Biomedical subjects

Y Ono

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ono.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Immunoglobulin production by human peripheral B cells against Staphylococcus aureus].

Immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human B cells in thymus-independent (TI) and -dependent (TD) immune response against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in vitro. Highly purified human peripheral B cells were cultured either in the presence of formalinized Cowan I strain Staphylococcus aureus (SAC) or with anti-CD3 stimulated T cells, and Ig content in supernatants was analyzed after 10 days of culture by specific sandwich ELISA. When activated with SAC in the absence of T cells, B cells produced minimal amounts of Ig. In the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or supplemental recombinant CD40 ligand plus IL-2, Ig production by SAC-induced B cells was dramatically enhanced. When cultured with T cells stimulated with low concentrations of anti-CD3 or when cultured with smaller numbers of T cells, B cells produced large amounts of Ig, whereas T cells stimulated with higher concentrations of anti-CD3 or large numbers of T cells failed to induce effective Ig secretion by B cells. These findings suggest that TI immune response against Staphylococcus aureus is strongly enhanced in the presence of activated T cells in an antigen non-specific manner, indicating its critical role in the local humoral immune defense. Moreover, it is indicated that the secretion of Ig induced by TD antigens participates in the immune defense against Staphyloccocus aureus dependent on activated T cell/B cell ratio or an impact of CD3 stimulation on T cells.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1998

TAL1 and LIM-only proteins synergistically induce retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 expression in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by acting as cofactors for GATA3.

Previously, we have shown that TAL1 and the LIM-only protein gene (LMO) are regularly coactivated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This observation is likely to relate to the findings that TAL1 and LMO are highly synergistic in T-cell tumorigenesis in double-transgenic mice. To understand the molecular mechanisms of functional synergy between TAL1 and LMO in tumorigenesis and transcriptional regulation, we tried to identify downstream target genes regulated by TAL1 and LMO by a subtractive PCR method. One of the isolated genes, that for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), was regularly expressed in most of the T-ALL cell lines that coexpressed TAL1 and LMO. Exogenously transfected TAL1 and LMO, but not either alone, induced RALDH2 expression in a T-ALL cell line, HPB-ALL, not expressing endogeneous TAL1 or LMO. The RALDH2 transcripts in T-ALL were, however, mostly initiated within the second intron. Promoter analysis revealed that a GATA site in a cryptic promoter in the second intron was essential and sufficient for the TAL1- and LMO-dependent transcriptional activation, and GATA3 binds to this site. In addition, forced expression of GATA3 potentiated the induction of RALDH2 by TAL1 and LMO, and these three factors formed a complex in vivo. Furthermore, a TAL1 mutant not binding to DNA also activated the transcription of RALDH2 in the presence of LMO and GATA3. Collectively, we have identified the RALDH2 gene as a first example of direct transcriptional target genes regulated by TAL1 and LMO in T-ALL. In this case, TAL1 and LMO act as cofactors for GATA3 to activate the transcription of RALDH2.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed1998

Epicondylitis among cooks in nursery schools.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of epicondylitis among cooks in nursery schools in a cross sectional study because they are suspected to have strenuous workloads on the hands and arms. METHODS: Prevalence of epicondylitis among 209 nursery school cooks and 366 control workers aged 40-59 were studied. Both groups consisted of women workers chosen from 1299 subjects who agreed to participate from 1329 social welfare employees in a city. All workers were interviewed with a questionnaire and had a clinical examination of the tenderness to palpation of epicondyles and epicondylar pain provoked by resisted extension and flexion of the wrist. RESULTS: Nursery school cooks had a significantly higher prevalence of epicondylitis (11.5%) than the controls (2.5%). In a logistic regression model, job title of the cook was also found to have a strong association with epicondylitis (odds ratio (OR) 5.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.4 to 11.9) after adjustment for age, body length, and body mass index. Weaker associations were also found between epicondylitis and suspected job stress or workload scores for mechanical workload and psychosocial stressors based on factor analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study supported the hypothesis that nursery school cooks had a higher prevalence of epicondylitis than other workers with less strenuous hand and arm tasks. It was suggested that risk factors of epicondylitis would be multifactorial, including mechanical workload and psychosocial factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Human skin mast cells produce TNF-alpha by substance P.

