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Biomedical subjects

Y Rolland

Publications and source records attributed to Y Rolland.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of carboxy-angiography in the study of arteriopathy of the lower limbs].

PURPOSE: We prospectively compared the safety and the usefulness of CO2 with iodinated contrast material in the study of lower limb arteries. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The study included 30 patients (20 men, 10 women, mean age 67) suffering from lower limb ischemia: stage II (3), stage III (13), stage IV (9), Leriche syndrome (1), post-operative (4). We systemically performed an aortic injection (L3), via a 4F catheter, of (1) CO2-DSA (5 to 6 injections of 75 ml at a flow rate of 20 ml/s) and (2) DSA with iodine contrast material (100 ml at a flow rate of 8 ml/s). Patients were monitored for pain and vital signs. Four reviewers did a subjective evaluation of the vessel visibility at five levels (pelvis, thigh, knee, calf, ankle). RESULTS: No side effect was found. Concerning pain, the patients had the same sensation in 53%; pain was more disagreeable with CO2 in 40%, more disagreeable with iodine in 7%. Concerning vessel visualization, there was a good coherence between the readers and we found the same quality in 61%. CO2 was less informative in 35%, and more informative in 4%. Image quality decreased with fragmentation of the gas and remoteness of injection site. CONCLUSION: CO2 angiography, with electronic injection, is a safe alternative to conventional angiography with iodinated contrast material. The disagreeable sensations can be reduced with explanations given before injection and reducing flow rate. Image stacking software could imitate the side effects of fragmentation of the CO2 bubble. This method appears to be a good alternative for patients with severe renal impairment or allergic problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Value of automated medical indexing of an image database and a digital radiological library].

We indexed the contents of a radiology server on the web to facilitate access to research documents and to link reference texts to images contained in radiology databases. Indexation also allows case reports to be transformed with no supplementary work into formats compatible with computer-assisted training. Indexation was performed automatically by ADM-Index, the aim being to identify the medical concepts expressed within each medical text. Two types of texts were indexed: medical imaging reference books (Edicerf) and case reports with illustrations and captions (Iconocerf). These documents are now available on a web server with HTML format for Edicerf and on an Oracle database for Iconocerf. When the user consults a chapter of a book or a case report, the indexed terms are displayed in the heading; all reference texts and case reports containing the indexed terms can then be called up instantaneously. The user can express his search in natural language. Indexation follows the same process allowing instantaneous recall of all reference texts and case reports where the same concept appears in the diagnosis or clinical context. By using the context of the case reports as the search index, all case reports involving a common medical concept can be found. The context is interpreted as a question. When the user responds to this question, ADM-Index compares this response with the answer furnished by the reference texts and case reports. Correct or erroneous responses can thus be identified, converting the system into a computer-assisted training tool.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1996

Mechanism of inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production by chlorpromazine and its derivatives in mice.

In previous work, we reported that chlorpromazine inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, and protects against lipopolysaccharide toxicity. Chlorpromazine is used as an antipsychotic and has several effects on the central nervous system. It acts on different neurotransmitter receptors and has other biochemical activities some of which, like inhibition of phospholipase A2, might be responsible for the inhibitory effect on TNF production. To investigate the role of these actions in the inhibition of TNF production by chlorpromazine, we have synthesized some chlorpromazine derivatives that do not have central activities. Some of these analogs have lost their affinity for various receptors and their phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity, but still inhibit TNF production. No correlation was found between TNF inhibition and the ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthase, whereas a good correlation was evident between TNF inhibition and antioxidant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.

Seven 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine and 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-demethoxyacronycine esters and diesters were synthesized via osmic oxidation of acronycine or 6-demethoxyacronycine followed by acylation. The 6-demethoxyacronycine derivatives were found to be inactive, whereas in contrast, all of the acronycine derivatives were more potent than acronycine itself when tested against L1210 cells in vitro. Four selected acronycine derivatives (17,19, 21, and 22) were evaluated in vivo against murine P388 leukemia and colon 38 adenocarcinoma implanted in mice. All compounds were markedly active against P388 at doses 4-16-fold lower than acronycine itself. Against the colon 38 adenocarcinoma, the three compounds 17, 21, and 22 were highly efficient. 1,2-Diacetoxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine (17) was the most active, all the treated mice being tumor-free on day 23.

