Aldehyde pararosaniline staining of acinar cells in the human sublingual and submandibular glands.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Okamura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Okamura.
[The character of human placental glucose and amino acid transport activity (using microvillous membrane vesicles)].
To elucidate the character of human placental D-glucose and L-alanine transport activity, we investigated the uptake of D-glucose and L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human early and term placenta using the rapid filtration technique. 1. The uptake of D-glucose into microvillous membrane vesicles did not depend on the Na+ gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular). The uptake of D-glucose into vesicles was three times as great as that of L-glucose. And phloretin prominently inhibited the uptake of D-glucose into vesicles. So, it was indicated that the transport mechanism of D-glucose across microvillous membrane was facilitated diffusion. 2. The uptake of L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles depended on Na+ gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular), so that the transport mechanism of L-alanine across microvillous membrane was a secondary active one. The transport of L-alanine into vesicles prepared from term placenta increased prominently compared to that of early placenta. On the other hand, the transport activity of D-glucose into vesicles prepared from term placenta did not differ from that of early placenta.
Alanine↗
[Study on Na+ and L-alanine cotransport of the human placenta using microvillous membrane vesicles].
Using microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human normal term placenta, placental cotransport system of Na+ and L-alanine was studied using rapid filtration technique. The uptake of L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles was Na+ ion electrochemical gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) dependent and showed typical overshoot phenomenon. Both Na+ dependent L-alanine uptake and Na+ ion uptake into microvillous membrane were membrane potential dependent and were markedly increased when the intravesicular space was rendered electrically more negative by membrane diffusion potentials, induced by the use of highly permeant anions. L-alanine gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) induced a temporary accumulation of Na+ ions. These results indicated that L-alanine and Na+ ions were cotransported across microvillous membrane and this cotransport was dependent on the electrical potential difference in the membrane.
Alanine↗
Morphology of freeze-substituted myelinated axon in mouse peripheral nerves.
In order to clarify the in situ shape of axons, the entire shape of freeze-substituted axons (FS axons) was compared with that of chemically-fixed axons (CF axons) using the serial semi-thin section method coupled with rapid freezing technique. Mouse saphenous nerves were rapidly frozen by being contacted against a pure copper block cooled to 4 K by liquid helium. At the internode, the FS axons showed a cylindrical outline while the CF axons showed a polygonal contour. At regions near the node of Ranvier, both FS and CF axons showed a cog-wheel contour, and at the node they became circular and highly attenuated. These findings indicated that the axons, at the internode, were artifactually distorted during chemical fixation and that the in situ shape of myelinated axons was characterized by the cylindrical internodal segment, the distorted juxtaparanodal segment and the attenuated nodal segment. The physiological meanings of the entire shape of axons were discussed with special reference to the molecular mechanism of slow axonal transport and membrane excitation.
Animals↗
[Statistics on the diagnosis and treatment of infertile patients--psychologic examination and analysis of the questionnaire].
Authors present the statistics of the diagnosis and treatment of infertile patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan throughout 1985. The number of primary infertility (78) was greater than that of secondary infertility (63). The average age and the duration of infertility were 30.5 y. old/3.86 y. (primary) and 31.6 y. old/3.59 y. (secondary), respectively. The most frequent cause of infertility was ovarian-endocrine factor both in primary and secondary infertilities. The second cause was the male factor in primary infertility in spite of the idiopathic factor in secondary infertility. Tubal disorder as a cause was relatively few in both infertilities. So-called open laparoscopy was performed on 11 patients, with little hope of cure. In eight of these patients, disorders of tubal patency and endometriosis, which were not found by hysterosalpingography and hydrotubation before laparoscopy, were discovered for the first time. In twenty pregnancies at the day of statistics, the number of secondary infertility (13) was greater than that of primary infertility (7). All pregnant cases were under 35 years of age and under 5-year of infertility duration at the initial visit to our outpatient clinic. The number 1 cause of infertility was ovarian-endocrine factor. In eight pregnant cases, hysterosalpingography was performed in the same or one cycle before the pregnant cycle. According to the summation of the questionnaire of 65 infertile patients, most of infertile patients were affirmative to in-vitro-fertilization and embryo transfer. Depressive and neurotic tendencies were not remarkable at that time by Self-Rating-Depression Scale (SDS) and Cornell Medical Index (CMI) in 42 infertile patients.
Adult↗
[Open laparoscopy, a report of 12 cases in gynecology--with special reference to the diagnosis and treatment of infertility].
Open laparoscopies were performed on patients with eleven infertilities and one ectopic pregnancy in our gynecology clinic. Eight cases of endometriosis were revealed in eleven severe infertile patients. There were three cases of different findings between preoperative hysterosalpingograms and chromotubations under laparoscopies. One case of ectopic pregnancy was cured by salpingectomy after diagnostic laparoscopy. All 12 patients had N2O gas pneumoperitoneum under endo-tracheal intubated anesthesia. One case with both halothane and N2O anesthesia became temporarily hypothermic during open laparoscopy. Indications of gynecologic laparoscopy, characteristics of open laparoscopy and its comparison with closed laparoscopy are discussed.
Adult↗
[Basic studies on the relationship between health of the working women and the psychoneuroendocrine system].
In order to maintain the health and also to promote the physical condition of the working women, a few fundamental studies were done on the relationship between the environmental status of labor and the emotional factors of these women, such as autonomic nervous system and endocrinological system. In regard to psychological factor, the Cornell Medical Index (CMI) and the Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) were applied. In regard to the autonomic nervous system, the Autonomic Nervous Symptom Score (ANS-S) was used. And on the endocrinological system, the investigation was done using the measurement of the basal body temperature (BBT) for 331 female employees of the department store as a material of study. However, only 140 out of 331 female employee had achieved the full one month course of the BBT measurement and 191 did not complete the BBT study. This fact suggests the difficulty of measurement of the body temperature for 5 minutes in their oral cavity at the time of wake up in the morning among the working women. Accordingly it is important to shorten the time of measurement of the body temperature. For this purpose, a fundamental study was done with the new type of thermometer.
Adult↗
Ontogenesis of immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus.
By employing anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) serum, the ontogenesis of hypothalamic dopamine (DA) neurons was immunohistochemically examined with special attention to the medial basal hypothalamic area. DA neurons first appeared in the lateral hypothalamic walls on day 13.5 of gestation and in the anterior periventricular region and arcuate nucleus on day 15.5-16.5. In the arcuate nucleus, the appearance of the neurons was confined to the ventrolateral (VL) region, but extended to the periventricular region thereafter. About day 10 postnatally, the population of the arcuate DA neurons conjoins anterodorsally with the cell population in the anterior periventricular region. Concomitant with this, DA neurons in the VL region of the nucleus diminished in number and in stainability, becoming barely visible. Interestingly enough, the latter neurons reappeared after an anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus. This did not occur in pregnant and lactating rats. Although most of the arcuate DA neurons were retarded by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate, the immunoreactive fibers remained almost intact in the medial portion of the median eminence. It is concluded that in the periventricular-arcuate complex, DA neurons seem to play different roles relating with their ontogenetic heterogeneity.
Animals↗
Quantum-chemical elucidation of the mechanism of the NIH-shift during aryl hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
Pharmacokinetics of methimazole in normal subjects and hyperthyroid patients.
Serum and urinary concentrations of methimazole (MMI) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector (ECD) in 10 normal subjects and 43 hyperthyroid patients after intravenous and oral administration of the drug. The pharmacokinetic parameters of MMI were estimated in 5 normal subjects and 15 hyperthyroid patients according to a two-compartment model after intravenous injection of a 10 mg dose. The mean half-life of the distribution phase (T1/2 alpha) was 2.7 +/- 1.0 h (mean +/- SD) and 3.1 +/- 1.4 h and that of the slower-phase (T1/2 beta) was 20.7 +/- 9.6 h and 18.5 +/- 12.9 h in normal subjects and hyperthyroid patients, respectively. There were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters of normal subjects and those of hyperthyroid patients. No correlations between free T4 index (FT4I) and pharmacokinetic parameters were observed. Maximum serum MMI concentrations (Cmax) (213 +/- 84 and 299 +/- 92 ng/ml) were attained 1.8 +/- 1.4 h and 2.3 +/- 0.8 h after a single dose of 10 mg in 5 normal subjects and in 15 hyperthyroid patients, respectively. In hyperthyroid patients the time taken to reach the peak concentration (Tmax) after a single dose of 10 mg was similar to that after a single 15 mg and 30 mg dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters, except Cmax and the area under the curve (AUC), were not affected by the administered dose and those, except Cmax, were not affected by the thyroid function. All urine was collected at intervals of 3 h for the first 12 h and then at 24 h and 48 h after intravenous and oral administration of MMI. In all subjects, MMI rapidly appeared in the urine and the rate of excretion was highest in the first 3 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of MMI was 5.5-8.5% of administered doses in normal subjects and hyperthyroid patients. These findings in the present study are compatible with the assumption that the extent of absorption of MMI is high, if not complete, and hyperthyroidism does not affect the kinetics of MMI, and that interindividual variation is observed in the time taken to reach the peak concentration after oral administration.
Administration, Oral↗
Receptor dynamics and tyrosine aminotransferase induction during the course of chronic treatment of rats with glucocorticoid.
The changes in the cytosol glucocorticoid receptor (GR) content during a long-term administration of a glucocorticoid were studied to examine the mechanism of the development of steroid hormone resistance. Dexamethasone (Dex) (0.2 microgram/ml and 2.0 micrograms/ml) was given to adrenalectomized rats, and the GR content was determined using the exchange assay 1, 10, 20 and 50 days after the start of administration. The activity of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in the cytosol was also assayed as a measure of the biological responsiveness of these animals to the administered glucocorticoid. The dissociation constant (Kd) was elevated and the Bmaxs of the GR in the cytosol were decreased by the lower concentration of Dex. The Bmaxs decreased to 30% of the untreated controls within 24 h and this lower level was maintained as long as the hormone treatment continued. On the other hand, the cytosol obtained from animals treated with 2.0 micrograms/ml of Dex for 20-24 days did not show any measurable amount of binding to 3H-Dex. The activity of TAT was elevated 24 h after the administration of Dex but decreased gradually and steadily with time during the experimental period. To examine the biological potency of remaining GR in the liver cytosol, 2.0 micrograms/ml Dex was again administered after a long-term treatment. This treatment eliminated the remaining GR completely and induced TAT at almost the same rate as observed in the untreated control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adrenalectomy↗
[Study on changes in placental L-alanine transport activity during gestation (using microvillous membrane vesicles].
Using microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human normal early and full term placenta, we investigated the transport mechanism of L-alanine and the change in its transport activity during gestation. We estimated the purity of microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human placenta from the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) of the membrane's maker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 5'-nucleotidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( gamma-GTP). In early pregnancy (12-15 weeks gestational age), the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) were calculated to be: ALP: 15.3, 5'-nucleotidase: 14.0, gamma-GTP: 8.3, and in full term pregnancy (37-40 weeks gestational age) the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) were calculated to be: ALP: 16.0, 5'-nucleotidase: 14.8, gamma-GTP: 7.5. The uptake of L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles was Na+ electrochemical gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) dependent and this Na+ dependent uptake was membrane-potentially sensitive both in early pregnancy and in full term pregnancy. The kinetics parameter of the initial L-alanine uptake into microvillous membrane vesicles were calculated to be: Km: 0.78 +/- 0.20 mM, Vmax: 0.62 +/- 0.21 nmol/mg protein/20 sec in early pregnancy, Km: 0.80 +/- 0.24 mM, Vmax: 3.53 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein/20 sec in full term pregnancy. In conclusion, the placental transport mechanisms of L-alanine in both early and full term pregnancy were the same, and the L-alanine transport activity of full term pregnancy was much greater than that of early pregnancy.
Alanine↗
[A protector for the prevention of sternal fracture following median sternotomy].
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Fractures, Bone↗
[The effect of a synthetic progestin (R 2323) on gonadal and endometrial cells in vitro and in vivo].
