Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ono.
The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on local cerebral blood flow (I-CBF) was studied with autoradiographic [14C]-iodoantipyrine methods in normal conscious rats. I-CBF was reduced by 30-57% in the rats given MTX (100 mg or 200 mg/body) as compared to that in the saline injected control group, but no dose-dependent effect was observed. The mechanism of I-CBF reduction by MTX was discussed.
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Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was employed for the treatment of 35 patients with upper urinary tract calculi. The stones in 14 patients with renal and upper ureteral calculi were disintegrated by a 9Fr probe and the rigid nephroscope. Twelve patients with upper or middle ureteral calculi were treated using a 5Fr probe and the fiberscope. The stones in 9 patients with lower ureteral calculi were removed by a 5Fr probe and the rigid ureteroscope. Although small residual stones were observed in 15 patients (43%), all the stones were fragmented satisfactorily except in two patients. The complications due to EHL were observed in eight patients (23%). The most frequent complication was the ureteral injury which was observed in 6 patients. In 2 of these patients the stone migrated out from the ureter. However, all the cases of ureteral injury were healed by the conservative therapy such as by indwelling the stent catheter without ureteral stricture.
Acute toxicity of N2-[(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys(L18), muroctasin), a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, was studied in Std-ddy mice, Std-Wistar rats and beagle dogs by subcutaneous and intravenous administration. Subcutaneous LD50 values were 436 mg/kg for male, 625 mg/kg for female in mice, 761 mg/kg for male, 801 mg/kg for female in rats and more than 200 mg/kg for dogs. Toxic signs included screaming, decrease of locomotor activity, weakness, emaciation and loss of hair, crust formation, necrosis and ulceration around the injection site in all species. Death occurred within 7 days after treatment. Pathological examination revealed inflammation around the injection site. In dogs a subcutaneous cavity with puruloid fluid and enlargement of the axillary lymphnodes were seen in addition. No marked toxic signs and pathological findings were observed in mice and rats after intravenous administration of 90 mg/kg, a critical dose of treatment.
The subacute toxicity of N2-[(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys (L18), muroctasin), a synthetic muramyl dipeptide, was investigated in mice and dogs. Both species exhibited leukocytosis, immunologically activated appearances of the axillary lymphnode and splenic white pulp, and irritatic lesions at the injection site, when treated with MDP-Lys(L18) for 4 weeks. Anemia, and synovitis were also found in dogs. These findings reflected main pharmacological action of MDP-Lys(L18), though there was some species difference.
The chronic toxicity of N2-[(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys(L-18), muroctasin), a synthetic muramyl dipeptide, was investigated in mice. Leukocytosis and immunologically activated appearances of splenic white pulp and lung were seen in mice, when treated with MDP-Lys(L18) for 26 weeks. Furthermore, inflammation around the injection site and synovial epithelium hyperplasia of the tarsal joint occurred in higher incidence in the high dose group. These changes were similar to those seen in the subacute toxicity study with mice.
Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies with subspecies-specific antibodies have revealed that beta I- and beta II-subspecies of protein kinase C, which result from alternative splicing of a single RNA transcript, show different regional expression in rat CNS. In the cerebellar cortex, beta I-subspecies is localized mainly in the granular layer, whereas beta II-subspecies is found predominantly in the molecular layer, most apparently in the presynaptic nerve endings that terminate at Purkinje cells. These distribution patterns are in sharp contrast to that of gamma-subspecies, which is most abundant within the Purkinje cells. The different patterns of expression imply that the multiple subspecies of protein kinase C may each have a specific function in modulating the neuronal activity of particular cell types.
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Six hundred and seventy-three school children from the age of 3 to 20 living in the urban and the rural areas of Nigeria were examined by the Joint Dental Epidemiological Survey in 1986. The survey was funded by the Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and was conducted by both the Japanese survey team and the staff from the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The periodontal state of the children was evaluated according to the Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) by WHO (1). The prevalence of periodontal diseases was found to be 84.2% within the sample with a high occurrence of gingivitis and heavy deposits of calculus. However, there was little evidence of damage to the periodontal tissues. This can be attributed to the nature of their diet. The results suggested that there would be an increasing need for well-planned and organized public educational programs for the Nigerian children to promote better oral hygiene coupled with parental involvement in the prevention at home.
The presence of a specific type of cell, highly expressing difucosyl type 2 chain (dimeric Lex; FH-4 antigen), was found in the epiphyseal bone marrow cells of affected joints from patients with active severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The antigen was defined by monoclonal antibody FH-4 which was previously found to be directed to the oncofetal marker. The FH-4(+) cell population was identified as myeloid cell lineage with usual morphology specifically found in bone marrow of patients with severe RA, but is virtually absent in the same cell fraction of patients with osteoarthritis, infectious arthritis, and from normal adult subjects.
To examine the diffusion of enoxacin into the prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis, the serum level and the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) level of enoxacin were measured. Enoxacin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg in 24 chronic prostatitis patients. One hour later, blood and EPS samples were taken. The level of enoxacin was measured by the bioassay using E. coli (Kp strain). In 24 patients, the mean value of enoxacin was 1.24 micrograms/ml in the serum and 0.69 micrograms/ml in the EPS. The mean ratio of EPS/serum was 0.58. These results indicated that enoxacin diffused well into the prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients.