Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ostberg.
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Cytoplasmic annylate lamellae were found in the islet organ of a cyclostome, the hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), predominantly in cells interpreted as young proliferating beta-cells, and also in endocrine cells and enterocytes of the bile duct and gut and in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. A close association was observed annulate lamellae and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Both in cells with and in those without annulate lamellae, crystalline inclusions of proteinaceous nature were seen in granular endoplasmic reticulum. These inclusions were occasionally closely associated to annulate lamellae, and a direct continuity could be seen between granular endoplasmic reticulum and the outer nuclear membrane surrounding an inclusion partially situated in the perinuclear cisterna. Rod-shaped structures and rounded electron dense bodies were seen in the nuclei of some islet parenchymal cells. The presence of annulate lamellae in the islet organ and associated tissues of Myxine glutinosa is believed to be related to the very high phylogenetic age of this species. The close association observed between annulate lamellae, granular endoplasmic reticulum, crystalline inclusions, and sometimes also nuclear membranes, may be of functional significance.
The clinical value of the NBT test and of leucocyte counts in the aetiological differentiation of acute throat infections was investigated. In our hands a frequency of less than 13% NBT positive neutrophils is considered as normal and a test value above 19% as "positive", i.e. indicating a bacterial infection. More than 19% or more than 1 800 NBT positive neutrophils per mm-3 blood were found in 10 of 18 patients with an infection caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci, in 1 of 2 patients with a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and in 1 patient with both a streptococcal and mycoplasmal infection, but in none of 19 patients with a viral infection. Since 8 of 18 patients with streptococcal throat infection had normal NBT test results, the NBT test apparently is of limited value in the early recognition of these infections. A high NBT test value would however support the diagnosis. The white blood cell and neutrophil counts were of little value in the differentiation between streptococcal and viral throat infection.
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A patient with two massive haemorrhages from the brachiocephalic truncus after tracheostomy is reported. An analysis of 6 previously reported long-term survivors following this complication shows that the initial care in controlling the haemorrhage is of major importance. The operation method of choice is permanent division of the brachiocephalic truncus. Transitory or no neurological postoperative complications were found.
The lesions of the spontaneously occurring sialoadenitis in the parotid gland of New Zealand Black/New Zealand White (NZB/NZW) hybrid mice were studied with the light microscope and the electron microscope. The inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrates of the glands observed adjacent to glandular vessels and ducts were found to consist of several different cell types. Lymphoid cells (large, medium sized and small lymphocytes) were the most common, but plasma cells, histiocytes and macrophages were also encountered. Furthermore lymphoid cells were frequently observed inside the basement membrane of acini as well as INTERcalated ducts. Evidence of cell damage of the epithelium invaded by lymphoid elements included loss of cytoplasmic density, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum, the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cellular lysis. All the animals studied displayed moderate to advanced glomerular, wire-loop lesions in the kidneys. The light and electron microscopic findings indicate that the parotitis in NZB/NZW mice is basically a vasculitis. Duct cell proliferation and epimyo-epithelial island formation, which are common features in Sjögren's syndrome, are totally lacking in the material studied.
Nine malignant salivary gland tumours in children, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1958 to 1980, are reviewed. All tumours appeared in the parotid gland. Five cases were muco-epidermoid carcinoma of low-grade malignancy. All patients but one were treated with surgery. The postoperative follow-up period is 1 to 21 years. Three children have died, 2 of tumour disease, 1 and 18 years respectively after diagnosis. In the other children there are no signs of recurrence. Salivary gland tumours in children must be treated according to the same principles generally accepted for adult salivary gland neoplasias.
Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disease of uncertain etiology, characterized by inflammation of cartilage. Cartilage of the respiratory tract is engaged in more than half of all cases. Hydralazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is a well known disease. Females who are slow acetylators and are HLA-DR4 positive when treated with hydralazine are at serious risk of contracting SLE syndrome. We describe here a woman, treated for 10 years with hydralazine, who was a slow acetylator and was HLA-DR4 positive and who presented with a relapsing polychondritis and ultimately required a permanent tracheostoma. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of relapsing polychondritis induced by hydralazine.