Electronic structure of Cr3+ dimers in LiNbO3.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Qiu
Publications and source records attributed to Y Qiu.
Contractile and vascular consequences of blood versus crystalloid cardioplegia in the isolated blood-perfused rat heart.
The protective effects of sanguineous and asanguineous St. Thomas' cardioplegia (SCP and ACP) on post-ischemic vasodilator responsiveness, left ventricular developed pressure and end-diastolic pressure (LVDP and LVEDP), tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) contents were compared in the isolated blood-perfused rat heart. Five groups of hearts were studied: the controls (n = 8) perfused with blood (from a support rat) for 50 min (37 degrees C), versus hearts (n = 14/group) arrested by a single infusion of either cardioplegic solution (15 degrees C) prior to global ischemia (15 degrees C) and blood reperfusion (37 degrees C). After 2 or 4 h of ischemia and 50 min of reperfusion, endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (1 microgram) induced a 10 +/- 0.5 and 8.5 +/- 0.5% reduction, respectively, in coronary resistance, in the SCP groups, but only a 6.5 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.5% reduction (P < 0.05), respectively, in the ACP groups. However, there were no significant differences in LVDP, LVEDP, tissue ATP and CP contents, and endothelium-independent vasodilator response to nitroglycerin between the two cardioplegic groups. In a further study, rat hearts (n = 8/group) were arrested with SCP (magnesium concentration < 0.5, 5.0 or 16.0 mmol/l, in groups 1, 2 and 3) and subjected to 4 h of global ischemia (15 degrees C) followed by 50 min of blood reperfusion (37 degrees C). At the end of reperfusion, LVDP (at a ventricular volume of 180 microliters) was 60 +/- 3.4, 72 +/- 3.5 and 70 +/- 3.2 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acetylcholine↗
Formulation, in vitro dissolution, and ocular bioavailability of high- and low-melting phenylephrine oxazolidines.
The in vitro dissolution and the relative ocular bioavailability of high- and low-melting phenylephrine oxazolidines (HMP and LMP) from a nonaqueous suspension (silicone fluid) were compared. Stability-indicating HPLC assays were developed for evaluation of the prototype formulations, in which a normal-phase HPLC method was necessary for analysis of PO, while a reverse-phase HPLC method was required for analysis of the primary degradation product, phenylephrine (PE), following its separation from the formulation using a short silica gel column. PO was formulated as an ophthalmic suspension in silicone fluid (20 cs) because of its property of undergoing rapid hydrolysis in aqueous media. An experimental test system for measuring the dissolution characteristics of a water-immiscible multiparticulate suspension was designed to obtain the dissolution profiles of suspensions of HMP and LMP. The dissolution rates, which were nearly identical for LMP and HMP, were obtained assuming a quasi-infinite reservoir. A reverse-phase HPLC assay with fluorescence detection was used for measuring the concentrations of PE in aqueous humor and corneal samples. Statistical analysis of the bioavailability data showed that suspensions containing HMP and LMP were equal in extent of absorption following a single topical application to the rabbit eye. The results correlated well with the in vitro dissolution rates of the suspensions of HMP and LMP.
Animals↗
Physicochemical characterization of high- and low-melting phenylephrine oxazolidines.
Phenylephrine oxazolidine is a new prodrug of phenylephrine developed for improving ocular absorption and reducing systemic side effects. In the present study, high- and low-melting phenylephrine oxazolidines (HMP and LMP) were characterized in terms of their stereochemistry and crystal properties. It was found that the molecular configuration of the prodrug in the crystals of either HMP or LMP is identical (5R/2R). The two crystals were shown to have the same IR spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns but different crystal habits, thermal properties, solubilities and intrinsic dissolution rates. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis indicates that crystals of both HMP and LMP are orthorhombic and belong to the P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group with four molecules in a unit cell (a = 20.697 A, b = 7.065 A, and c = 9.304 A). The molecules in the crystal are held together by an intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between N(3) and O(13). The different physical properties observed for LMP result from crystal imperfections caused by the presence of trace amounts (often at levels < 0.5%) of an unidentified, structurally related synthetic impurity which can be dispersed in the prodrug. It was observed that both HMP and LMP can sustain thermal and mechanical treatment in the solid state. However, LMP was partially converted to HMP when suspended in certain solvents.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
Metabolic and functional effects of the nucleoside transport inhibitor R75231 in the ischaemic and blood reperfused rabbit heart.
