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Biomedical subjects

Y Okazaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Okazaki.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Age-independent constancy of mineral contents in human vertebra and auditory ossicle.

To elucidate age-related changes of mineral contents in human bones, element contents of human vertebrae and auditory ossicles were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry. The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae were removed from 12 vertebral columns. The mallei of auditory ossicle were removed from 27 cadavers. It was found that average relative contents (RCs) of calcium and phosphorus in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae remained almost constant within ages ranging from 46 to 99 y. In addition, it was found that the RCs of calcium and phosphorus in men's and women's mallei remained constant within ages ranging from 40 to 98 yr. These results support the view that there is no significant age-dependent change of mineral contents in human bones.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

High accumulations of calcium and phosphorus in women's pubic symphysis.

To elucidate compositional changes of the pubic symphysis (PS) by aging, elements of pubic symphysis (PSs) removed from 26 cadavers were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry. It was found that the relative contents (RCs) of calcium and phosphorus in women's PSs were about three- and five-fold amounts as compared with those in men's PSs, respectively. In contrast, the RCs of sulfur, magnesium, sodium, and iron in women's PSs were somewhat lower than those in men's PSs. The accumulations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in women's PSs occurred mainly beyond the age of 70-yr-old, but did not occur in men's PSs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

High accumulation of elements in the human femoral artery.

The relative contents (RCs) of elements in the femoral arteries as well as the thoracic aorta, coronary, basilar, and radial arteries from 26 subjects within the age range between 55 and 92 yr old, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The RCs of calcium and phosphorus in the femoral arteries started to increase before the age of 60 yr. The RCs of magnesium increased after the age of 70 yr. However, the RCs of sulfur did not change significantly within the age range between 55 and 92 yr. With regard to localization of the mineral accumulations in the femoral arterial wall, it was found that the accumulations of calcium and phosphorus occurred only in the tunica media, only in the tunica intima, or in both the tunica media and the tunica intima. The manner of accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the femoral arterial wall was different from that in the aortic wall. The average RCs of calcium in the 26 specimens were the highest in the femoral artery, followed in descending order by the thoracic aorta, coronary, basilar, and radial arteries. The average RCs of phosphorus were highest in the thoracic aorta, followed by the coronary, femoral, basilar, and radial arteries. It is noted that the accumulation of mineral elements never occurred uniformly in all the arteries.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Linkage map of Syrian hamster with restriction landmark genomic scanning.

We have constructed the linkage map with precise genetic analysis of the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, according to the restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) spot mapping method. Although only 3.2-6.6% of the total RLGS spots between the two strains, ACN and BIO 14.6, showed genetic variance, 572 loci were found to be polymorphic. Out of 569 RLGS loci and 3 other loci, 531 were mapped with the backcross (ACN x BIO 14.6) F1 x BIO 14.6. The cumulative map was 1111.6 cM, indicating that the spots/loci are located throughout the genome at 1.94 cM intervals on average. Thus, RLGS provides us with a rapid tool to construct the genetic map of any species, even if it has less genetic variation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Limitation of stunning in dog myocardium by nucleoside and nucleotide mixture, OG-VI.

OG-VI is a solution composed of 30 mM inosine, 30 mM sodium 5'-guanylate, 30 mM cytidine, 22.5 mM uridine, and 7.5 mM thymidine, expecting to use for total parenteral nutrition. We examined the effect of OG-VI on myocardial contractile dysfunction during reperfusion after ischemia (myocardial stunning) in dogs. Pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 20-min left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by 30-min reperfusion. Saline, OG-VI or its constituents [inosine and sodium 5'-guanylate mixture (IG), and cytidine, uridine, and thymidine mixture (CUT)], or 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAr) was infused at 0.1 mL.kg-1.min-1, starting 30 min before the ischemia. The contractile function was determined by ultrasonometry and assessed as % segment shortening (%SS). %SS was markedly decreased by ischemia, and returned toward pre-ischemic level after reperfusion, although the recovery was incomplete. The %SS was almost completely recovered by OG-VI and IG, and to a lesser extent by AICAr; CUT was ineffective. In the presence of 1 mg.kg-1 of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist), cardioprotective effect of OG-VI on stunned myocardium was still observed. In conclusion, infusion of OG-VI improved myocardial contractile dysfunction in stunned myocardium. This effect was more potent than its constituents and AICAr. Adenosine A1 receptors are not involved in the mechanism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Identification of the Syrian hamster cardiomyopathy gene.

