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Biomedical subjects

Y Peloux

Publications and source records attributed to Y Peloux.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rhodococcus equi infection in patients with AIDS.

Rhodococcus equi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen of HIV-I infected patients. It is an aerobic, Gram-positive coryneform bacterium which acts as a facultative intracellular micro-organism, multiplying in the phagosome of macrophages. Eighteen cases of R. equi infection in HIV-I positive patients have now been reported. Sixteen of these had pneumonia, of which 12 had cavitating lung lesions. A history of contact with farm animals, which are the primary hosts of R. equi, was found in only three patients. There was a delay in establishing a definite diagnosis in most cases as this depended upon the isolation of R. equi from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or blood. Treatment included surgical resection in five patients and erythromycin with a second antibiotic in 13 cases, but II of the 18 patients died from the infection. In this report we describe our experience of R. equi pneumonia in two AIDS patients and review the published cases of the disease in man.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

An outbreak of pneumonia and meningitis caused by a previously undescribed gram-negative bacterium in a hot spring spa.

An outbreak of infection caused by a previously undescribed Gram-negative bacterium affected people attending a hot (37 degrees C) spring spa in France in 1987. Thirty-five case of pneumonia and two cases of meningitis occurred. None of these patients died. Attack rates were significantly higher for patients above 70 years old and for male patients. An epidemiological comparison of the 26 hospitalized cases with 52 matched controls suggests that spa treatment early on the first day (OR = 4.8) and attendance at the vapour baths (OR = 10.7) were significant risk factors for acquiring the infection. Person-to-person spread was not thought to have occurred. The same bacterium was isolated from the hot spring water. All strains studied shows a single rRNA gene restriction pattern. Epidemiological data indicated that the thermal water was the source of infection. This outbreak stresses the need for increased surveillance of infections in people attending hot spring spas.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Pneumonia and meningitis caused by a new nonfermentative unknown gram-negative bacterium.

Seven isolates of an unclassified bacterium resembling Flavobacterium spp. were characterized by growth requirements, microscopic examination, biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, protein profile analysis, and serologic data. The unclassified isolates were differentiated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium balustinum, Flavobacterium strain IIb, Chromobacterium violaceum, Aquaspirillum serpens, and Pseudomonas spp. The bacterium was a gram-negative rod with a polar flagellum. Protein profile analysis demonstrated two major protein bands present in the unclassified isolates that were absent from the Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas controls but present in the Aquaspirillum and Chromobacterium controls. However, no serologic cross-reactions were observed. Our results showed that the unclassified bacterium was distinct from any previously known genus of bacterium.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

[Micromethods and gas chromatography analysis of carboxylic acids produced from the fermentation of glucose in the identification of Corynebacteria].

The identification of fermentative Corynebacteria currently isolated from human specimens is not very easy, even with the use of the useful guide edited by Hollis and Weaver. The purpose of this investigation is to present a classification based on the study of a large number of biochemical characters, including the use of micromethods, and the characterization of carboxylic acids produced from dextrose fermentation by gas-liquid chromatography. The results show that it is possible to classify fermenting Corynebacteria into two groups based on the production of propionic acid or the lack of it. We are thus able to separate distinctly Corynebacteria whose biochemical characters are very similar. Likewise, some tests included in the micromethods are useful for separating the species.

Carboxylic Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Opportunistic bacteria].

The definition of opportunistic bacteria is based on two parameters: the receptive subject and the bacteria. When the receptive subject is normal, theoretically, no saprophytic or normal commensal organisms are able to invade the subject. This subject can only be infected by certain "undesirable" commensal organisms such as Vargues' Specific Pathogenic Bacteria. If an otherwise normal subject has a temporary decrease in his immune defences, he may be invaded by a number of organisms from the normal commensal flora: these are the opportunistic bacteria in the broad sense of the term. The immunosuppressed patient with profound and prolonged depression of his immune system may be attacked by various saprophytic organisms and a number of commensal organisms, even those which were previously considered to be non-virulent. These are the opportunistic infections in the strict sense of the term.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

[Bacteriological studies of peritonitis].

Bacterial infections of the peritoneum may be primary (pneumococcal peritonitis of childhood). These are rare, as are Streptococcal and Staphylococcal peritonitis in the neonate, following umbilical or tegumental infections. The great majority of cases of peritonitis are secondary to an adjacent inflammation, a perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract, or trauma, which may be surgical in origin. The microbial flora involved is generally mixed, with a high proportion of anaerobic organisms, reflecting the composition of the intestinal flora, and in particular, that of the colon. Infections due to a single organisms are less common, and are seen principally in superinfected ascites, high perforations, or following preoperative antibiotic therapy. The treatment of peritonitis is thus dependent upon the microbial flora present. In mixed infections, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy (amino-glycosides + beta lactamines) is necessary, combined with a b-nitro-ionidazole derivative in view of the frequent presence of Bacteroides fragilis. When the infection is due to one or a limited number of organisms, only the antibiotic sensitivy will provide useful indications. The dangers of preoperative "sterilization", which leads only to the selection of multiresistant strains, is emphasized. Such sterilization is thus to be proscribed in the prevention of peritonitis. Antibiotic cover, on the other hand, is still indicated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Pulmonary nocardiosis].

Nocardioses are unusual broncho-pneumopathies with a dangerous evolution which should be better known. They occur usually, except in case no. 1, in patients with decreased immunity. For this reason they belong to superinfection with opportunist germs. It should be kept in mind when identfying the nocardia so as to start an early specific treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Bacteroides fragilis septicemia].

On the basis of eight cases of Bacteroides fragilis septicaemia, the authors review recent data from the literature related to this topic. They first note the increasing prevalence, accounting for approximately 10 per cent of all septicaemias at the present time. They note that the most frequent portals of entry are sites of localised suppuration, related on the one hand to digestive or gynaecological surgery and, secondly, to the post-partum or post-abortum period. From a therapeutic standpoint, they stress the important role of imidazole derivatives (metronidazole or tinidazole) which are the most effective antibiotics at present. Certain authors even suggest their use on a preventive basis in high risk subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Report of a case of subcutaneous abscess due to Eikenella corrodens in a splenectomized patient (author's transl)].

A case of subcutaneous abscess of the chest-wall due to Eikenella corrodens is reported in a patient recently splenectomized. This bacillus was grown in pure culture. Processing specimens and identification methods of this little Gram-negative bacillus are described. Eikenella corrodens is a commensal frequently encountered in mucous membrane surfaces. It is likely that this microorganism may be an "opportunist" pathogen.

Abscess↗