OBJECTIVE: The ability of R75231, a nucleoside transport inhibitor, to influence adenine nucleotide metabolism and enhance postischaemic functional recovery was assessed in the blood perfused rabbit heart. METHODS: Hearts (n = 8 per group) from donor animals were excised and perfused with blood at 37 degrees C from a support rabbit. After 20 min of aerobic perfusion hearts were arrested with St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution (2 min at 37 degrees C) and rendered globally ischaemic for 60 min. This was followed by 60 min of reperfusion. R75231 (0.1 mg.kg-1, intravenously) was given to donor and support rabbits 1 h before the experiment, control rabbits receiving the same volume of vehicle. RESULTS: Treatment with R75231 resulted in a 45% reduction in coronary vascular resistance in aerobically perfused control hearts, an effect that was absent during postischaemic reperfusion. Thus, before ischaemia, coronary flow was greater in R75231 treated hearts [6.6(SEM 0.8) ml.min-1] than in controls [4.3(0.6) ml.min-1; p < 0.05] but during reperfusion no significant difference was observed [4.0(0.6) v 3.6(0.3) ml.min-1]. The mean time to onset and extent of contracture during ischaemia was similar in R75231 treated and control groups, at 42(4) v 41(4) min and 27(3) v 26(6) mm Hg, respectively. Left ventricular developed pressure recovered to approximately 50% of its preischaemic value during the first 40 min of reperfusion in both groups; however, after longer durations of reperfusion, it tended to deteriorate in the R75231 treated group whereas it was maintained at a constant level in the controls [37(10) v 53(6) mm Hg, respectively; NS]. At the end of reperfusion, tissue adenosine content was 13-fold greater in the R75231 treated group, at 0.40(0.09) v 0.03(0.01) mumol.g-1 dry wt in controls; p < 0.05; the nucleotide pool, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate content, and the energy charge potential were similar in groups. CONCLUSIONS: R75231 decreased coronary vascular resistance and increased coronary flow during aerobic perfusion in control hearts, an effect that was lost after ischaemia and reperfusion. R75231 also increased greatly the tissue content of adenosine but, despite this, failed to improve either the recovery of cardiac contractile function or the replenishment of the adenine nucleotide pool.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Genetic dissection of the learning/memory gene dunce of Drosophila melanogaster.
The dunce (dnc) gene of Drosophila melanogaster codes for cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and is required for normal learning/memory and for female fertility. The expression of the gene is elevated in mushroom bodies, brain structures implicated in olfactory learning and memory. In this study several chromosomal deletions and inversions that remove increasingly larger portions of the dnc gene from its 5' end and progressively more of the five known transcription start sites (tss) were used to assess the functions of the various transcriptional units. Surprisingly, the dnc PDE activity, female fertility, mushroom body expression, learning, and memory were unaffected by the removal of tss1 and tss2. tss3 was required for elevated mushroom body expression but not for female fertility nor initial learning. tss4 contributed to learning and the female fertility function, whereas tss5 contributed to female fertility. The results indicate that the structural complexity of the gene is of biological significance, with individual transcriptional units serving different biological functions.
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
[Fluidity of red blood cell membrane from mouse infected with Malaria parasite].
The fluidity of membrane lipid regions of Plasmodium berghei- or Plasmodium yoelii-infected red blood cells has been determined by the fluorescence polarization technique using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as a probe. The results showed that the fluidity of Plasmodium (berghei or yoelii)-infected red blood cell membranes was increased significantly as compared with that of normal controls judging from the degree of polarization and the microviscosity. Its mechanism was discussed briefly.