Using in situ hybridization and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we show that messenger RNA for IL-4, IL-5 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is induced by cross-linkage of high-affinity Fc(epsilon) receptors (Fc(epsilon)RI) on human skin mast cells, but that only TNF-alpha mRNA is selectively induced by substance P. Skin mast cells were purified using the Percoll density technique. T cells were removed by serial negative selection using a CD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to achieve a final mast cell purity >95%. Purified mast cells were precultured with recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF; 10 ng/ml) and myeloma IgE (3 microg/ml) for 16 h before challenge with sheep polyclonal antihuman IgE antibody (anti-IgE; 1 or 10 microg/ml) in the presence of rhSCF (50 ng/ml). Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that IgE-dependent stimulation induces the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-alpha mRNA in skin mast cells. We have investigated the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-alpha mRNA by substance P, with the result that substance P, 0.003-30 microM, selectively induced TNF-alpha mRNA. However, substance P did not induce IL-4 mRNA and did not enhance IL-5 mRNA. Furthermore, we confirmed the release of TNF-alpha by substance P from skin mast cells using an ELISA technique. These findings demonstrate the capacity of human skin mast cells to transcribe IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-alpha by immunological activation and to transcribe and release TNF-alpha by substance P.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Enantioselective N-acetylation of N-desisopropylpropranolol by rat liver acetyltransferase.

The enantioselective N-acetylation of N-desisopropylpropranolol (NDP), one of the main metabolites of propranolol (PL), by rat liver acetyltransferase (AT), was investigated. R(+)-NDP or S(-)-NDP was used as a substrate at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 microM. The cytosol fraction of a rat liver containing 3.93 mg protein/ml served as the source of AT. For 1-amino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol (AcNDP) formation from R(+)-NDP or S(-)-NDP in the presence of infinite AcCoA (250 microM), the Km value was calculated to be 67.5 or 62.4 microM, and the Vmax value was 0.462 or 0.205 nmol/min/mg protein. Based on these findings, the enantioselective N-acetylation of NDP was proved, i.e., AcNDP formation from R(+)-NDP was found to take place more easily than that from S(-)-NDP. Furthermore, AcNDP formation from NDP was competitively inhibited by the exogenous arylamine, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is well-known to be a typical substrate of AT. The presence of enantioselective inhibition for AcNDP formation was thus confirmed based on the Ki values, 440 microM in the case of R(+)-NDP and 250 microM in the case of S(-)-NDP, respectively, i.e. two-fold enantioselective inhibition was demonstrated based on the Ki values in S(-)-enantiomer in comparison with R(+)-enantiomer.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗

PubMed1998

Participation of P450-dependent oxidation of isoniazid in isonicotinic acid formation in rat liver.

By determining the formation amount of isonicotinic acid (INA) from isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid:INH) in isolated rat hepatocytes, we were able to identify the involvement of the oxidative cleavage of the acid hydrazide. INA formation from INH increased significantly using the isolated hepatocytes prepared from rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), dexamethazone (DEX) and rifampicin (RIF), respectively, in comparison to the control group. On the other hand, a remarkable decrease in INA formation from INH was observed by the addition of such P450 inhibitor as metyrapone or cimetidine as well as an amidase inhibitor bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) to the isolated hepatocytes prepared from PB-pretreated rats. By further experiments using rat hepatic microsomes, the oxidative pathway of INA formation in INH metabolism was determined to be P450-dependent, since NADPH and oxygen were both essential for the oxidative pathway of INH to INA and the amount of INA formation was also significantly increased by P450 inducers. Regarding acetylisoniazid (AcINH) and isonicotinic acid amide (INAA), however, INA formation by P450 was little observed in the microsomal experiments.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus with a new detachable coil system (DuctOcclud): a multicenter clinical trial.

A multicenter clinical trial of DuctOcclud, a new detachable coil for transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), was conducted. DuctOcclud was used in 35 patients (12 male and 23 female) for transcatheter occlusion of PDA between January, 1996, and April, 1997. The age of the patients ranged from 0.5 to 27.2 years (median 7.6 years) and weight from 6.3 to 70.0 kg (median 23.0 kg). The smallest diameter of PDA was 2.0+/-0.7 mm (range 1.0-3.3 mm). Pulmonary-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was 1.3+/-0.3 (range 1.0-2.2). The coils were successfully implanted in 32 (91%) patients. Of 31 patients who were followed 6 months after the procedure, 26 (84%) had no residual shunt and 5 (16%) had trivial residual shunt. One patient had infective endocarditis 1 month after the procedure but recovered completely. There were no incidences of coil embolization, hemolysis, late coil migration, or pulmonary artery stenosis. We conclude that DuctOcclud is a safe and effective device of transcatheter occlusion of PDA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Whole sequence of spoIIIE-like, sporulation-inhibitory, and transfer gene (spi) in a conjugative plasmid, pSA1.1, of Streptomyces azureus and detection of spi-like gene in the actinomycete chromosome.

The nucleotide sequence of spoIIIE-like and the sporulation-inhibitory and transfer gene (spi) in a conjugative plasmid, pSA1.1, of Streptomyces azureus were examined to detect the promoter region. Using Southern blotting and a spi fragment as probe, spi-like genes were detected in chromosomes of the host and other actinomycetes. These results suggest that there is a spi- and spoIIIE-like gene in chromosomes of some actinomycetes.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed1998

Insulin-like growth factor-I potentiates protein synthesis induced by thyrotropin in FRTL-5 cells: comparison of induction of protein synthesis and DNA synthesis.

In FRTL-5 cells, we and others have shown that TSH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulate DNA synthesis synergistically. The present study was undertaken to determine whether interaction between TSH and IGF-I also affects protein synthesis in this cell line, and if so by what mechanism. Quiescent cells were treated with TSH and/or IGF-I and [3H]valine incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction was measured as a parameter of protein synthesis. Similar to their effects on cell proliferation, TSH or IGF-I alone induced protein synthesis only slightly, but treatment with a combination of TSH and IGF-I (or insulin with about a 100-fold higher concentration than IGF-I) greatly increased protein synthesis. The presence of IGF-I potentiated a TSH-concentration-dependent increase in protein synthesis and in DNA synthesis. In addition, we observed this potentiation when the cells were treated with other cAMP-generating agents and cAMP analogues instead of TSH. We have shown that priming with TSH potentiated DNA synthesis induced by IGF-I, whereas pretreatment with IGF-I enhanced protein synthesis induced by TSH. This observation suggested that protein synthesis and DNA synthesis were potentiated through different mechanisms. From an analysis of cAMP production, it appears that the potentiation of protein synthesis may be explained by an IGF-I-dependent increase in cAMP production induced by TSH at least in part. On the other hand, IGF-I and TSH stimulated (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake synergistically, but RNA synthesis induced by IGF-I was depressed by TSH. From these results, we concluded that in FRTL-5 cells, IGF-I potentiated protein synthesis induced by TSH by means of complex mechanisms and the interaction between IGF-I and cAMP-dependent pathways may also have a physiological meaning in regulating protein anabolism.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical characterization of large proteoglycans in developing rat bone.

This study used biochemical and light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods to localize and characterize large hyaluronate-binding proteoglycans in the developing mandible of fetal rats at embryonic day 15 (Day 15) to Day 18 using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5D5. This antibody is derived from bovine sclera and specifically recognizes the core protein of large proteoglycan such as versican, neurocan and brevican, but not that of aggrecan. At the light microscopic level, MAb 5D5 moderately stained the extracellular matrices among osteoblasts at the centers of ossification in Day 15 mandible specimens. Weaker staining was observed in osteoblasts, whereas Meckel's cartilage lacked staining. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry showed the presence of immunogold particles over unmineralized matrices among osteoblasts and their intracellular organelles. In Day 16 to 18 specimens, bone nodules were recognized in LR gold sections before immunostaining, but, after immunostaining, consistently appeared devoid of mineral crystals and were seen as a demineralized structure that had an electron dense periphery within which fine filamentous and granular material were present. The appearance of these structures was created by the demineralization of thin sections on grids during immunostaining. Specific immunogold staining was clearly seen over the demineralized structures corresponding to bone nodules. The majority of immunogold particles tended to localize inside of the structures. Bone proteins were extracted from fresh, Day 18 specimens with a three-step technique: 4 M guanidine HCl (GdnCl,-extract), aqueous EDTA without GdnCl (E-extract), followed by GdnCl. Western blot analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after chondroitinase ABC digestion, showed that G1-extract gave a 5D5 reactive band greater than 400 kDa, whereas E-extract produced two major reactive populations of small molecular size with core proteins approximately 63 and 74 kDa. These results indicate that the large proteoglycan having smaller molecular weight is preferentially localized to bone nodules and may correlate with bone matrix mineralization.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Effects of Synovex-S and recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove) on growth responses of steers: III. Muscle growth and protein responses.

We conducted this study to determine whether the growth responses of specific skeletal muscles in crossbred beef steers were differentially affected by treatment with recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove, SbV, .1 mg/kg BW, i.m., daily), Synovex-S (200 mg progesterone + 20 mg 17-beta estradiol benzoate, SYN, ear implant), or a combination of the two. Starting body weights of steers averaged 182+/-1.8 kg. Five steers were used at this average BW to obtain data on weight and composition of individual muscles at d 0, and 20 other steers were assigned in equal numbers to control (C, no implant and placebo daily injection), SYN, SbV, and SYN + SbV treatment groups. After 56 d of treatment with placebo or growth promoters, complete rectus femoris (RF), triceps brachii (TB), supraspinatus (SS), psoas major (PM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were dissected, weighed, and then ground for determination of moisture, total protein, and fat. To calculate the average daily muscle wet weight, protein, and fat gains, the initial weight, protein content, and fat content of a muscle were subtracted from those obtained at slaughter and the difference divided by 56. Muscle weight was increased over C in TB and SS by SYN (P < .1); in TB by SbV (P < .09); and in RF (P < .05), TB (P < .03), and SS (P < .03) by SYN + SbV. Overall average daily wet tissue gain was increased over C by SbV + SYN (P < .05) in RF, TB, and SS. Average daily protein gain in RF and TB was increased by SYN (P < .1), SbV (P < .06), and SYN + SbV (P < .01) over that calculated for C. For RF, TB, and SS, average daily protein gain was greater (P < . 1) in SbV + SYN than that obtained with SbV or SYN alone. These data suggest that administration of growth promoters, such as somatotropin and Synovex, to cattle differentially affects growth characteristics in certain muscles and can have additive effects on protein gain when used together.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1998

Effect of chronic antigen inhalation in guinea pigs.

To examine the role of airway inflammation in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), we examined the effect of chronic antigen inhalation in sensitized guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were actively sensitized with dinitrophenylated Ascaris suum extract (DNP-As) and repeatedly exposed to aerosolized DNP-As antigen once a day for 4 or 10 days. Twenty-four hours after the last antigen exposure, airway responsiveness to inhaled acetylcholine (ACh) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were studied. The guinea pigs receiving 4 days of exposure to antigen demonstrated an increase in airway responsiveness to inhaled ACh (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the guinea pigs receiving 10 days of exposure to antigen showed no significant change in airway responsiveness to inhaled ACh. BAL fluid analysis indicated that a significant increase in the number of eosinophils and neutrophils was observed in both groups of guinea pigs. A significant increase in the number of lymphocytes in BAL fluid was observed in guinea pigs exposed for 10 days, but not in those exposed for 4 days. We conclude that repeated exposure to antigen induced both development and suppression of AHR. Our results suggest that airway inflammation may play a role in both the development and suppression of AHR.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1998

Effects on brain tumor cell proliferation by an adenovirus vector that bears the interleukin-4 gene.

A recombinant adenovirus vector bearing the IL-4 gene (AD-IL-4) was used to infect rat glioma C6 cells in culture at multiplicity of infections (MOI) from 50 to 1800. C6 cell proliferation was not altered significantly by adenoviral infection. However, IL-4 production increased in a dose-dependent manner. To ascertain effects on in vivo cell proliferation, a subcutaneous tumor model was used. Rat C6 glioma cells alone or C6 mixed with the control virus bearing the LacZ gene (Ad-LacZ) produced tumors that measured an average of approximately 3000 mm3 35 days after implantation. In contrast, C6 cells mixed with Ad-IL-4 produced significant inhibition of tumor growth (P=0.035 compared to C6 tumor; P=0.023 compared to C6+Ad-LacZ tumor. Student's ttest). IL-4 levels in mice serum were measured by ELISA and reached a peak of approximately 700 pg/ml at 14 days. These preliminary results showed that adenovirus-mediated delivery of the IL-4 gene may result in a significant inhibition of rat C6 cell tumor growth. Further studies will be necessary to refine this anti-tumor effect for as a potential therapy for cancer.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1998

[Hearing recovery in sudden deafness with profound hearing loss].

