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Biomedical subjects

Y Otsuka

Publications and source records attributed to Y Otsuka.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Purification of new calcium activated protease (low calcium requiring form) and comparison to high calcium requiring form.

A new calcium activated protease which requires low concentration of calcium was purified to almost homogeneity from porcine heart muscle. The protease was composed of two polypeptide chains of approximately 90 K and 30 K. The 90 K subunit was larger than the large subunit of the high calcium requiring form of calcium activated protease, therefore we concluded that the low calcium requiring form is different from the high calcium requiring form and its auto-digested protease. The low calcium requiring form of calcium activated protease was also activated by manganese and balium, and was very stable even at pH 9.0.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical and physicochemical characterization of a mitogen obtained from an oriental crude drug, Tohki (Angelica actiloba Kitagawa).

Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of an immunomodulator, which is a non-dialyzable and acetone precipitable material(s) extracted with hot water from Angelica actiloba KITAGAWA (Yamato Tohki) (AIP), were investigated. AIP was composed of about 90% sugar and 10% protein. The major polysaccharide was identified as pectic substance(s) because its main component sugars were found to be arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid by gas liquid chromatographic analysis. The pectic substance(s) was not concerned with the mitogenicity of AIP since the activity was similar before and after pectinase(endo-polygalacturonase) treatment. More than half of the mitogenicity was destroyed by acid or alkali treatment. With pronase treatment, the activity was not affected, but the molecular weight of the mitogen was lowered. In addition, the mitogenic substance was partially purified from AIP by pectinase treatment and Westphal's phenol/water fractionation. The partially purified mitogenic substance(s) was rich in protein. These facts suggest that the mitogenicity of AIP was carried by a heat stable and protease resistant protein.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Active and inactive renin after captopril (SQ 14225) administration in hypertensive patients.

The changes in active and inactive renin after oral administration of captopril (SQ 14225) were studied in 29 hypertensive patients. Inactive renin was calculated as plasma renin activity (PRA) after cold storage (total renin) minus PRA before cold storage (active renin). The patients were divided into 2 groups, responders and non-responders, according to the response of active renin to captopril. In 9 responders, the active renin increased markedly, while the inactive renin decreased. On the other hand, in 20 non-responders, both renin activities increased only slightly. Total renin increased markedly in responders; it increased in much smaller degree but significantly in non-responders. These data suggest that captopril promotes the conversion of inactive renin to active one and augments the renin release as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A pharmacological study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Chinese herbs. A review.

A considerable number of Chinese medical herbs have been found to be anti-inflammatory upon screening for the inhibition of acute inflammation and allergic reaction, and for the suppression of adjuvant arthritis. Most of this research has been published exclusively in Japanese, and consequently is little known internationally. In this review, we will introduce the most recent conclusions drawn from current pharmacological research on the anti-inflammatory action of various Chinese medicinal herbs being undertaken in Japan. Due to limitations of space, we mention only herbs showing anti-inflammatory activity in vivo when administered intra-orally, and having low toxicity. We will also introduce some popular Chinese medical prescriptions used in the treatment of arthritis, hepatitis and nephritis and attempt to explain their anti-inflammatory action resulting from the synergistic action of the herbs contained in these prescriptions. All references cited in this review were either written originally in English or have an English abstract.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Immunostimulating polysaccharide separated from hot water extract of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (Yamato tohki).

Separation of immunostimulating polysaccharide (ATP) from Angelica and its biological activities were investigated. AIP was separated as an acetone-insoluble and non-dialysable fraction from hot water extract obtained by heating the root of Angelica acutiloba in water at 95 degrees-98 degrees for 30 min. It is a water-soluble heteropolymer(s) consisting of uronic acid, hexose and peptide. The anti-tumour activity of AIP was observed in terms of prolongation of the survival period of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites cells. The uptake of tritiated thymidine into murine and human spleen cells could be stimulated by AIP in a dose-dependent manner. Murine B cells were activated polyclonally by AIP and differentiated to anti-body-forming cells even in the absence of either helper T cells or macrophages. The possibility that the biological activity of AIP might be due to contamination by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipid A-associated protein (LAP) was ruled out for the following reasons: (i) polyclonal B-cell activation by AIP was shown in spleen cell cultures of C3H/HeJ mice, a low responder strain to LPS; (ii) the activity of AIP disappeared completely after a mild periodate oxidation whereas that of LPS containing LAP was not lost by similar treatment. In addition, the primary antibody response to sheep-erythrocytes was markedly augmented by an intraperitoneal injection of AIP. This result show that AIP is a potent adjuvant.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

Blood pressure regulation in chronic hypotensive and hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure.