Animals↗
Follow-up of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Early detection of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is very important for the prevention of painless myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical significance of asymptomatic transient ST changes in ECG in patients with DM and to further clarify the relation between asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction in DM.
Aged↗
Vasectomy and spermatic granuloma in hamsters.
Fifty-eight hamsters were bilaterally vasectomized either 1, 2, 3 or 6 months before experimentation. Fifty-five sham-vasectomized hamsters served as control. Cauda epididymal fluid was obtained by micropuncture. The effect of vasectomy on the incidence of spermatic granuloma was studied. The data were analyzed according to the presence or absence of granuloma after vasectomy and were compared with the data of their respective control. The incidence of granuloma increased with the duration of vasectomy and reached 92.8% at the end of 6 months after operation. Distension of the epididymis increased to a maximum at 1 month, but recovered to nearly normal irrespective of the existence of granuloma. The weight of the testis, spermatocrit and sperm density significantly decreased, and the percentage of abnormal sperm in the cauda and caput increased markedly in the absence of granuloma compared with their respective tract with granuloma or control. The testes in both the group with and without granuloma showed marked atrophy 6 months after vasectomy. The concentration of carnitine in the cauda epididymal plasma was significantly reduced from 2-6 months. The possible protective effect of a granuloma formation is discussed.
Animals↗
PEG-SOD and myocardial antioxidant status during ischaemia and reperfusion: dose-response studies in the isolated blood perfused rabbit heart.
We have previously shown that the polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (SOD), which has a plasma half-life of more than 24 h, protects the blood perfused rabbit heart against injury during ischaemia and reperfusion. However, the profile for the dose-dependency of protection was bell-shaped with loss of efficacy below 6000 and above 30,000 U/kg. In the present study, isolated rabbit hearts, perfused with blood from support rabbits, were subjected to a 2 min infusion with St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution followed by 60 min of global ischaemia (37 degrees C) and 60 min of reperfusion. PEG-SOD was administered 1 h or 12-24 h before ischaemia. We assessed the effect of PEG-SOD on ischaemia- and reperfusion-induced changes in: (i) the tissue content of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and (ii) the activity of CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase and reductase (GPD and GRD). Ischaemia and reperfusion reduced tissue GSH content by 70% and increased GSSG content by 400% (from their fresh aerobic values of 13.1.9 and 0.09 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg protein, respectively). PEG-SOD, given intravenously at various doses to donor and support rabbits 1 h or 12-24 h before ischaemia, protected against these changes with a bell-shaped dose-response relationship. Thus, with 0, 3000, 6000, 12,000, 30,000 and 60,000 U/kg, GSH content was 4.1 +/- 0.4, 4.8 +/- 0.4, 8.5 +/- 0.5, 12.3 +/- 1.6, 12.3 +/- 1.6 and 5.0 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg protein in the 1 h pretreatment group and 4.1 +/- 0.4, 4.2 +/- 0.5, 10.4 +/- 1.5, 11.2 +/- 1.1, 11.4 +/- 0.7 and 4.7 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein in the 12-24 h pretreatment group (means +/- S.E.M.). For GSSG the corresponding values were 0.36 +/- 0.04, 0.34 +/- 0.03, 0.12 +/- 0.01, 0.12 +/- 0.01, 0.11 +/- 0.01 and 0.41 +/- 0.03 nmol/mg protein for the 1 h group and 0.36 +/- 0.04, 0.35 +/- 0.02, 0.15 +/- 0.01, 0.12 +/- 0.01, 0.11 +/- 0.01 and 0.34 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg protein for the 12-24 h group. Ischaemia and reperfusion had no effect on tissue MDA content or CuZn-SOD, GDP and GRD activity, and in general, PEG-SOD also lacked significant effect on any of these variables at any dose studied. However, Mn-SOD activity was severely reduced by ischaemia and reperfusion (from 42 +/- 7 U/mg protein in fresh aerobic controls to 6 +/- 1 U/mg protein at the end of reperfusion).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative enantioselective analysis of mefloquine stereoisomers.
A rapid quantitative, enantioselective HPLC method for the analysis of the four stereoisomers, (+) and (-) erythro and (+) and (-) threo forms, of mefloquine has been developed using a Chiralpak Ad analytical column containing amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenyl carbonate coated on silica gel and hexane/ethanol/diethylamine (96:4:0.1, v/v%) as the mobile phase. This method made it possible to quantitate small amounts of threo form in the presence of the erythro form of mefloquine, the form which is used as the active ingredient in commercial mefloquine tablets. Tablets from three sources were studied to estimate their optical purity, and it was found that tablets from one source contain 0.27 w/w% of the (-)-threo and 0.25 w/w% of the (+)-threo form, tablets from the second source contain 0.056 and 0.042 w/w% (-)- and (+)-threo, respectively, and tablets from the third source contain 0.052 w/w% (+)-threo, with the remainder erythro.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the influenza virus NS1 protein regulates the transport of spliced NS2 mRNA and its precursor NS1 mRNA.
Influenza virus unspliced NS1 mRNA, like retroviral pre-mRNAs, is efficiently exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm of infected cells. With human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the transport of viral pre-mRNAs is facilitated by the viral Rev protein. We tested the possibility that the influenza virus NS1 protein, a nuclear protein that is encoded by unspliced NS1 mRNA, has the same function as the HIV Rev protein. Surprisingly, using transient transfection assays, we found that rather than facilitating the nucleocytoplasmic transport of unspliced NS1 mRNA, the NS1 protein inhibited the transport of NS2 mRNA, the spliced mRNA generated from NS1 mRNA. The efficient transport of NS2 mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm occurred only when the synthesis of the NS1 protein was abrogated by amber mutations. The NS1 protein down-regulated the export of NS2 mRNA whether or not it was generated by splicing, indicating that the NS1 protein acted directly on transport. Actinomycin D chase experiments verified that the NS1 protein acted on the transport and not on the differential stability of NS2 mRNA in the nucleus as compared to the cytoplasm. In addition, the NS1 protein inhibited the transport of NS1 mRNA itself, which contains all of the sequences in NS2 mRNA, particularly when NS1 mRNA was released from the splicing machinery by mutating its 3'-splice site. Our results indicate that the NS1 protein-mediated inhibition of transport requires sequences in NS2 mRNA. The transport of the viral PB1 protein, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin, membrane protein, and M2 mRNAs was not affected by the NS1 protein. When the NS2 mRNA sequence was covalently attached to the PB1 mRNA, the transport of the chimeric mRNA was inhibited by the NS1 protein. Our results identify a novel function of the influenza virus NS1 protein and demonstrate that post-transcriptional control of gene expression can also occur at the level of the nucleocytoplasmic transport of a mature, spliced mRNA.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Influence of low-flow infusion and magnesium on tissue necrosis during regional ischemia in the canine myocardium.
Passive intracoronary perfusion of therapeutic agents has been used in the clinical setting to attenuate the effects of brief episodes of myocardial ischemia. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of low-flow coronary infusion with or without Mg2+ on tissue necrosis and cardiac hemodynamics after prolonged regional ischemia. In 33 anesthetized dogs (5 excluded during study), the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 6 h. Dogs were assigned to three groups: the first group (n = 8) was subjected to 6 h coronary occlusion without low-flow perfusion (controls), the second group (n = 10) received a low-flow coronary infusion of Ringer's lactate (Mg(2+)-free), and the third group (n = 10) received a low-flow coronary infusion of Ringer's lactate plus Mg2+ sulfate (15 mM). Tissue necrosis was evaluated using tetrazolium staining and was normalized to the principal baseline predictors of infarct size including anatomic risk zone (microsphere autoradiography) and coronary collateral flow. In control hearts, infarct size comprised 51.1 +/- 4.1% of the risk zone (40.8 +/- 5.1% left ventricular cross-sectional area (LV)). In the Mg(2+)-free and Mg2+ groups, risk zone size was 17.3 +/- 2.2 and 16.8 +/- 1.8% LV (p < 0.05 vs. controls), while infarct size was 23.1 +/- 3.1 and 24.9 +/- 8.1% (p < 0.05 vs. controls), respectively. Coronary collateral flow in the endocardium was similar for all of the experimental groups; however, hearts subjected to ischemia with low-flow perfusion of Ringer's lactate demonstrated significantly higher epicardial coronary collateral flow levels compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
PEG-SOD improves postischemic functional recovery and antioxidant status in blood-perfused rabbit hearts.
