One hundred and two patients were treated for primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix over a ten-year period from 1973 to 1982. Of these, 51 patients underwent initial surgical management that included a pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy with a radical hysterectomy or a surgical staging operation. Clinical lesion size, grade, and depth of stromal invasion were correlated with lymph node metastasis and survival. The incidence of positive lymph nodes was 14.6% for stage I and 40.0% for stage II. Positive lymph nodes were documented in none of 15 patients with lesions smaller than 2 cm, 16.7% (five of 30) with 2 to 4 cm, and 82.3% (five of six) with larger than 4 cm; 5.3% of grade 1 tumors, 11.1% of grade 2, and 50.0% of grade 3. There were no lymph node metastases (zero of six) in patients with a tumor that had a depth invasion of less than 2 mm, whereas positive nodes were found in 11.1% (two of 18) patients with 2 to 5 mm of invasion, 28.6% (two of seven) with 5 to 10 mm, and 57.1% (four of seven) with greater than 10 mm of invasion. Five-year survival was 82.9% for stage I and 42.9% for stage II patients; 91.7% with negative lymph nodes, and 10% with positive nodes (P less than .0001). The size of the primary tumor (P less than .0001), tumor grade (P less than .05), and depth of invasion (P less than .05) correlated with patient survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adenocarcinoma↗
Supraglottic edema in laryngeal papilloma: a clinical and morphologic study.
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Adult↗
Genital warts and cervical cancer. VI. The relationship between aneuploid and polyploid cervical lesions.
Human papillomaviral infection is now widely implicated in the causation of cervical neoplasia. Genotype analysis provides the best guide to biologic outcome; most polyploid lesions regress and most aneuploid ones persist or progress. This prospective survey examined the relationships between cell ploidy and 24 objectively validated criteria of human papillomaviral infection or premalignant change in 52 biopsies from a dysplasia clinic. Histologic evidence of benign warty expression and human papillomaviral capsid antigen production decreased steadily as DNA content ranged from diploidy to polyploidy to aneuploidy. In contrast, premalignant change increased with progressive distortion of nuclear DNA content. No absolute discriminants were found between polyploidy and aneuploidy, as evidenced by the detection of human papillomaviral proteins in three of 21 aneuploid epithelia and the recognition of abnormal mitotic figures in five of 17 polyploid lesions. Polyploid and aneuploid lesions differed only in severity, and it appears that some polyploid epithelia may be transition forms between diploidy and aneuploidy.
Animals↗
Genital warts and cervical cancer. V. The tissue basis of colposcopic change.
Histologic differences between subclinical papillomaviral infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are quantitative rather than qualitative. Both entities are characterized colposcopically by acetowhite epithelium and aberrant surface capillaries. This study correlates five new colposcopic signs (variations in contour, thickness, color, vascular patterns, and iodine staining) with 12 histologic signs of human papillomaviral infection and 12 features of premalignant change. Acetowhitening and capillary abnormalities in minor colposcopic lesions are attributable to human papillomaviral disturbance of cell growth and maturation, seen histologically as parabasal layer proliferation, papillomatosis, koilocytosis , and dyskeratosis. Alteration in cell ploidy is usually minimal. Major colposcopic abnormalities reflect extensive disorganization of cell phenotype and tissue architecture, increased DNA content, and aneuploid stem cell populations. Intermediate colposcopic patterns generally denote polyploid lesions in which tissue changes are a composite of two reciprocal events: the extent of benign warty expression and the severity of premalignant change.
Animals↗
Genital warts and cervical cancer. III. Subclinical papillomaviral infection and cervical neoplasia are linked by a spectrum of continuous morphologic and biologic change.
