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Biomedical subjects

Y Ono

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ono.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Further studies by immunofluorescence of the monoclonal antibodies associated with experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees and their relation to D hepatitis.

To further investigate the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies (48-1 and S-1) associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis, extensive immunofluorescence studies were performed on liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis A, B, non-A, non-B or delta, or from normal chimpanzees. Both 48-1 and S-1 antibodies reacted in the same manner with liver biopsy specimens from 47 of 50 (94%) chimpanzees with acute or chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and 15 of 18 (83%) chimpanzees with type D hepatitis. Examinations of serial liver biopsy specimens revealed that the duration of expression of the antigen reacting with the antibodies in hepatocytes of chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B viruses appeared to be longer than that of chimpanzees infected with the hepatitis delta-virus. By thin-section electron microscopy, the presence of the microtubular aggregates, identical to those previously described for chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis and shown by immunoelectron microscopy to react with the antibodies, was noted in hepatocytes during the acute phase of hepatitis delta-virus. The antibodies did not react with liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees acutely or chronically infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis A virus, or from normal chimpanzees. The present results confirm our previous observations with the 48-1 and S-1 antibodies. Furthermore, the finding that these two antibodies were also associated with hepatitis D would support the possibility that non-A, non-B agents and the hepatitis delta-virus may have a similar nature or may elicit a similar host response.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of left ventricular function after changing the pacing site in a child with isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block and dilated cardiomyopathy.

We report a case of isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block with left ventricular dysfunction after pacemaker implantation that improved after the pacing site was changed. During the neonatal period, a pacemaker wire was implanted on the right ventricular epicardium and pacing was initiated. Decreased ejection fraction and a perfusion defect around the septum on myocardial scintigraphy were observed during follow-up. Induced left bundle branch block was thought to be causing interventricular asynchrony, and the pacing site was change to the left ventricular epicardium. Ejection fraction improved and the perfusion defect resolved. Lead relocation may be useful for left ventricular dysfunction that develops during right ventricular pacing.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of stenotic lesions predicted by acute phase changes in coronary arterial diameter during Kawasaki disease.

To clarify the incidence of stenotic lesions according to the coronary arterial diameter in the acute phase. we investigated 190 patients with coronary arterial lesions who underwent an initial coronary angiogram (CAG) less than 100 days after the onset of Kawasaki disease. The largest diameters of the major branches were measured in the initial CAGs. The diameter of the large group was > or = 8.0 mm, that of the medium group was > or = 6.0 mm but < 8.0 mm, and that of the small group was > or = 4.0 mm but < 6.0 mm. There were 121 patients in the large group, 85 in the medium group, 77 in the small group. We investigated the stenotic lesions in the follow-up CAGs and evaluated the incidence of stenotic lesions in each group by the Kaplan-Meier method. The mean interval from the initial CAGs to the latest CAG was 97 months. The incidence of stenosis at 5, 10, and 15 years in the large group was 44, 62, and 74%, respectively. In the medium group the corresponding values were 6, 20, 58%, respectively. None of the patients in the small group developed stenotic lesions. Dilatation of more than 6.0 mm produces a high probability of irreversible change in the coronary arterial wall, leading to subsequent stenotic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire among university students.

The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) is a self-rating questionnaire, based on a general biosocial theory, for the clinical description and classification of both normal and abnormal personality variants. It was translated into Japanese and administered with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the 10-item version of the Social Desirability Scale (SDS) to 450 university students on two occasions 2 months apart. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients and kappa-coefficients between TPQ scale scores for the two occasions were significantly high, as were Cronbach's alpha-coefficients of TPQ scales and subcategories at the first wave. Correlations between the TPQ scale score and GHQ and SDS scores were negligible. The TPQ thus appears to have test-retest reliability and content validity among a Japanese student population; it is uninfluenced by psychiatric morbidity or social desirability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factor validity and reliability for the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community in a Japanese population with mental retardation.