The isolated blood-perfused rabbit heart, subjected to 60 min of cardioplegic arrest and 60 min of reperfusion, was used to assess the effects of polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) on postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the tissue activity of SOD, and tissue redox state. The five groups studied were the following: PEG-SOD-free control (group A), PEG-SOD as a pretreatment and as an additive during cardioplegia and reperfusion (group B), PEG-SOD as a pretreatment and a cardioplegic additive (group C), PEG-SOD in cardioplegia alone (group D), and PEG-SOD in reperfusion alone (group E). The results show that pretreatment with PEG-SOD improves postischemic recovery of LVDP (72 +/- 2% and 66 +/- 7 vs. 47 +/- 4% in groups B, C, and A, respectively). This protection was associated with an improved tissue redox state. Thus the ischemia-induced rise in oxidized glutathione was reduced from 313 +/- 26% (group A) to 162 +/- 15 and 138 +/- 14% (groups B and C, respectively), and the fall in reduced glutathione was attenuated from 51 +/- 5% to 35 +/- 6 and 13 +/- 5%, respectively. Tissue Mn-SOD activity was also conserved from 36 +/- 4% (group A) to 71 +/- 6 and 94 +/- 4% (groups B and C, respectively). No significant effect was seen when PEG-SOD was applied in cardioplegia or during reperfusion alone.
Animals↗
PEG-SOD and myocardial protection. Studies in the blood- and crystalloid-perfused rabbit and rat hearts.
BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycol, covalently linked to superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), has a long plasma half-life (greater than 30 hours) and has been proposed as an effective agent for reducing free radical-mediated injury ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using an isolated rabbit heart perfused with arterial blood from a support rabbit, we have demonstrated that pretreatment with PEG-SOD (30,000 units/kg, intravenous bolus, 12-24 hours before 60 minutes of normothermic global ischemia), combined with addition of PEG-SOD to the blood perfusion circuit (30,000 units/kg to the support rabbit) and inclusion of PEG-SOD (150 micrograms/ml) in a cardioplegic solution, enhanced the postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) from 51 +/- 6 to 74 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.05; n = 9 per group). In further studies we showed that, whereas maximum protection was obtained when PEG-SOD was given as a combined pretreatment and additive to both the cardioplegic and the reperfusate solutions (postischemic LVDP recovery increased from 44 +/- 4% in the control group to 70 +/- 3% in the PEG-SOD group), the administration of PEG-SOD during pretreatment plus cardioplegia or during reperfusion alone also resulted in a significant improvement in postischemic function (62 +/- 7% and 60 +/- 3%, respectively). However, the use of PEG-SOD as a cardioplegic additive alone failed to afford protection (47 +/- 4% recovery of LVDP). In dose-response studies (with 0, 3,000, 6,000, 12,000, 30,000, or 60,000 units/kg; n = 8 per group), maximum recovery of LVDP was obtained with the administration of 12,000 units/kg of PEG-SOD. Studies of the plasma activity of PEG-SOD confirmed its long half-life and showed that the treatment with PEG-SOD either 1 hour or 12-24 hours before the study resulted in similar levels of plasma activity. In an attempt to assess any involvement of blood-borne elements in the protection afforded by PEG-SOD, studies were also carried out in the crystalloid-perfused rabbit heart, and no protection was observed. Similarly, no protection was observed at any one of a variety of doses in the crystalloid-perfused rat heart. CONCLUSIONS: PEG-SOD can afford protection in the blood-perfused rabbit heart; this protection is dose dependent and probably involves some action of PEG-SOD on blood-borne elements, possibly leukocytes.