The BIO14.6 hamster is a widely used model for autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy. These animals die prematurely from progressive myocardial necrosis and heart failure. The primary genetic defect leading to the cardiomyopathy is still unknown. Recently, a genetic linkage map localized the cardiomyopathy locus on hamster chromosome 9qa2.1-b1, excluding several candidate genes. We now demonstrate that the cardiomyopathy results from a mutation in the delta-sarcoglycan gene that maps to the disease locus. This mutation was completely coincident with the disease in backcross and F2 pedigrees. This constitutes the first animal model identified for human sarcoglycan disorders.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Effects of OG-VI, a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture, on ischemic myocardial metabolism in dogs.

BACKGROUND: OG-VI is a solution composed of 30 mmol/l inosine, 30 mmol/l sodium 5'-guanylate, 30 mmol/l cytidine, 22.5 mmol/l uridine, and 7.5 mmol/l thymidine, which is known to improve myocardial stunning. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of OG-VI on myocardial energy and carbohydrate metabolism during ischemia. METHODS: Ischemia was induced in pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chested dogs for 3 min by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Saline, 1.2 mmol/kg per min OG-VI, or 12 mmol/kg per min OG-VI was infused at 0.1 ml/kg per min, starting 30 min before the onset of ischemia. The myocardium was extracted 3 min after the onset of ischemia, and used to determine the tissue levels of energy and carbohydrate metabolites. RESULTS: Ischemia decreased the levels of ATP and fructose 1,6 diphosphate significantly, and increased those of AMP, glucose 6 phosphate, fructose 6 phosphate and lactate. OG-VI infusion preserved the adenine nucleotide levels significantly in 3 min ischemic hearts, and attenuated the ischemia-induced alteration of carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSION: OG-VI may improve the myocardial metabolic derangement induced by ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Gangliocytoma with immature neuronal cell elements in the pituitary of a rat.

A spontaneous pituitary gangliocytoma with abundant, immature neuronal cell elements was found incidentally in a 109-week-old female Fischer 344 rat. The pituitary parenchyma was largely occupied by a tumor nodule with necrotic and hemorrhagic foci and cyst. The tumor was composed of mature ganglion-like (M) cells, small immature ganglion (I) cells and transitional (T) cells, with a fibrillar matrix. The I and T cells were intermingled with the M cells or were arranged in compact clusters, in which the I cells formed perivascular rosette-like structures, sometimes with mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically, all types of tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase, and only the M cells was positive for chromogranin A. This result may be correlated with the degree of cytodifferentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Congenital deficiency of the fibula with ipsilateral iliac horn and absence of the kidney.

Congenital deficiency of the fibula is sometimes accompanied by femoral hypoplasia, genu valgum, patellar a/hypoplasia or dislocation, tibial bowing, foot deformity, and toe deficiency in the affected limb. 'Iliac horns' are bony projections extending posterolaterally from the ilium and considered to be pathognomonic of nail-patella syndrome. We report a 5-year-old Japanese girl with congenital complete deficiency of the left fibula, ipsilateral iliac horn and absence of the left kidney.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Differential accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in aged human arteries.

To elucidate age-related changes of human arteries, relative contents (RCs) of minerals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry on the thoracic aorta, basilar, coronary, femoral, and radial arteries from 27 subjects within the age range between 0 and 92 years old (Ys). Calcium and phosphorus never accumulated uniformly in any of the arteries such as the thoracic aorta, basilar, coronary, femoral, and radial arteries. The accumulations of calcium and phosphorus occurred earlier in the order of the femoral artery, thoracic aorta, coronary artery, and basilar or radial artery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A constancy of mineral contents in human auditory ossicles.

