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Biomedical subjects

Y Okajima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Okajima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Functional role of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor in cell adhesion and proliferation of a human myeloma cell line OPM-2.

The molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between myeloma cells and stromal cells was investigated by using a human myeloma cell line (OPM-2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Adhesion of OPM-2 cells to HUVECs was found to be significantly augmented with treatment of OPM-2 cells with an alpha-glycosidase inhibitor, castanospermine (CSP). The treatment of OPM-2 cells with CSP resulted in alteration of oligosaccharide structures of cell surface glycoproteins particularly at molecular weight of 220 kD (GP220). To determine if GP220 was involved in the adhesion of OPM-2 cells to HUVECs, cell surface glycoproteins of HUVECs were labeled by biotin and were incubated with the PVDF membrane to which cell surface glycoproteins of OPM-2 cells were blotted. The biotinylated glycoproteins at the plasma membrane of HUVECs specifically bound to GP220 of OPM-2 cells. Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of GP220 revealed that GP220 had a structure homologous to cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II (CIM6P/IGF-II) receptor. Furthermore, an antibody against CIM6P/IGF-II receptor was reactive with GP220, indicating that GP220 was a CIM6P/IGF-II receptor. The adhesion of OPM-2 cells to HUVECs was inhibited by mannose 6-phosphate. Moreover, M6P was found to suppress the adhesion of human myeloma cell lines, OPM-2 and RPMI 8226, to bone marrow stromal cells that was established from the patients with multiple myeloma. In addition, proliferation of OPM-2 was stimulated in response to IGF-II. These results suggest that CIM6P/IGF-II receptor may be functional in terms of supporting cell adhesion and proliferation of myeloma cells.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1996

[Septicemia associated with hematopoietic disorders and its features according to respective primary disorders].

Two hundred eighty-seven episodes of septicemia which occurred in patients with hematological disorders between 1980 and 1993 were examined according to respective underlying diseases. The diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) was made in 155 patients, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in 45, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in 29, malignant lymphoma in 36, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in 7, multiple myeloma (MM) in 8 and aplastic anemia (AA) in 7. Three hundred and two strains were isolated from 287 patients. Fifty two point three percent of the total isolates were gram-negative bacilli, 26.8% were gram-positive cocci, 17.2% were fungi and 3.6% were anaerobic bacteria. In ALL patients gram-positive cocci accounted for 42.0%. This rate was significantly higher than in other disorder. Additionally, oral mucositis or gingivitis was evaluated as clinical background in 36.1% of ALL cases. Forty-seven point two percent of organisms which caused septicemia in ALL patients were isolated from surveillance cultures of the throat just before the onset of septicemia. These data suggested that in ALL cases microbiological organisms more frequently invaded through injuries of oral mucosa. In ATL, CML, MM and AA patients, fungi accounted for more than 25% of causative organisms. The most common organism of all of the strains was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.9%), but in ATL and MM patients Escherichia coli was more common than P. aeruginosa. At the onset of the septicemia, neutrophil counts were less than 100/mm3 in 76.6% of all patients, and more than 3,000/mm3 in only 5.0%. In contrast to this result, in 66.7% of ATL patients and 37.5% of MM patients, septicemia occurred even when neutrophil counts were more than 3,000/mm3. Septicemia occurred in 28.2% of the total patients but died. The mortality rate in MM and AA patients (50.0% respectively) was higher than in other diseases. According to the mortality of each causative organisms, fungal septicemia had a terribly high mortality of 82.9% while other bacterial mortality was about 20%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Impairment of inhibition of unattended stimuli in schizophrenic patients: event-related potential correlates during selective attention.

Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a dichotic listening task in 18 remitted schizophrenic patients and in 18 age-matched controls. The subjects were instructed to press a button in response to the target tones applied to one designated ear. In schizophrenic patients, P300 amplitude for attended target was significantly smaller than in controls. Schizophrenic patients also exhibited reduced positive potentials between 200 and 400 ms in ERPs for unattended nontarget. These results suggested that schizophrenic patients lack the ability to inhibit unattended or irrelevant stimuli, in addition to impairment of 'context closure' in the information processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The combination assay of tumor markers by multivariate analysis for improvements of the diagnostic precision in malignancies].

Since 1987, we have been trying to develop a computer-aided multivariate pattern analysis system (CAMPAS) with the focus on ovarian tumors using a discriminant analysis, which is one of multivariate analysis, to raise specificity while retaining sensitivity of combination assay as high as possible. We applied this CAMPAS which was developed in collaboration with SRL (Tokyo, Japan) under the guidance of Prof. Em. Terashima, Y.(The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan). CAMPAS OV-2, which is the newest one, based on 2 discriminant formulas with 6 tumor markers, ie, cancer antigen 125 (CA125), immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and iron (Fe), was developed and practised prospectively as a pretherapeutic serological diagnostic means to distinguish epithelial ovarian carcinomas from benign ones tumors. The sensitivity and specificity reached 87.1% and 82.9%, respectively in CAMPAS OV-2.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

[Helical CT guided lumar sympathetic ganglion block].

Helical CT scan was used as a guide for lumbar sympathetic ganglion block. By examining anatomical location of the block site with the sequential fluoroscope pictures of helical CT scan, we succeeded in the block of sympathetic ganglion easily. It is possible by the use of sequential CT picture to reduce the risk of puncturing essential organ such as the kidney, descending aorta, inferior vena cava and so on. Moreover, we can expect that application of helical CT scan will raise the success rate of block and will decrease the time necessary for the performance of block.

Autonomic Nerve Block↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical treatment for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with autologous pulmonary tissue and concomitant extensive pulmonary angioplasty].

Eight consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot associated with pulmonary atresia successfully underwent corrective surgery without using an extracardiac conduit at a mean age of 2 years 4 months. Each of these patients had undergone a classical or modified Blalock-Taussig shunt at a mean age of 55 days. In 6 cases, central PA was fully mobilized and pulled forward. An autologous flap was made from the rudimentary PA trunk or right PA, then it was anastomosed to the endocardium of RV infundibulum as a posterior wall of the outflow tract. In 7 cases, concomitant extensive pulmonary angioplasty was performed on stenotic and under-developed lesions which were caused by tissue contraction of the PDA. During follow up period from 11 to 25 months, all patients have remained in good condition without restenosis of the RVOT. The mean pressure ratio of RV over LV measured 0.42 in 5 patients who underwent catheterization after operation. We conclude that these procedures are useful for early corrective surgery of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia.

Angioplasty↗
PubMed1996

A case of moderate hypertriglyceridemia with apolipoprotein E phenotype E4/3.

Hyperlipoproteinemic subjects with apo(lipoprotein)E4 are usually hypercholesterolemic and those with apoE2 are hypertriglyceridemic. We report a case of moderate hypertriglyceridemia with apoE phenotype E4/3. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, apoAI, apoB, apoCII, apoCIII, and apoE were 200mg/dL, 451 mg/dL, 31 mg/dL, 115 mg/dL, 99 mg/dL, 10.0 mg/dL, 22.2 mg/dL, and 12.0 mg/dL, respectively. Plasma levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-C and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)-C were high, and those of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C and HDL2-C were low. All lipoprotein subfractions except VLDL were TG-rich. These findings are common in moderate hypertriglyceridemia. The plasma level of remnant-like particle (RLP, equivalent to chylomicron remnant)-C, was high. The lipoprotein lipase which removes TG from chylomicron and VLDL was normal. The activity of LDL receptor which removes remnants of chylomicron and VLDL as well as LDL was high. ApoE4 actively binds to receptors of remnant and LDL. Thus, the removal of TG-rich lipoproteins should not be impaired in this patient. Plasma levels of insulin during oral glucose tolerance test were high. Hyperinsulinism stimulates VLDL synthesis in the liver. Subjects with apoE4 show active synthesis of chyromicron. Thus, we concluded that the moderate hypertriglyceridemia in this E4/3 patient was due to the overproduction of chylomicron and VLDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Scintigraphic detection of recurrence of medullary thyroid cancer.

A case of recurrent medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) was evaluated with 123I-MIBG, 99mTc(V)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), and 201Tl scintigraphy. This patient had been operated on for MTC in the right thyroid. Recently a left neck mass was noticed, and was suspected of being a recurrence of MTC based on increased plasma calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). He was operated on for the neck mass which revealed MTC, and papillary thyroid cancer was incidentally found in the left thyroid, but the CT and CEA levels remained high, and remaining MTC tumor was suspected. But the location of the tumor was unknown. Although 99mTc(V)-DMSA scintigraphy is generally believed to be superior in sensitivity to 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, it did not demonstrate the tumor site but 201Tl and 123I-MIBG did. Furthermore, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy has greater specificity for tumors which arise in the neural crest. Judging from the results of this case and cases reported in the literatures, both 123I-MIBG and 99mTc(V)-DMSA should be performed in the detection of recurrent MTC.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1995

A new method of estimating the distribution of muscle fiber conduction velocities.

A computer-assisted method of estimating the distribution of muscle fiber conduction velocities is described. An electrode array composed of 2 stimulating and 4 recording electrodes is used to record surface muscle action potentials (MAPs) in response to direct muscle stimulation. The velocity distribution and the single muscle fiber action potential (SFAP) are calculated from the recorded MAPs by an iterative method of estimation. The estimation is based on the assumption that the spatial orientation of each muscle fiber viewed from the recording electrodes is the same along the muscle fibers and a MAP is recorded as a linear summation of all SFAPs. The accuracy of this estimation is demonstrated using simulated MAPs. The method is also tested on MAPs containing simulated amplifier noise, stimulus artifact, and errors in distance between electrodes. Finally we applied this method to MAP recordings of the biceps brachii in 23 healthy subjects. The velocity distribution was successfully estimated in 20 cases. The average of the estimated distributions was smaller than that described by previous workers. The reasons for the difference are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The absence of evidence of staphylococcal toxin involvement in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.

To detect a causative superantigen and to clarify a possible role for staphylococci in Kawasaki disease (KD), culture supernatants of individual bacterial isolates from 11 acute-stage patients were studied. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and antibody to TSST-1 and enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB), and C (SEC) in acute (mean, day 7) and late convalescent (mean, month 15) sera from 26 patients (12 with coronary artery aneurysms) and 22 age-matched controls were measured. Only 1 of 60 supernatants was mitogenic for human lymphocytes; it was 1 of the 4 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Mitogenicity was neutralized by sera obtained after administration of intravenous gamma globulin (mean, week 4) but not by late convalescent sera. TSST-1 was detectable in 2 of 26 acute sera and 1 of 22 control sera. No KD but 1 control serum had IgM to TSST-1. IgG seroconversion rates to TSST-1, SEA, SEB, and SEC were 10%, 15%, 21% and 16%, respectively. These data do not support the involvement of toxin-producing staphylococci in KD.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cytokeratin fragment 21-1 in gynecologic malignancy: comparison with cancer antigen 125 and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen.

We measured serum cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) levels by a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay in 102 healthy Japanese women, and set the reference value at 1.9 ng/ml (mean +2 SD of the serum levels based on a linear distribution). Pretreatment serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were also analyzed in 235 women with benign (n = 94) or malignant (n = 141) gynecologic disease, and were compared with the serum levels of CA 125 and SCC. The respective positivity rates for CYFRA 21-1 and CA 125 were 64.0 and 77.2% in ovarian malignancy, while they were 4.2 and 30.8% in benign ovarian masses. CYFRA 21-1 had an accuracy of 61.3% in diagnosing ovarian malignancy, which was higher than that of CA 125 (53.4%). The positive predictive value of CYFRA 21-1 for ovarian malignancy reached 94.1%, which was significantly (p < 0.005) higher than that of CA 125 (68.8%). These findings indicate the potential usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 as a tumor marker for ovarian malignancy. In addition, the positivity rates fo CYFRA 21-1 in cervical cancer (51.2%) and endometrial cancer (52.2%) were also similar to the respective rates for SCC and CA 125, which suggests that CYFRA 21-1 seems to be a general tumor marker for gynecologic malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The construction of a model for predicting adolescent smoking behavior from a 7-year follow-up survey].

Predictive factors for adolescent smoking behavior were examined prospectively in a cohort of 199 adolescents who participated in a survey in March 1983 and were followed up about 7 years later. In 1983, as junior high school students (grades 1-3), subjects completed a questionnaire which consisted of variables on smoking behaviors of subjects' family and friends, attitudes toward smoking, knowledge about the effects of smoking on health, and self-prediction of future smoking behavior. In 1990, a similar survey including variables on subjects' smoking behavior was again carried out. At that time, all were 20 years or older. It was found that the number of friends in 1983 who smoke was strongly associated with smoking behavior in 1983, and for both sexes smoking behavior in 1983 and self-prediction of future smoking behavior in 1983 were the factors which were associated with smoking behavior in 1990. Furthermore, a model for predicting smoking behavior was deduced from the foregoing results and the findings of prior studies. The covariance structure analysis supported the validity of the model and revealed that smoking behavior in 1983, number of friends who smoke, and self-prediction of future smoking behavior were important in predicting smoking behavior 7 years later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lumbar spinal fusion using the Diapason system.