Animals↗
[Immune response to hepatitis B revaccination in children].
In this report, we investigated the efficacy of revaccination with hepatitis B vaccine in thirty-eight children after primary immunization. The results showed that anti-HBs immune response developed in 37 children after revaccination. with a response rate of 97.4% (37/38). The geometric mean titres (GMTs) of anti-HBs at 3rd weeks, 3rd and 6th month after the booster dose reached 824.1, 407.7 and 193.6IU/L, which were 24.5, 12.1 and 5.8 times higher than those before the booster dose (33.6IU/L), respectively. The peak levels reached at 3rd week after revaccination. However anti-HBs levels declined rapidly, the percentage of antibody decrease were 50.5%, 76.5% at 3rd and 6th month after booster dose respectively. The immune response to revaccination gave a strong correlation to the primary immunization. In conclusion, our findings indicated that a good response to revaccination with a dose of 10 micrograms of hepatitis B vaccine in children were observed.
Child↗
Comparison of ischemic vulnerability and responsiveness to cardioplegic protection in crystalloid-perfused versus blood-perfused hearts.
The possibility of differences between crystalloid-perfused and blood-perfused hearts in their vulnerability to ischemia and responsiveness to protective interventions has been investigated in isolated rabbit hearts perfused with bicarbonate buffer or arterial blood. In preliminary studies with 165 minutes of aerobic perfusion at constant perfusion pressure (55 +/- 3 mm Hg), the stability of left ventricular developed pressure was significantly better in blood-perfused hearts. In subsequent studies, hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of aerobic perfusion (coronary flow, 2.0 +/- 0.3 ml/min/gm wet weight in blood-perfused hearts versus 11.3 +/- 3.0 ml/min/gm wet weight in crystalloid-perfused hearts; left ventricular developed pressure, 90 +/- 4 and 91 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively) followed by 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, or 105 minutes of normothermic global ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion (n = 4 per group). In the buffer-perfused groups the postischemic recoveries of left ventricular developed pressure were 74% +/- 6%, 45% +/- 7%, 39% +/- 6% 32%, +/- 5%, 27% +/- 4%, and 12% +/- 3% of preischemic control, respectively. In blood-perfused groups they were consistently greater (91% +/- 3%, 55% +/- 5%, 46% +/- 5%, 45% +/- 1%, 33% +/- 2%, and 19% +/- 3%, respectively). In further studies, hearts (n = 5 per group) were perfused with buffer (groups 1 and 2) or blood (groups 3 and 4), and each was subjected to 60 minutes of normothermic global ischemia, with (groups 2 and 4) or without (groups 1 and 3) a 3-minute preischemic infusion of St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution. After 60 minutes of reperfusion, the postischemic recoveries of left ventricular developed pressure in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 32% +/- 3%, 44% +/- 4%, 43% +/- 7%, and 72% +/- 6%, respectively, with coronary flow recovering to 64% +/- 7%, 82% +/- 4%, 82% +/- 4%, and 110% +/- 5%, respectively. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were 20 +/- 5, 24 +/- 7, 15 +/- 4, and 4 +/- 3 mm Hg, and tissue water contents were 4.76 +/- 0.11, 4.87 +/- 0.55, 3.93 +/- 0.05, and 3.68 +/- 0.02 ml/gm dry weight, respectively. In conclusion, compared with crystalloid perfusion, the blood-perfused rabbit heart has a greater resistance to ischemia, a superior response to cardioplegic protection, and a lower tissue water content.
Animals↗
Self-consistent theory of heavy-fermion alloys.
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Journal Article↗