A role for collagenase (Matrix metalloproteinase-1) in pulmonary emphysema
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Okada
Publications and source records attributed to Y Okada.
Receptor-mediated facilitation of cell volume regulation by swelling-induced ATP release in human epithelial cells.
Osmotic swelling induces the release of intracellular ATP in a number of cell types. In the immediate vicinity of the cell surface, released ATP has been shown to reach a concentration high enough to stimulate P2-purinergic receptors in a human epithelial cell line, Intestine 407. The role of released ATP in the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after cell swelling was thus studied in Intestine 407 cells. The RVD was suppressed by an ATP hydrolyzing enzyme, apyrase, or by a purinergic receptor antagonist, suramin. Extracellular application of ATP accelerated the RVD rate in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in the cytosolic free-Ca(2+) concentration was induced by a hypotonic challenge, and the swelling-induced Ca(2+) response was partially suppressed by apyrase or suramin. A rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) was also induced by extracellular application of ATP or UTP, but not ADP, 2-methylthio-ATP or alpha,beta-methylene ATP. The ATP-induced Ca(2+) response was blocked by suramin. Therefore, it is concluded that RVD is facilitated by ATP, which is released upon cell swelling, by augmenting intracellular Ca(2+) rise via the stimulation of purinergic (P2Y(2)) receptors in the human epithelial cell.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Volume expansion sensitivity of swelling-activated Cl(-) channel in human epithelial cells.
In human epithelial cell lines, whole-cell swelling-activated Cl(-) current was not directly correlated to cell volume per se, membrane tension or hydrostatic pressure. The current density exhibited a relation described by a Boltzmann function to the square of the cell diameter. Cytochalasin D enhanced the volume sensitivity. These results suggest that the activation mechanism of volume-sensitive Cl(-) channel is related to cytoskeleton-dependent membrane spring energy in human epithelial cells.
Cell Line↗
Significance of shock in head-injured patients with skull fracture.
The clinical differences between patients with skull base and convexity fractures were retrospectively investigated in 324 patients, of whom 110 had suffered head injury resulting in skull fracture. These 110 patients were divided into the skull base and convexity groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to sex, age, Glasgow Coma Scales, injury severity scores, pupil abnormalities, and outcomes. Automobile collisions were the most common causes in the skull base group, and falls in the convexity group. Traumatic Coma Data Bank diffuse 1 type injuries were more frequent in the skull base group and evacuated masses were more frequent in the convexity group. Multiple injuries, shock on admission, lower hemoglobin concentrations, and increased transfusion requirements were evident in the skull base group. Controlling for shock, the outcomes in the skull base group were favorable. Convexity fractures were usually associated with isolated severe head injuries and require brain protection therapy. Skull base fractures were caused by a significant force distributed over a large area of the body with a tendency to induce shock, and require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment.
Adult↗
Increased expression of deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase gene in human astrocytic tumors.
The relationship between the grade of astrocytic tumor and the expression of deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase (DNA-MTase) gene was examined. The levels of DNA-MTase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in surgical specimens from 12 astrocytic tumors (4 astrocytomas, 6 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 glioblastomas) and two normal brain tissues, and in four glioma cell lines. Compared to normal brain tissues, the levels of DNA-MTase mRNA were increased by 16- to 55-fold in low grade astrocytomas, and significantly increased by 200- to 4500-fold in high grade astrocytomas (anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas) and more than 4500-fold in glioma cell lines. In situ hybridization with paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of human astrocytic tumors showed DNA-MTase mRNA was abundantly expressed in high grade astrocytomas. The detection of increased DNA-MTase expression in astrocytic tumor indicates involvement in the tumorigenesis and suggests that blocking of this change with specific inhibitors may offer new therapeutic strategies for malignant astrocytic tumors.
Astrocytoma↗
[An old time on my life in research work].
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Animals↗
Primary intracerebral and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Izumo City, Japan. Part II: management and surgical outcome.
OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to assess the overall management and surgical outcome of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among the 85,000 residents of Izumo City, Japan. METHODS: During 1991 through 1996, 267 patients with ICH and 123 with SAH were treated in Izumo. Of the 267 patients with ICH, 25 underwent hematoma removal by open craniotomy or suboccipital craniectomy and 34 underwent stereotactic evacuation of the hematoma, whereas aneurysm clipping was performed in 71 of the 123 patients with SAH; operability rates were thus 22% for ICH and 58% for SAH (p < 0.0001). The overall 30-day survival rates were 86% for ICH and 66% for SAH (p < 0.0001) and the 2-year survival rates were 73% and 62% (p = 0.0207), respectively. In patients who underwent surgery, 30-day and 2-year survival rates were 93% for ICH and 100% for SAH (p = 0.0262), and 75% for ICH and 97% for SAH (p = 0.0002), respectively. In patients with ICH, the most important predictors of 30-day case-fatality rates were the volume of the hematoma, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, rebleeding, and midline shifting, whereas those for 2-year survival were the GCS score, age, rebleeding, and hematoma volume. In patients with SAH, the most important determinants of 30-day case-fatality rates were the GCS score and age, whereas only the GCS score had a significant impact on 2-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rates for patients with ICH or SAH in Izumo were more favorable than those in previously published epidemiological studies. However, despite improved surgical results, the overall management of ICH and SAH still produced an unsatisfactory outcome, mainly because of primary brain damage.
Adult↗
Effect of a radical scavenger "water soluble protein" from broad beans (Vicia faba) on antioxidative enzyme activity in cellular aging.
We isolated a free-radical scavenger "water soluble protein (WSP)" from broad beans. Hydrocortisone (HC) is known to inhibit superoxide generation and was used as the reference scavenger. WSP was examined for its effect on antioxidation in young (PDL 20, 25% of the maximum life span) and old (PDL 50, 62.5% of the maximum life span) human fibroblasts (TIG-1). Cells were treated with WSP or HC for 4 and 6 wk in young cells, and for 3 and 6 wk in old cells. The cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity in the cells treated with WSP or HC tended to decrease as compared with that in the non-treated cells (control) with the exception of WSP-treated young cells 4 wk after culturing. Young cells were equal in glutathione peroxidase activity to the control, but the activity level in WSP- or HC-treated young cells 6 wk after culturing was 10-50% lower than that in the control. Young and old cells treated with WSP or HC were superior to the control in catalase activity with the exception of HC-treated old cells. WSP- or HC-treated cells were higher in glutathione (GSH) concentration than the control with the exception of WSP-treated young cells 4 wk after culturing and HC-treated old cells 6 wk after culturing. Such increases in catalase activity and GSH concentration by WSP treatment may be related to the delay of cellular aging-dependent degeneration.
Antioxidants↗
[Renal cell carcinoma in acquired cystic disease of the kidney manifested by spontaneous renal hemorrhage].
Acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) is a common phenomenon in long-term adult dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. Renal hemorrhage and neoplastic transformation of the cyst are two major complications of this entity and these two can occur independently. Here we describe a 65-year-old man with a history of hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal failure for 12 years presented with macroscopic hematuria and right flank pain. Investigations revealed right massive perirenal and subcapsular hematoma with ACDK. The hemorrhagic state required nephrectomy of the right kidney. Histological study showed ACDK with massive subcapsular and perinephric hematoma containing minimal clear cell carcinoma region(0.5 cm in diameter). Although a causal relationship between renal hemorrhage and renal cell carcinoma in this patient was unproven, the present case suggests radical surgery can be a recommendable treatment modality of hemorrhagic ACDK.
Aged↗
[Segmental infarction of testicle presenting as right acute scrotum: a case report].
We report a case of segmental infarction of a testicle seen in a 28-year-old man with right lower abdominal pain who visited our hospital. On physical examination, the right testicle was slightly elevated and Prehn's sign was positive. As torsion of the right spermatic cord was suspected, ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography were performed, revealing sufficient blood supply in the right spermatic cord and in the most part of the right testicle. However, a low echogenic area without blood flow was noted in the upper pole of testicle. Since CT and MRI findings couldn't rule out a testicular tumor, right high orchiectomy was performed. The specimen revealed a hemorrhagic area, histologically proved to be segmental hemorrhagic infarction of the testicle. Segmental infarction of a testicle is rare and our case is the 31st case in the world literature (the 7th case in Japan).
Acute Disease↗
[Case report of a patient with invading bladder cancer and lymph node swelling which decreased following 5'-DFUR treatment].
We report a 75-year-old man with invading bladder cancer and enlarged lymph nodes, which decreased following 5'-DFUR treatment. A postoperative abdominal CT showed lymph node swelling around the great vessels. The patient refused aggressive chemotherapy, so he was given a 5-FU derivative, 5'-DFUR, 800 mg/day orally. The enlarged lymph node had decreased in size by the 22nd day after the treatment, and the patient has maintained a near CR.