Acridines↗
PubMed1996

Accelerated myelination in early Sturge-Weber syndrome: MRI-SPECT correlations.

The prognosis of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is partly related to early occurrence of seizures but the diagnosis of this phakomatosis may be difficult during the 1st year of life. We have performed a retrospective study of seven patients with confirmed SWS (age 7 days to 3 months). None of the patients was asymptomatic at the time of the study. They all underwent MRI (T1 and T2 sequences) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at the same time. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured using xenon-133. In all cases, myelination appeared to be accelerated in the areas underlying the leptomeningeal angioma on both MRI sequences. In five cases, SPECT showed hyperperfusion in the damaged hemisphere. In one case, the SPECT was symmetrical and in another it showed hypoperfusion in the damaged hemisphere which was already atrophied. These data suggest that the accelerated myelination is not related to ischemia but to transient hyperperfusion. This MRI pattern can be helpful for the early diagnosis of SWS, which is of utmost importance for preventive antiepileptic treatment.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1996

[Contribution of post mortem skull scanning for the study of sudden infant death].

BACKGROUND: Despite post-mortem examination and autopsy, many cases of sudden infant death (SID) remain unexplained. The aim of this study was to assess usefulness of CT-scan in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). POPULATION: Twenty-three cases of SIDS had a post-mortem CT-scan evaluation of skull and brain. The pictures were retrospectively reviewed by several independent radiologists who were unaware of the circumstances of death and results of autopsy. RESULTS: Aspects of pneumatocele, probably due to lumbar puncture were found in 6 cases. The subarachnoid spaces appeared inexplically hyperdense, as they were not correlated to the results of lumbar puncture and autopsy. The ventricles were normal in size or density. Density of the dural sinuses (superfical and deep) was often increased, an aspect possibly artefactual, due to post-mortem thrombosis. The cerebral parenchyma was often slighty hypodense; microcalcifications due to congenital toxoplasmosis were found in one case. CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between the CT-scan imaging and the delay of death and lumbar puncture. Infants with or without subarachnoid hemorrage had the same CT scan findings. The CT-scan has a poor value when autopsy is performed; in its absence, it could be useful for diagnosing post-traumatic intracerebral hematoma.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of 2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine glycosides.

PURPOSE: Combination of the acronycine pharmacophore with various sugar units appeared of interest, since numerous anticancer agents possess a sugar moiety, which strongly influence both their bioavailability and their selective toxicity towards tumor cells. METHODS: A series of 2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine glycosides were synthetized, by condensation of the racemic aglycone with appropriate glycoside donors. Their effect on the inhibition of L1210 cell proliferation were evaluated. RESULTS: Compounds 6a, 6b, 11a, 11b, and 12a, 12b, including a halogenated sugar moiety displayed activities of the same order of magnitude as acronycine itself. Compounds 7a, 7b, and 8a, 8b, bearing a 2.3.6-trideoxy-3-azido-L-lyxo- and L-arabino-hexopyranose unit respectively, were significantly more potent than acronycine in inhibiting cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The activity of 2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine glycosides seems to be related to the lipophilicity of the sugar unit.

Acronine↗
PubMed1996

Recurrent right hemiplegia associated with progressive ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND: Ipsilateral sensory motor symptoms associated with carotid artery stenosis are rare, and few reports are available in the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a 50-year-old man who presented with right hemiplegia that recurred 14 months later. A left hemisphere watershed infarction was detected. Repeated angiograms showed a left internal carotid occlusion and a right internal carotid stenosis that initially measured 50% and worsened to 80% after the second stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated quantitative measurements of cerebrovascular reserve demonstrated the hemodynamic mechanism of the strokes and the role of a right internal carotid lesion in causing the recurrence of right hemiplegia.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of acronycine derivatives modified at the pyran ring.