Lumbar spinal fusion with the Diapason system was performed on 58 patients at Toho University Ohmori Hospital from November 1991 to November 1994. The first 44 consecutive patients were followed for more than 1 year, including 34 cases with degenerative diseases. Those 34 cases consisted of 22 men and 12 women, ages 19-78 years (average 47.4), with 49 vertebral levels; these patients were followed for an average of 26.3 months. The clinical improvement and rate of bony union after 1 year of surgery were examined and the intervertebral angulatory motion degree of fused vertebrae was measured using a radiographic functional photo image during 1 year. We also performed an experimental study to evaluate the rigidity of this system. There were no severe complications. Although there was no instrument breakage or screw migration, two cases of rod migration were observed in L5-S1 arthrodesis. A mean improvement rate of 84.3% in the Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) score was revealed. Thirty-three of 34 (97.1%) patients demonstrated successful arthrodesis after their initial procedure. In 10 segments (20.4%) 3-5 degrees of angulatory mobility were still retained, and no angulatory motion was observed in 27 segments (55.1%) 3 months after the surgery; however, no angulatory motion was observed in 44 segments (89.8%) 1 year after the surgery. In our biomechanical study, we observed that the anterior intervertebral space became narrow and mobile with loading, but when the loading was removed, the space reverted to the initial site. This movement was thought to be due to a certain elasticity in the rod and screw, and not loosening at the connection level. This system was evaluated based on the results of both clinical and biomechanical study. Notwithstanding the fact that this method has been evaluated as semirigid fusion, it does provide satisfactory bony union in posterolateral fusion, with excellent clinical results.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A psychopathological study of hypochondriacal symptoms in manic-depressive psychosis].

Depressive patients often have some hypochondriacal symptoms, but their various patterns are prone to be overlooked. The author presents statistical characteristics of 24 depressive patients (based on DSM-III-R, major depression, melancholic type), who have some hypochondriacal symptoms. Taking into consideration these statistical characteristics and a detailed analysis of representative cases, the author proposes a psychopathological perspective and classification of patients, who have hypochondriacal symptoms during manic-depressive psychosis. The author presents five characteristics, namely, (1) age during depression, (2) personality trait, (3) anxiety-agitation, (4) dependency, and (5) guilt feelings, as factors that raise the hypochondriacal symptoms in depressive patients. Based on such characteristics, depressive patients with hypochondriacal symptoms can be classified into 3 subgroups; the anxiety-agitation group, the dependency group and the guilt feeling group. Among the anxiety-agitation group hypochondriacal depression is considered as a mixed state of manic-depressive psychosis with the grandiosity of hypochondriacal idea and agitation as manic expressions. In personal relations, patients in the anxiety-agitation group are ego-centric ("eigenwelt-bezogen"). On the contrary, patients in the dependency group are often conscious of others, and their hypochondriacal symptoms mean an escape from reality and also the intention of a new personal relationship. In the guilt feeling group, hypochondriacal symptoms arise due to guilt obsessiveness. A difference in the 3 groups also appears in the discourse characteristics of the hypochondriacal symptoms. The discourse of patients in the anxiety-agitation group can be called a "Circle type" or "Go-round type", since their complaints are various, but have a common structure. Discourse in guilt feeling group can be characterized as a "Tied-up type" or "Standstill type", since they repeat only a fixed complaint in a depressive state. Discourse in dependency group does not have a regular linguistic structure, and the patients make a great deal of importance in complaining to others. In addition to such considerations, the author suggests an affinity between hypochondriacal symptoms and manic elements on the grounds that some patients have hypochondriacal symptoms in their manic state, and that depressive patients with hypochondriacal symptoms, especially in the anxiety-agitation group, as well as manic patients, are strongly concerned with the present. Treatment for hypochondriacal depression requires the therapist to recognize the individuality of the disease, to safeguard against suicide and other ramifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Successful repair of distal type of aortopulmonary window by deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest].

A one year old boy with the distal type of aortopulmonary window was successfully repaired by the transaortic approach and discharged two weeks after operation. Exposure of the defect was enhanced by using deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest so that aortic cannula and cross-clamp could be removed. 2 months before the operation, he needed the respiratory support during a month because of respiratory syncytial viral infection, cardiac failure and equivalent pulmonary hypertension. Postoperative cardiac catheterization after 4 months revealed that PA pressure decreased to 25/5 mmHg without any medication. Aortogram showed the left single coronary artery.

Aortopulmonary Septal Defect↗