Aged↗
[Transgenic plants as a medicine production system].
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Agriculture↗
[The three-dimensional CT angiography findings of ruptured aneurysms hardly detectable by repeated cerebral angiography].
We reported three cases of cerebral aneurysms hardly detectable by cerebral angiography, but easily detected by three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA). These cases were ruptured aneurysms with subarachnoid hemorrhage. After detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT scan, cerebral angiography was performed at first, but aneurysms were not detected. Subsequently 3D-CTA was carried out, and aneurysms were detected. In all cases, cerebral angiography was repeated, after the aneurysms had been found by 3D-CTA. This time aneurysms were all detected by cerebral angiography, but each case needed photographs from special direction. The aneurysms were small by usual cerebral angiography and they were almost invisible behind the artery near which they existed. 3D-CTA was very useful for detection of small aneurysms, but small perforating arteries around the aneurysms were invisible by 3D-CTA. To find these perforating arteries, cerebral angiography was needed.
Aged↗
[Characteristics of blood cells during peripheral blood stem cell mobilization following chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
The objective of our study was to obtain a predictor of the timing for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection using routine blood cell counts. For that purpose, we compared recovery kinetics of peripheral blood cells and CD34+ cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who were given granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for PBSC collection after CHOP therapy. Peaks in the monocyte/WBC ratio and reticulocyte high fluorescence ratio (HFR) were observed 2 to 3 days prior to the peak CD34+ cell count. In addition, the appearance of immature granulocytes in peripheral blood correlated well with increases in CD34+ PBSC number. These findings suggested the peak monocyte/WBC ratio, HFR, and immature granulocyte count can be used as predictors of the timing for PBSC harvests.
Adult↗
Adult onset cyclic hematopoiesis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.
A 75-year-old woman presenting with myelodysplastic syndrome showed cyclic oscillations in her white blood cell and platelet counts. Each cycle lasted for 5 to 6 months, with 4 cycles occurring over the course of a 2-year period. During successive cycles, the white blood cell count fluctuated from 10.1 to 2.6; 13.8 to 1.8; 11.0 to 1.6, and 8.6 to 1.3 x 10(9)/L. The platelet count fluctuated from 242 to 38, 199 to 11, 110 to 5, and 75 to 3 x 10(9)/L. The patient underwent red blood cell transfusions because of red blood cell aplasia; the frequency of the transfusions and the erythropoietin concentration in serum were inversely correlated. The number of circulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units and CD34-positive cells in peripheral blood oscillated in phase with the white blood cell and platelet counts. These patterns suggested a periodic influx of progenitor cells from hematopoietic stem cells. The ratio of neutrophils to mononuclear cells remained essentially constant throughout the clinical course. Lymphocyte subset assessments using monoclonal antibodies showed an inverse CD4/CD8 ratio (less than 1) and extreme B cell lymphopenia throughout the fourth cycle. The percentage of CD3-positive cells oscillated inversely, suggesting that the cyclic cytopenia had an immune mechanism involving T lymphocytes.
Age of Onset↗
Idiopathic retroperitoneal hematoma mimicking cystic tumor associated with hemorrhagic renal cyst.
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Toxicosis of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) for osteosarcoma, cured with treatment by leucovorin (LV) rescue and hemoperfusion--a case report].
A 17-year-old boy suffered from osteosarcoma in his left distal femur. He was treated with 4 courses of HD-MTX preoperatively, then a wide resection and replacement with endprosthesis was performed. After surgery, 4 more courses of HD-MTX were administered. In the last course of HD-MTX, the serum level of MTX had not decreased to a safe level after 48 hours following MTX administration. Liver and renal dysfunction then occurred, so massive leucovorin rescue and hemoperfusion were done. Fortunately, all complications disappeared. The patient is alive and well, and has been disease free for six years since surgery.
Adolescent↗
Effects of Fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies necrophorum on extracellular matrix of tissue-cultured bovine kidney cells.
The effects of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum on the extracellular matrix were investigated. The toxic preparation from the culture induced reduction in the number of tissue-cultured bovine kidney cells. The exposed cells often manifested partial loss of cytoplasm and were morphologically irregular. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated partial loss of the microvilli on the exposed cells and roughness of the cell surfaces. Finally, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles revealed complete degradation of bovine collagen type 1 after treatment with the toxic preparation. This degradation was inhibited by the addition of homologous antiserum. These findings indicate that the degradation may contribute to the establishment of the infection caused by F.n. subsp. necrophorum.
Animals↗