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Biomedical subjects

Y Robin

Publications and source records attributed to Y Robin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Rapid direct diagnosis of mumps meningitis by ELISA capture technique.

ELISA capture technique (ELISAc) was carried out using a rabbit hyperimmune serum attached to a solid phase for capturing mumps antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with meningitis and/or in supernatants of infected Vero cells. A biotin-labelled rabbit serum prepared from the previous serum was added and the reaction was read by an enzymatic (avidine-peroxidase) reaction by automated reading. The cut-off was calculated in 100 CSFs negative for viruses by conventional diagnosis. The specificity was evaluated in Vero cells infected with 22 CSFs collected from vaccinated children (URABE AM9 attenuated vaccine) who developed meningitis. A guinea pig hyperimmune serum confirmed the specificity. Results in culture correlated with the ELISA capture technique (ELISAc). No cross-reactivity was observed with parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 human reference strains. At least 2.5 ngs of purified mumps proteins were detected corresponding to 10(1.5) infectious particles per ml. ELISAc applied directly to 14 CSFs collected from unvaccinated children with meningitis diagnosed five positive cases, whereas in four cases conventional diagnosis had to be undertaken twice. ELISAc permitted the diagnosis of one additional patient. The test can be carried out in 3 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of malaria in French Guiana].

A malaria investigation in the 1970-1986 period in French Guiana shows an increased plasmodium index (4.6%) when compared with the data of the 1970-1979 decade (2.7%), an incidence rate of 8.6 per 1,000 inhabitants (against 6.4 previously) and always a high frequency of P. falciparum (85%). The principal vector, A. darlingi, still remains sensitive to DDT but the authors recommend an updating of the anti-vectorial program control. A longitudinal serologic survey, on the school children during two years, shows the epidemiologic value of an immunological index. Its permits to precise the annual dynamic of malaria transmission and to distinguish in French Guiana three areas: a forest area with apparently permanent transmission, an hypo-endemic area with episodic transmission and a sporadic transmission area.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Interleukin-1 released by blood-monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with leprosy.

In highly purified blood-monocyte-derived macrophages collected from patients with leprosy and from healthy individuals and cultured in vitro with mycobacterial antigens such as Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Mycobacterium leprae, we nonspecifically induced the synthesis of interleukin-1. Normally, all supernatants from cultured macrophages of all subjects tested produced similar amounts of interleukin-1. However, only in patients with lepromatous leprosy, M. leprae, but not BCG, induced high-level synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which acted as a suppressor factor in the mouse thymocyte proliferative assay used to measure the interleukin-1 content of the supernatants. Normal interleukin-1 content of those supernatants was demonstrated by blocking the prostaglandin E2 synthesis by the addition of indomethacin to the medium throughout the experimental procedure. We also tested the efficiency of a combination of BCG and M. leprae in reducing the prostaglandin E2 synthesis, but with the methodology used, we did not observe any beneficial effect of such a combination. These results demonstrate the possible role of M. leprae in the induction of at least one of the suppressive monokines and are additional arguments for the involvement of macrophages in the suppression of the specific cell-mediated immunity to M. leprae observed in lepromatous leprosy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Studies on phosphagen synthesis by mitochondrial preparations.

Mitochondrial preparations from muscles of a crab (Cancer pagurus), two fish (Trachurus trachurus and Scyliorhinus canicula) and a bird (Columba livia) are able to synthesise, through ATP, the phosphagen related to that species. This indicates the presence of a bound phosphagen kinase. Addition of creatine kinase and creatine to crab mitochondria results in the synthesis of phosphocreatine. Similarly, the addition of arginine kinase and arginine to mitochondrial preparations from the fish and bird results in the synthesis of phosphoarginine. In the crab, the mitochondrial form of arginine kinase released by sonication had the same kinetic affinity constants and electrophoretic mobility and could not be distinguished immunologically from the cytosolic form. The close similarity of bound and cytosolic forms of arginine kinase in this crustacean suggests that the two forms have not evolved separately as has creatine kinase in the mammal.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Purification of rat kidney arginases A1 and A4 and their subcellular distribution.