Gestrinone (R 2323) is a synthetic progestogen, and noteworthy agent for endometriosis treatment. The effect of this reagent on cultured cells from porcine granulosa, human endometrial and endometrial carcinoma origin was investigated concerning their hormonal activities and cell proliferations. Also, the effect of gestrinone on the serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids in patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer's syndrome) and uterine myoma was studied. The monolayer cell colony established from the endometrial tissue fragments was positively stained by PAS similar to the secretory phase endometrium by 10 ng/ml gestrinone in the culture media. Endometrial carcinoma cells from a 65-year-old patient were proliferated by gestrinone at the concentration of 50 ng/ml in the culture media. The effect of gestrinone on the secretions of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta with or without hCG/testosterone from the cultured porcine granulosa cells was also investigated. Progesterone secretions were stimulated at the 50 ng/ml concentration of gestrinone, especially in association with hCG. Nonetheless, at the concentration of 500 ng/ml, those were inhibited. The secretions of estradiol-17 beta were stimulated by this reagent both with and without testosterone in dose-dependent manners. The effect of 25 mg gestrinone administration for 3 days on the levels of LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol-17 beta in a patient with XY gonadal dysgenesis was as follows. Both LH and FSH levels gradually decreased, whereas estradiol-17 beta level was increased. The same dosage of this reagent was administered to a patient with uterine myoma on her menstrual days 7, 8, and 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Determination of thiamazole in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
A simple and sensitive method for the determination of thiamazole in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. Thiamazole in serum was quantified without an extraction procedure at concentrations down to 10 ng/ml. This method was applied to determine the serum concentration of the drug in two healthy volunteers given a single oral dose of 10 mg of thiamazole. The concentration of the drug reached a maximum at 3-4 h after the oral dose and two elimination phases were observed.
Administration, Oral↗
CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamus.
The immunoreactive CRF-neurons of the rat hypothalamus have been examined immunohistochemically employing anti-rat CRF serum. These neurons are confined to the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial-lateral hypothalamic area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus, and are, respectively, also immunoreactive to anti-Met-enk, -alpha-MSH, and -VIP sera. Intraventricular administration of colchicine (50 micrograms/5 microliters/rat) induces a dramatic enhancement of the immunostainability of the cell somata, and also accelerates the development of immunoreactivity of other stored peptides, especially in the paraventricular nucleus. The CRF-neurons respond to adrenalectomy by showing increased immunoreactivity and an increase in the number of cell bodies; in the dorsomedial-lateral area and suprachiasmatic nucleus, there is also an enhanced immunoreactivity for alpha-MSH and VIP, respectively. CRF-cells in the paraventricular nucleus become markedly hypertrophied, but do not show any enhanced immunoreactivity for Met-enk. Since the axons of the paraventricular neurons run to the median eminence, it is probable that they are involved with the endocrine control of hypophysial ACTH release. It is concluded that the CRF-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus consist of three types which are functionally and morphologically different.
Adrenalectomy↗
Enhanced bioavailability of insulin after rectal administration with enamine as adjuvant in depancreatized dogs.
Rectal absorption of insulin by depancreatized dogs was significantly enhanced by the coadministration of enamine as a suppository adjuvant and if this was followed by a further suppository containing enamine alone, the insulin absorption was even further enhanced. The additional enamine suppository resulted in high serum insulin concentrations for a longer time and effected a significant decrease in serum glucose concentrations. To decrease serum glucose concentrations effectively in depancreatized dogs, serum insulin levels had to remain high for a long period of time, rather than be transient.
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
Iron-containing granules in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human chorionic villi.
The syncytiotrophoblast of the human chorionic villi during earlier stages of gestation contains abundant granules derived from Golgi complexes. The granules often include very electron-dense lamellae in their interior, and X-ray microanalysis revealed the presence of iron in these lamellae. It is, therefore, supposed that iron particles absorbed into the syncytiotrophoblast are transported to Golgi complexes and integrated into these lamellae. No evidences that the granules are released from the cells by exocytosis have been proved. Thus, one possibility to their nature might be considered, that is they play a role in lysosomal storage of iron during earlier stages when the capillaries in the chorionic stroma are undeveloped and so have little ability to transport iron into the fetal circulation.
Chorionic Villi↗