To assess the factor validity and reliability for the Japanese version of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-Community), 322 subjects with moderate to profound mental retardation (188 males and 134 females, mean age 29.79 +/- 12.45) were rated by the staff at the residential facilities in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Rating data were analyzed by factor analysis using the principal factoring method with iteration, followed by oblique rotation. The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Of these subjects, 43 were rated twice with an interval of 4 weeks to confirm the test-retest reliability and 33 were rated by pairs of raters for interrater reliability. Forty-eight of 58 items loaded most heavily on the same factors as in the original factor solution. Coefficient alpha raged from .85 to .95 across five subscales. The test-retest reliability was high with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ranging from .84 to .90. Although the correlation coefficients for interrater reliability tests were somewhat lower (.58 to .78), they were all statistically significant (p < .001). The Japanese version of ABC Community was comparative to the original and was useful for assessing behavior problems in Japanese persons with mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential effects of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors on interferon-gamma-induction of major histocompatibility complex class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human corneal epithelial cells.

PURPOSE: Interferon (IFN)-gamma induces major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. So far, it has not been clarified whether both inductions by IFN-gamma use the same signal transduction pathway. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to determine the significance of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent signaling pathway in the induction of both MHC class II and ICAM-1 expression by IFN-gamma in cultured HCE cells. METHODS: Cultured HCE cells were treated with human recombinant IFN-gamma. The induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins including PTKs, janus kinase (JAK)1, and JAK2, was examined by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. The effects of treatment of HCE cells with specific PTK inhibitors on IFN-gamma-induction of MHC class II and ICAM-1 expression were examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: IFN 1 (Interferon) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple substrates, particularly that of 75,000; 90,000; 130,000; and 160,000 molecular weight proteins including JAK1 and JAK2 in cultured HCE cells. The PTK inhibitors, herbimycin A and genistein, inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of those proteins. Also, these PTK inhibitors prevented IFN-gamma-induction of MHC class II synthesis and surface expression. However, neither herbimycin A nor genistein had any effect on IFN-gamma-induction of ICAM-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins including JAK1 and JAK2 is essential for IFN-gamma-induction of MHC class II expression, but not critical for that of ICAM-1 expression in cultured HCE cells. In addition, it is suggested that the IFN-gamma-induction of MHC class II requires PTK activities not only in the primary JAK-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway but also in the subsequent pathway mediated by IFN-gamma-induced intermediate proteins.

Benzoquinones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavior disorders in persons with mental retardation receiving antipsychotic medication.

The behavior disorders of mentally retarded individuals receiving antipsychotic medication and the relationship between behavior disorders and the daily dose of drug were investigated. Of 355 residents of residential facilities in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan (age range, 7-64 years), the problem behaviors of 54 subjects receiving antipsychotic drugs were compared to those of 52 subjects receiving anticonvulsants and of 202 subjects without any medication at all, using the Japanese version of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC-J). All five subscale scores of the ABC-J were significantly higher for the antipsychotic group than for those of the other groups, whereas only the Irritability subscale was prominent in the subjects receiving anticonvulsants. The mean chlorpromazine equivalent dose was higher in the subjects with severe/profound disability than in those with mild/moderate disability and correlated with the Hyperactivity subscale scores. The problem behaviors of individuals with mental retardation prescribed antipsychotic drugs were more severe than those without medication; more severe disability and higher Hyperactivity scores were associated with dose of antipsychotic drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced expression of a novel peptide, prostacyclin-stimulating factor, in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Prostacyclin (PGI2) produced by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is a potent vasoactive prostanoid involved in maintenance of vessel wall homeostasis. Reduced PGI2 synthesis by vascular ECs could be a mechanism of pathogenesis in the development of vascular lesions such as diabetic angiopathy. Recently, we purified and cloned a novel bioactive peptide, PGI2-stimulating factor (PSF), which stimulates PGI2 production by vascular ECs. PSF may act on vascular ECs in a paracrine and/or autocrine fashion to regulate PGI2 synthesis. Decreased PSF production in the vessel wall may result in an imbalance of prostanoid synthesis, leading to the development of vascular lesions such as diabetic angiopathy. Our immunohistochemical study demonstrated that PSF is located in vascular resident cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ECs, as well as in bronchial SMCs. Moreover, PSF mRNA was found to be expressed in various tissues in Wistar rats, particularly in the kidneys and lungs. The present study demonstrated that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats showed less PSF mRNA expression in the kidneys (PSF mRNA/28S rRNA ratio; STZ versus control; 1.7+/-0.2 versus 2.5+/-0.2, p < 0.05) and reduced immunohistochemical staining for PSF in arteries in the kidney. However, in the lungs, there were no changes in tissue PSF mRNA expression (STZ versus control; 10.9+/-0.9 versus 11.5+/-1.0, NS) or in the extent of PSF staining in bronchial SMCs of STZ-induced diabetic rats. These findings suggest that decreased expression of PSF in renal vessels of STZ-induced diabetic rats may cause an imbalance of prostanoid synthesis, leading to the development and progression of vascular damage in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epstein-Barr virus transforms precursor B cells even before immunoglobulin gene rearrangements.