Arginase A1 and arginase A4 were isolated from rat kidney. Arginase A4, which is the main form of arginase in rat kidney, was obtained at a highly purified preparation; its specific activity was 1057 mumoles ornithine . min-1 . mg-1 protein. The two forms differed in subcellular localization. Form A1 was restricted to the cytosol while form A4 occurred mainly in the mitochondrial matrix. Kidney arginases A1 and A4 were found to differ in immunological properties. Kidney arginase A1, in contrast to arginase A4, precipitated with antibodies against arginase A1 from rat liver. Arginase A1 from kidney was shown to differ from arginase A1 from the liver. The two enzymes could be distinguished by double diffusion test and immunoelectrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. II. Studies with human sera collected in West African countries other than Ghana.

Human sera were collected in Senegal, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Liberia, Gabon and Togo during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) from 1965 to 1969, and tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody to enterovirus type 70 (EV70). Of these, 1109 (91%) were antibody negative (less than equal to 1:4), 116 (9%) neutralized at a dilution of 1:8 or over, and 45 (4%) at dilutions of at least 1:16. The distribution pattern is not significantly different from that of sera collected from Kenya in 1967 or from army recruits in the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Colombia in the 1960s. Sera collected during the post-epidemic period (1970 to 1977) in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mali, Upper Volta, Chad, Niger and Gabon were also examined; 1573 (68%) were VN antibody negative (less than or equal to 1:4), while 733 (32%) and 433 (19%) had titers of 1:8 or greater and 1:16 or over, respectively. There is a significant difference in distribution between pre- and post-epidemic antibody titers (p less than 0.001), although the incidence of AHC was lower in these countries than in Ghana and Southeast Asia. The prevalence of VN antibodies tends to be lower in the dry, hot inland areas and thus humid coastal monsoonal climates and dense populations seem to favor the spread of AHC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. III. Studies with animal sera from Ghana and Senegal.

One hundred and thirty-nine bovine sera collected in Senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introduction of AHC, were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) titers against enterovirus 70 (EV70) in neutralization tests. Positive rates of VN titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) in 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). The proportion of Ghanaian bovine sera positive in 1977 (39%) was comparable with those collected earlier in Senegal but the proportion was lower in sera of calves (7%). Similar studies were performed on sheep sera collected in 1966, 1967, 1968, and 1969 in Senegal. The proportions positive and the geometric mean titers (GMTs) peaked in alternate years: the proportions were 43% and 54% in 1966 and 1968 but dropped to 12% and 5% in 1967 and 1969, respectively. The prevalence rate for Ghanaian sheep sera in 1977 was comparable to the earlier figures in Senegal. The prevalence of VN (83%) and the GMT (1:27.28) in swine sera in Ghana in 1977 were much higher than those seen in chickens and dogs. However, 87 sera of wild monkeys caught in Senegal after 1970 were negative in neutralization tests. The VN substance detected in these domestic animals was found to be 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive; hence it is considered to belong to IgM. The results seem to favor the hypothesis that enterovirus type 70 (EV70) evolved from an animal enterovirus which shares a common antigen with EV70.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Convulsant action of the diguanide derivatives hirudonine, arcaine and audouine].

We applied topically hirudonine (0.17 M), arcaïne (0.1 M) and audouine (0.22 M) on the sensory motor cortex area of the cerebral cortex of rabbit, and found that hirudonine and audouine could induce high voltage multiple spike discharges, i.e. burst, after a few minutes latent period. We found also that arcaïne could induce high voltage spike activity, but could not induce bursting activity.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

[Isolation of the yellow fever virus from an egg-cluster and the larvae of the tick Amblyomma variegatum].

The yellow fever virus is isolated in natura from eggs of a Tick Amblyomma variegatum. It is then isolated from larvae issued from the same egg-cluster and also from blood of a monkey bitten by larvae of the same origin. It is reported that the same virus has been previously obtained from adults of the same species of Tick. An acarine appears for the first time as a sylvatic vector and reservoir (at least temporary) of yellow fever.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Isolation in east Senegal of a yellow fever virus strain from a pool of Aedes belonging to the subgenus Diceromyia].

During an epidemiological survey of yellow fever in Eastern Senegal, one strain of yellow fever virus was isolated in December 1976 from wild Mosquitoes. This first isolate obtained in nature from Aedes subgenus Diceromyia shows the primordial part these vectors may have in the area studied. It corroborates the existence of a selvatic focus of yellow fever in this region. It also gives information on the transmission cycle in a dry area.

Aedes↗