Human papillomaviral (HPV) infection is now widely advanced as an important etiologic factor in cervical cancer. This study was undertaken to clarify morphologic relationships within the biologic spectrum linking subclinical papillomaviral infection (SPI) to cervical intraepithelial (CIN). Two pathologists analyzed 72 colposcopic biopsies, using a semi-objective rating scheme that scored 24 different histologic criteria. Each individual criterion was checked for reproducibility, and validated against an objective measure of papillomaviral infection (immunoperoxidase staining) or premalignant change (microspectrophotometry). The individual criteria were then combined into histologic indices of benign warty change, presumed viral atypia, abnormal cell phenotype, and disturbed tissue maturation. Histologic expression of papillomaviral infection decreased with increasing degrees of premalignant change. Plotting the index of abnormal cell phenotype against that of disturbed tissue maturation produced a linear plot in which cases clustered into four diagnostic groups. The histologic indices of papillomaviral infection displayed significant curvilinear correlations with genotypic distortion, benign warty change being maximal in the CIN 1 range and presumed viral atypia in the CIN 2 range. Disturbance of nuclear DNA content also increased with worsening diagnosis; diploidy being most common in SPI (67%), polyploidy in CIN 1 (59%), and aneuploidy in CIN 2 (65%) and CIN 3 (82%). Conversely, capsid antigen production decreased from 36% in SPI to 9% in CIN 3. Three aneuploid epithelia were immunoperoxidase positive. These inverse relationships between late viral expression and nuclear distortion fit experimental models of viral oncogenesis. The gradual transition and morphologic overlap between diagnostic groups support the postulate that SPI and CIN are a single disease spectrum, in which differences are those of degree rather than of kind.
Adolescent↗
Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: histopathology and DNA content.
To evaluate the reliability of diagnostic criteria for separating intraepithelial squamous lesions into low- and high-risk categories, 25 lesions of the cervix were diagnosed as flat condyloma, atypical immature metaplasia, or cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia with koilocytosis based on well-defined histologic criteria. The presumption was that flat condyloma and atypical immature metaplasia would be diploid/polyploid as compared to low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which should be aneuploid. Using the major histologic parameter of the presence or absence of abnormal mitoses to distinguish the low- and high-risk lesions, it was found that all of five typical flat condylomas were diploid/polyploid and seven of eight atypical immature metaplastic lesions were diploid/polyploid; 11 of 13 cervical intraepithelial neoplasms with koilocytosis, however, were aneuploid. An additional histologic parameter of anisocytosis (variation in nuclear size) appeared much less reliable for segregating these lesions than the nature of the mitoses. Lesions for which ploidy values were particularly difficult to predict were extremely well-differentiated koilocytotic lesions with occasional abnormal mitoses. Whether these are true polyploid lesions in which the abnormal mitoses are a response to the virus, or whether they are very early aneuploid lesions that cannot be confirmed by microspectrophotometry, remains to be determined.
Aneuploidy↗
Spermatocytic seminoma. Ultrastructural and microspectrophotometric observations.
Spermatocytic seminoma of the testis is a specific clinicopathologic entity and a unique germ cell neoplasm without a homologous counterpart in the ovary or in extragonadal sites. Six spermatocytic seminomas were subjected to a detailed ultrastructural study, and seven spermatocytic seminomas were analyzed using microspectrophotometry. Five classic seminomas were also subjected to microspectrophotometric analysis for comparison. Ultrastructurally, spermatocytic seminoma cells were shown to contain a larger number of cytoplasmic organelles than classic seminoma, but they did not exhibit structures that are diagnostic of cells capable of meiotic division and precursors of acrosomes. Microspectrophotometric analysis confirmed the absence of haploid cells and indicated that spermatocytic seminoma cells have lower modal numbers than classic seminoma cells. The majority of spermatocytic seminomas exhibit hyperdiploid or peritriploid DNA modal values, whereas in classic seminomas these values range from peritriploid to peripentaploid. These findings support the view that spermatocytic seminoma represents a better differentiated variant of seminoma than the classic type, but they oppose the view that spermatocytic seminoma is composed of spermatocytes capable of meiotic division. It is considered that spermatocytic seminoma is composed of cells differentiating in the direction of spermatocytes but which have not yet reached this stage of differentiation.
Cell Differentiation↗
Histologic, nuclear DNA, and human papillomavirus studies of cervical condylomas.