The very early stages of the human B-cell differentiation pathway are poorly understood, primarily because of the lack of appropriate permanent cell lines. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a putative human oncogenic virus which transforms human B cells in vitro into continuously proliferating cells. It has been believed that EBV transforms mature B cells, but recently, transformation of immature pre-B-cell lines has been reported, suggesting that EBV might also transform cells much earlier in the B-cell lineage. We report here the establishment of cell lines transformed by EBV at various stages of the B-cell differentiation pathway. Interestingly, two lines showed the complete absence of immunoglobulin synthesis and the lack of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement despite containing EBV genome and surface markers of B cells. Our results indicate that EBV can infect and transform cells of the B lymphocyte lineage even before immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The actual process of rating the global assessment of functioning scale.

The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was developed for the overall assessment of psychological, social, and occupational functioning. While the advantage of the GAF lies in this comprehensiveness, questions have been raised on whether clinicians rate appropriately. To clarify this issue, the actual process of how clinicians assign GAF scores was investigated. A total of 2,462 inpatients of 19 psychiatric hospitals in Japan were assessed by their primary psychiatrists using the following rating scales: GAF, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), World Health Organization Psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS), and physical Activities of Daily Living (ADL) index. A tree-based model analysis (also referred to as Automatic Interaction Detector [AID] or Classification and Regression Tree [CART]) was used to construct a statistical model with the GAF score as the dependent variable. The statistically best-fitted tree to predict the GAF score is as follows. The first split is based on the "conceptual disorganization" score in the BPRS, followed by splits based on DAS item scores, such as "conversation" and "underactivity." The tree model obtained suggests that Japanese clinicians judge the level of global functioning by integrating the information on both the severity of psychiatric symptoms and the level of impaired behaviour and social functioning. This logic structure was clinically acceptable and agreed well with the concept of the GAF.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic acidosis and renal tubular injury due to pure toluene inhalation.

A 22-y-old woman was hospitalized for muscle weakness of her lower extremities after she sniffed approximately 6 l of pure toluene during the month prior to admission. The examinations on serum and urine revealed mixed hyperchloremic and high anion gap metabolic acidosis accompanied by impaired urinary acidification. Histopathological changes of the kidney were patchy areas of tubular injury. Acidosis normalized on the fourth day of admission, but both proximal and distal tubular dysfunction persisted. These findings indicate that toluene is a tubular toxin and may contribute to the development of distal renal tubular acidosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accumulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, p21 and p27, induced after hyperthermia in human glioma cells.

It was investigated whether there was a relationship between p53 p21 and p27 induction pathways in the cellular response of glioma cells to hyperthermia. Two glioma cell lines were employed. A-172 cells had the wild-type of p53, and U251 cells had the mutant-type of p53. An adenovirus harbouring wild-type p53 was also used for the overexpression. The protein induction by hyperthermia was monitored by Western blot analysis. In U251 cells, the expression of wild-type p53 and hyperthermia had an additional cytotoxic effect, but did not affect A-172 cells. Significant p21 accumulation by hyperthermia was recognized in A-172 cells, and was also recognized in p53-transduced U251 cells. On the other hand, the accumulation of p27 by hyperthermia was not seen in A-172 or U251 cells, and the exogenous expression of p53 did not affect the accumulation of p27 by hyperthermia in U251 cells. These findings suggest that the p53-p21 pathway is involved in the signal transduction after hyperthermia, rather than the p27 pathway.

Adenoviridae↗