To determine element contents of auditory ossicles, the malleus and incus were removed from 27 subjects which died at the ages between 40 and 98 years old, and their elemental contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that the relative contents (RCs) of calcium and phosphorus were very high in the malleus and incus. The RCs of calcium and phosphorus in the ossicles corresponded to one-and-a-half-fold amounts as compared with the spongy bone of human cervical vertebrae. The mass ratio of calcium per phosphorus in the ossicles was almost the same as that of crystalline calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite. Relationships between the aging and RCs of minerals and between both the sexes in the ossicle were examined. It was found that both the RCs of calcium and phosphorus in the malleus and incus were really constant at the age over 40 years old, and that there was no significant difference of the mineral contents between men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Occult Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report a case of a 44-yar-old woman with occult breast cancer presenting as an axillary mass in whom sonography was able to detecct an involved internal mammary node also, thus helping to establish a diagnosis of breast cancer. The patient underwent extended radical mastectomy, including internal mammary lymphadenectomy. Microscopy of the removed specimen failed to find a primary breast cancer lesion. Metastatic cancer was seen in the palpable axillary node, another resected axillary node and a removed internal mammary node. The estrogen and progesterone receptor analysis of the axillary node were negative. Since occult breast cancer was found highly potential for metastasizing to the infraclavicular or internal mammary nodes, it is reasonable to treat such patients in the same way as those with palpable breast cancer, with adjuvant chemotherapy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

High-efficiency full-length cDNA cloning by biotinylated CAP trapper.

We have devised a method for efficiently constructing high-content full-length cDNA libraries based on chemical introduction of a biotin group into the diol residue of the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA, followed by RNase I treatment to select full-length cDNA. The selection occurs by trapping the biotin residue at the cap sites using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, thus eliminating incompletely synthesized cDNAs. When this method was used to construct a mouse brain full-length cDNA library, our evaluation showed that more than 95% of the total clones were of full length, and recombinant clones could be produced with high efficiency (1.2 x 10(7)/10 micrograms starting mRNA). The analysis of 120 randomly picked clones indicates an unbiased representation of the starting mRNA population.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Identification of metallothionein isoforms with capillary zone electrophoresis using a polyacrylamide-coated tube.

Metallothionein (MT) isoforms from various liver tissues were separated with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using a polyacrylamide-coated tube at neutral pH. The electrophoresis was performed on MT-1 and MT-2 purified from mouse, rat, rabbit and human livers. The retention times of mouse and rat MT-1 coincided, while the retention times of rabbit and human MT-1 were longer. The retention times of MT-2 purified from the four sources were the same. MT-1 and MT-2 separated more definitely with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-Tris buffer (25 mM, pH 7.4) than with N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropane sulfonic acid (TAPS)-Tris buffer (25 mM, pH 7.7) or with N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA)-Tris buffer (25 mM, pH 7.4). In addition, liver MT isoforms prepared from Zn- or Cd-administered mice could be separated.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning of a new member of the putative G protein-coupled receptor gene from barnacle Balanus amphitrite.

An intronless gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor was isolated from the genomic library of barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin, with probes obtained from degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers used to amplify putative transmembrane regions. The cloned genome DNA specifies an open reading frame of 1431 bp encoding 476 amino acids with seven hydrophobic transmembrane (TM)-spanning regions. The predicted protein contains potential asparagine-linked glycosylation and serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in the N-terminal and intracellular loops, respectively. Moreover, the protein has a consensus G protein-binding motif (Ala-Ile-Ser-Leu-Asp-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Ala) in TM domain III. This receptor is most closely related to human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor with 36.9% identity in 409 amino acids overlap. It is also homologous to human serotonin1A (5HT), snail pond 5HT and mouse D2-dopamine receptors with 33-36% identities. Within TM regions among these biogenic amine receptors, the cloned receptor shows considerable amino acid homology with more than 40% overall identities.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Construction of high-resolution physical maps from yeast artificial chromosomes using restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS).

We have established a new system for chromosome-specific yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig construction using restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS-based YAC contig mapper). RLGS is a powerful tool for detecting more than 1000 restriction landmarks distributed on an entire genome in one procedure. In this system, RLGS is applied to sorted chromosomes to cover the target chromosome. Using these landmarks as guideposts, chromosome-specific YAC clones are then ordered. In this paper, we report the construction of a map for a human chromosome 21 YAC contig spanning q22.1 using this new approach. Applying RLGS to sorted chromosomes 21 enables detection of approximately 1400 spots (equivalent of 1050 PacI landmarks), covering the entire region of this chromosome. We constructed the 2.5-Mb YAC contig encompassing 21q22.1 with 66 spots (equivalent of 50 PacI landmarks). With this contig map, we could detect two deleted regions and chimerism in the YAC insert DNA. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of this approach for finding DNA alterations of YACs, such as deletions and chimerism.

Chimera↗