Fifty-four cervical condylomatous lesions, with and without nuclear atypia, from 42 women, were studied with the Feulgen microspectrophotometric technique for nuclear DNA quantitation and an immunoperoxidase technique for human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen. All ordinary cervical condylomas (without atypia/dysplasia) had a diploid or polyploid nuclear DNA distribution; 61% had detectable HPV antigen. Among the cervical condylomas with atypia/dysplasia, 55% (17/31) had diploid or polyploid nuclear DNA pattern, and, of these, 59% (10/17) had demonstrable papillomavirus antigen. Fourteen (45%) were aneuploid lesions, 2 of which had a small number of cells with papillomavirus antigen (14%). These findings suggest that the majority of cervical condylomas are related to papillomavirus infection. That lesions with dysplasia, including high degrees of dysplasia, may also exhibit coexistence of papillomavirus infection suggests the possibility of an infectious etiology in the genesis of cervical squamous neoplasia.
Adolescent↗
Atypical immature metaplasia (AIM). A subset of human papilloma virus infection of the cervix.
Atypical immature squamous metaplasia (AIM) is a poorly understood lesion with uncertain biological and clinical significance. This report reviews 170 cases of cervical condylomata and 60 cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II/III); AIM was found in association with 34% of condylomata and 16% of high-grade CIN. Thirty-seven cases of AIM alone were reviewed and nearly all presented with a cytologic diagnosis of CIN I or condyloma and a colposcopic appearance of white epithelium with or without punctation and mosaic structure. The mean ages of patients with condylomata, AIM, CIN II, and CIN III were 27, 27, 32, and 37 years, respectively. By immunoperoxidase techniques 75% of condylomata, 16% of AIM, and 0% of CIN lesions were positive. The histologic criteria for the diagnosis of AIM and it's morphologic distinction from CIN and relationship to condylomata, are outlined. AIM is a distinct histologic entity that shares similar epidemiologic, morphologic and biologic characteristics with condyloma. When AIM is found alone in biopsy material, careful correlation of cytology, and biopsy results should be performed and therapy should be based on the size and distribution of the lesion.
Adult↗
Nuclear DNA content of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix and its relationship to prognosis.
A study was performed to determine if ploidy levels of nuclear DNA content could be used as a prognostic index of the biologic behavior of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young females. Forty tumors were examined. Four patterns of nuclear DNA distribution were identified: (1) peridiploid stem cell lines (2N to 3N); (2) peritetraploid stem cell lines (3N to 5N); (3) hypertetraploid stem cell lines (greater than 5N); and (4) highly aneuploid without detectable stem cell lines. Tumors having peridiploid and peritetraploid stem cell lines (low ploidy group) were most often clinical Stage I or II (87%) and were in general associated with a favorable prognosis. Tumors having hypertetraploid stem cell lines and highly aneuploid distribution (high ploidy group) were usually clinical Stage III or IV (65%). Clinically advanced tumors (Stage III or IV) had poor prognosis irrespective of ploidy level. Among the clinical Stage I and II tumors, the low ploidy group had a slightly better prognosis than the high ploidy group. This difference, however, was not statistically significant.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Papillomavirus structural antigens in condyloma acuminatum of the male urethra.
Current developments in the technology of viral identification have rekindled interest in the relationship of human papillomaviruses, condylomata acuminata and neoplasia. Although important observations are being reported in the female genital system the association of human papillomavirus and mucosal condylomata in male patients has not been well documented. Using the horseradish peroxidase technique and antisera to papillomaviruses, viral antigens were identified in 62 per cent of male patients with urethral condylomata acuminata. The implications of this relationship are discussed briefly.
Adult↗
Cervical papillomavirus infection in diethylstilbestrol-exposed progeny.
Histologic sections from cervical and vaginal biopsies showing dysplasia in 37 women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero were stained for human papillomavirus structural antigens using an immunoperoxidase technique. Forty-three percent of the lesions had detectable papillomavirus antigens. These findings indicate that a significant proportion of cervical dysplasia observed in DES-exposed progeny is associated with papillomavirus infection.
Animals↗