We studied the regulatory mechanism of blood pressure in uremic patients (UP) treated with long-term hemodialysis. The cardiac index (CI) was higher in UP than in normal control (NC). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) in hypertensive (U-Hyper) and normotensive (U-Normo) uremic patients was almost the same as that in NC but TPR in hypotensive uremic patients (U-Hypo) was lower than in NC. High CI in U-Hyper and low TPR in U-Hypo seem to be the causes of their blood pressure abnormalities. All patients had severe anemia. There was a significant positive correlation between hematocrit (Ht) and TPR in UP as well as in NC. The regression line of correlation between Ht (x axis) and TPR (y axis) in UP was shifted to the left from that of NC, suggesting TPR was higher even in U-Hypo than in NC. There was a significant negative correlation between Ht and CI in UP as well as in NC. The regression line of correlation between Ht (x axis) and CI (y axis) in UP was shifted to the left from that in NC, suggesting that CI was lower even in U-Hyper than that in NC. Therefore, higher TPR relative to Ht in U-Hyper and lower CI relative to Ht in U-Hypo may actually be principal causes of their blood pressure abnormalities. Circulating plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were significantly higher in UP even after hemodialysis but there was no significant difference among subgroups of uremia. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was higher in UP than in NC. However, PRA in U-Hypo was significantly lower than that in U-Hyper or U-Normo. PRA in UP, even in U-Hypo, was inappropriately high relative to sodium/volume status. There was a significant positive correlation between TPR and PRA in UP. Therefore, higher TPR in UP relative to Ht than NC might be a result of elevated PRA. The level of blood pressure in UP seems to be regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin system. All patients were dialysed under the same condition. Heart rate and TPR increased after dialysis in U-Hyper and U-Hypo. However, no change occurred in these parameters throughout dialysis in U-Hypo. The responsiveness of renin secretion upon dialysis was lower in U-Hypo than in other two groups. Therefore, autonomic dysfunction may partly contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic hypotension in U-Hypo.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of propranolol on the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E and plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients.

To investigate the role of the renin-angiotensin (R-A) system in the release of renal prostaglandin E (PGE), urinary excretion of PGE, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured before and after the manipulation of the R-A system in hypertensive patients. After 7 days of the control sodium diet, the R-A system was stimulated by a combination of low sodium diet and oral administration of furosemide for 7 days. From the 4th day of sodium restriction, 40 mg/day of propranolol was administered per os for 2 days, and the dose was doubled for the following 2 days. PRA and PAC were significantly increased after the sodium restriction, but no change in urinary excretion of PGE was observed. Additional administration of propranolol for the following 4 days suppressed PRA significantly and PAC moderately, but it also failed to change urinary excretion of PGE. These results may suggest that renal medullary PGE synthesis, as reflected in urinary excretion of PGE, is not strongly dependent on the R-A system in these hypertensive patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Implication of endogenous prostaglandin system in the antihypertensive effect of captopril, SQ 14225, in low renin hypertension.

The role of endogenous prostaglandins in the antihypertensive mechanism of orally active angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor in low renin hypertension was investigated. In the SQ 14225-responders with low renin hypertension, blood pressure was elevated to control level and antihypertensive effect of SQ 14225 was attenuated after the inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin, while no significant change in blood pressure was found in the SQ 14225-responders with normal renin hypertension. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was not significantly increased after the SQ 14225 administration but significantly decreased after the administration of indomethacin. There was no significant difference in urinary prostaglandin E excretion between normal renin hypertension and low renin hypertension. These results suggest that SQ 14225 may potentiate extrarenal vasodilating prostaglandin system, probably vascular prostaglandin system, contributing to the antihypertensive mechanism in SQ 14225-responders with low renin hypertension. The augmented renin release following SQ 14225 administration was inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting that endogenous prostaglandin system may contribute to the negative short feedback mechanism of renin release.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Exaggerated response of renin secretion to captopril (SQ 14225) in renovascular hypertension.

Captopril (SQ 14225), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered in a dose of 50 mg to 12 normotensive subjects (Group I), 26 essential hypertensive patients (Group II), and 8 renovascular hypertensive patients (Group III). In Group III, 5 of the 8 patients had control plasma renal activity (PRA) similar to those in Groups I and II patients, but the PRA response to the administration of captopril was greater in 7 of the 8 patients than those in Groups I and II. These 7 patients had either bilateral or unilateral main renal artery stenosis. Captopril caused no increase in PRA in the remaining 1 who had unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral renin aplasia. It is concluded that this provocation test is useful as a screening procedure for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Bartter's syndrome with normal urinary excretion of prostaglandin E: therapeutic effects of propranolol, spironolactone, indomethacin and potassium chloride.

Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) in 8 patients with Bartter's syndrome measured by the radioimmunoassay method was not augmented over the normal values. In one of them, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and PGE, serum sodium, potassium and chloride, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were studied before and after the administration of propranolol, spironolactone, indomethacin and potassium chloride. Neither propranolol nor spironolactone affected any of these parameters. Indomethacin promptly reduced urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and PGE, and markedly suppressed the renin-aldosterone system. Serum potassium was elevated, but remained still in hypokalemic range. Potassium chloride was most effective in raising the serum potassium level during the first 4 weeks of administration. These results suggest that overproduction of renal PGs is not the primary cause of Bartter's syndrome, and that the renal potassium wastage is one of the etiological factors in this syndrome. It has also been suggested that hyperreninemia in this syndrome was associated in some way with renal PGs, not PGE but other series of PGs.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A screening test for renovascular hypertension by means of orally active angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225).

Orally active converting enzyme inhibitor (Captopril, SQ 14225) was administered in a dose of 50 mg to 12 normotensive subjects (Group I), 26 essential hypertensive patients (Group II) and 8 renovascular hypertensive patients (Group III). In Group III, 5 of 8 patients had control plasma renin activity (PRA) similar to those in Group I and II patients, but the PRA response to the administration of Captopril was greater in 7 of 8 patients than that in Groups I and II. These 7 patients had either bilateral or unilateral main renal artery stenosis. Captopril caused no increase in PRA in the remaining 1 who had unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral renal aplasia. It is concluded that this provocation test is useful as a screening procedure for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.

Captopril↗