Nitration of acronycine (1) and 6-demethoxyacronycine (3) afforded 2-nitroacronycine (2) and 2-nitro-6-demethoxyacronycine (4), respectively. Reduction of 2-nitroacronycine yielded, depending on the conditions, 2-nitro-1,2-dihydroacronycine (5), 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroacronycine oxime (7) or 2-amino-1,2-dihydroacronycine (6). This latter was readily converted into 2-dimethylamino-1,2-dihydroacronycine (8), 2-acetylamino-1,2-dihydro-acronycine (9) and 2-benzoylamino-1,2-dihydroacronycine (10). The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated against L1210 leukemia cells. Compounds 2 and 7 were 300- and 10-fold more potent than acronycine in inhibiting L1210 cell proliferation, respectively. Compound 2 was devoid of antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and C38 colon adenocarcinoma.

Acronine↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-(9-hydroxy-5-methyl (and 5,6-dimethyl)-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazol-1-yl)picolinic amides as new olivacine derivatives.

Starting from 2-(6-methoxy-1-methylcarbazol-2-yl)ethylamine and diethyl-2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate, the title compounds were obtained through five or six steps. The new compounds retained significant cytotoxicity towards various tumor cell lines, but in vivo studies on murine P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma showed a lowered antitumor activity with respect to that of the related olivacine lead compound 1.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Atrophy of the supraspinatus belly. Assessment by MRI in 55 patients with rotator cuff pathology.

A study of 5 fresh cadaveric shoulders demonstrated that an oblique-sagittal plane which crosses the scapula through the medial border of the coracoid process offers a view of the supraspinatus fossa mostly limited by bone. This view could easily be reproduced by MRI and we called it the Y-shaped view. It allowed a reliable measurement of supraspinatus muscle atrophy by the calculation of the occupation ratio (R) which is the ratio between the surface of the cross-section of the muscle belly and that of the fossa. This ratio was calculated in a prospective study based on 55 shoulders divided into 3 groups with different rotator cuff status: group I, 15 controls; group II, 10 degenerative cuffs, without tears; group III, 30 operated tears. There was no difference between groups I (mean ratio 0.7) and II (mean ratio 0.62), but the ratio was decreased in group III (mean ratio 0.44), in which the extent of the tear in both the sagittal and coronal planes aggravated the muscle atrophy. We propose a three-stage classification to improve indications for rotator cuff tear treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Corpus callosum agenesis and parasagittal interhemispheric cyst].

We report the association of a corpus callosum agenesis with a parasagittal interhemispheric cyst, without cortical malformation. This rare malformation is related to an early disorder in embryogenesis. The importance of the anatomic abnormalities compared with the good clinical status is remarkable. MR findings avoid misdiagnosis with a medial interhemispheric cyst associated to corpus callosum agenesis in which the prognosis is unpredictable.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1996

[Preliminary evaluation of the performance of 3D morphometer and spiral scanner in carotid stenoses].

Carotid stenosis evaluation is now possible with 3D Imaging. We prospectively compared the diagnostic value of Spiral CT and 3D Morphometer with conventional intraarterial DSA considered as the gold standard. We studied 19 bifurcations in 10 patients. We evaluated the stenosis following the NASCET guidelines on the DSA, with common carotid injection, on the 3D databases of 3D morphometer and of spiral CT (using MIP display). There was a good correlation between the degree of stenosis calculated with the 3D morphometer and angiography even if severe stenoses were slightly overestimated with the former. For the spiral CT databases, accurate diameters were impossible to obtain in case of huge calcifications. There was no benefit of measuring the surfaces on reoriented axial views in comparison with native axial views and MIP images. With the 3D morphometer, post processing selective visualization of the carotid bifurcations is possible without selective injection. The 3D acquisition with 3D morphometer could be an additional acquisition of a standard DSA. It should replace selective injections and should reduce the side effects of angiography.

Angiography↗