We investigated the hearing recovery in 51 patients with sudden deafness with the initial averaged five-frequency hearing levels worse than or equal to 100 dB. Twenty-two patients were treated in an outpatient setting with a peri-oral steroid, vasodilator, metabolic activator, and vitamin B. The remaining 29 patients were treated in the hospital with additional hyperbaric oxygenation therapy and/or Satellite ganglion block. The results were as follows. 1) The ultimate averaged five-frequency hearing levels were mainly distributed from 55 to 80 dB. Only seven patients showed ultimate hearing levels worse than 100 dB. Two patients achieved complete recovery better than 20 dB. 2) There was no significant difference in the hearing recovery between the patients treated in an outpatient setting and in the hospital. 3) The time interval until the hearing recovery began was distributed broadly between 2 and 28 days from the onset. While most of the patients who began to recover within 14 days from the onset showed ultimate hearing levels better than 80 dB, the patients who recovered after 14 days had worse hearing levels.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Renal transplantation].

The clinical outcome of kidney transplantation worldwide is reviewed. Total number of kidney transplantations now number 411,071, and about 26,000 have been performed annually in recent years. In Japan, the total is 11,813, and about 600 to 700 have been performed annually in recent years. Graft survival is 80% at one year and 60% at five years in cadaveric renal transplantation worldwide, and 90% at one year and 70% at 5 years, respectively, in Japan. There is no difference in the graft survival rate between Japan and Western countries. However, there have been fewer kidney transplantations in Japan than in the west. Issues which should be resolved are (1) the number of kidney transplantations, especially cadaveric transplantations, should be increased enlarged; and (2) long-term graft survival rates should be improved. To improve the long-term graft survival rates, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanisms of chronic graft failure and develop new immunosuppressive therapies to eliminate rejection crises completely.

Graft Survival↗

PubMed1998

Learning curve and conversion to open surgery in cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and nephrectomy.

PURPOSE: We examine how the level of experience acquired by the laparoscopist affects the outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and nephrectomy, and what is necessary to avoid complications in these surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the experience levels of 8 urological laparoscopists between 1991 and 1995. In addition, other cases that were converted to open surgery were collected from the institutes with which the 8 laparoscopists were affiliated. RESULTS: The rates of conversion to open surgery were 6.4% in 204 cases of adrenalectomy and 14.3% in 63 of nephrectomy. Conversion rates were related to blood loss volume but not operative time. The major causes of conversion were bleeding in 45% of cases and adhesion in 34%. There were no mortalities. Mean operative time decreased significantly, reaching that of open surgery as the number of procedures increased up to 20 adrenalectomies and 10 nephrectomies. The volume of blood lost remained low from the early experience. Blood transfusion rates were 4.4% for adrenalectomy and 11.1% for nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Operative time of these procedures decreased significantly with surgeon experience and reached that of open surgery. Cases in which adhesion is anticipated should be restricted to avoid conversion. These laparoscopic procedures are acceptable as a standard operative techniques for adrenal and renal diseases.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗

PubMed1998

[Occlusion of anterior and middle cerebral arteries after closed head injury: a case report].

We report a case of traumatic anterior and middle cerebral arteries occlusion. A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital following an automobile accident. He was comatose and had a small skin laceration on the left temporal region. The pupils did not react to light. CT scan revealed traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage at the basal cistern and left sylvian fissure. His consciousness gradually recovered, but he became aphasic 4 days after the trauma. Cerebral angiography showed a irregularity of the left internal carotid artery at C1 portion and occlusion of left anterior and middle cerebral artery at A1 and M1 portion. CT scan showed low density area in the left middle cerebral artery distribution. Five months later, follow-up angiography disclosed recanalization of anterior and middle cerebral arteries. In our case, thrombus formation at C1 portion of left internal carotid artery might have occurred to result in the embolic occlusion of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. To date, 34 cases of traumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion have been reported. However there have been only 2 cases which accompanied anterior cerebral artery occlusion.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1998

[Three-dimensional MR angiography of HCC and portal and hepatic veins using superparamagnetic iron oxide].

We examined a new MR technique for obtaining 3D-MRA images of the liver that simultaneously depicts HCC and the portal and hepatic veins. Five patients with clinically suspected HCC were studied with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SHU-555A) used as a negative contrast medium for the liver. In our study, a 3D-rotational display was provided on the CTR monitor from 2D-TOF images by computed reconstruction, clearly showing HCC and portal and hepatic veins on the same image. Our method was found to be of great value in planning surgery of the liver.

Aged↗