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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohtsuka

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohtsuka.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Lymphoblastic transformation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in an infant.

A 10-month-old infant with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) of 5 months' duration, who had been treated only with transfusion, displayed leukemic transformation characterized by lymphoid morphology, PAS positivity, and myeloperoxidase negativity. Surface marker analysis of blast cells revealed expression of lymphoid-associated antigens (CD10 and CD19) but not myeloid-associated antigens (CD13, CD14, and CD33). These findings suggest that some cases of infantile CMML are clonal disorders arising in a pluripotent stem cell that can also differentiate along the lymphoid cell lineage.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1996

Prenatally detected hepatic hamartoma: another cause of non-immune hydrops.

Although various conditions associated with non-immune hydrops have been reported, primary hepatic tumours are rare. As a mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver is a rare benign tumour, it has not been listed as a cause of hydrops. In this report we describe a case in which a large cystic mass in the fetal liver associated with non-immune hydrops was prenatally detected with sonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologically confirmed as a mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Continuous measurement of blood pressure, heart rate and left ventricular performance during and after isometric exercise in head-out water immersion.

Experiments were performed to determine the changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and left ventricular function during and after isometric knee extension during thermoneutral (35 degrees C) head-out water immersion (HWI) or in air. Seven healthy male subjects mean age 24 (SD 3) years kept their knees extended (60% maximal voluntary extension) until they reached exhaustion. The mean BP at rest was 80 (SD 10) and 78 (SD 8) mmHg [10.7 (SD 1.33) and 10.4 (SD 1.07)kPa] in air and during HWI, respectively, (NS). They increased progressively (P < 0.01) during contraction and reached maximal values of 148 (SD 22) and 143 (SD 26) mmHg [19.7 (SD 2.93) and 19.1 (SD 3.47)kPa] in air and in HWI, respectively, (NS). The mean HR at rest was 74 (SD 8) and 70 (SD 11) beats.min-1 in air and in HWI, respectively, (NS). They also increased progressively, (P < 0.01) and reached 126 (SD 14) and 118 (SD 17) beats.min-1 in air and in HWI, respectively, (NS). The changes in BP and HR during contraction in HWI tended to be smaller than those in air (NS). Left ventricular end diastolic diameters (dd) at rest in HWI were greater than those in air and were maintained at higher values during and after isometric contraction. In contrast, dd decreased during isometric contraction in air (P < 0.01). The change of left ventricular systolic diameters (ds) in HWI was no different to those in air. From these findings, isometric exercise in thermoneutral HWI would seem to be characterized by a greater dd than in air and this could be useful for patients with deconditioning effects such as orthostatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Balneotherapy and platelet glutathione metabolism in type II diabetic patients.

Effects of balneotherapy on platelet glutathione metabolism were investigated in 12 type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Levels of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) on admission were well correlated with those of fasting plasma glucose (FPG; r = 0.692, P < 0.02). After 4 weeks of balneotherapy, the mean level of GSH showed no changes; however, in well-controlled patients (FPG < 150 mg/dl), the level increased (P < 0.01) and in poorly controlled patients (FPG > 150 mg/dl), the value decreased (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and the levels of FPG (r = -0.430, P < 0.05). After balneotherapy, the activity increased in 5 patients, decreased in 3 patients and showed no changes (alteration within +/- 3%) in all the other patients. From these findings in diabetic patients we concluded: (1) platelet GSH synthesis appeared to be induced in response to oxidative stress; (2) lowered GPX activities indicated that the antioxidative defense system was impaired; and (3) platelet glutathione metabolism was partially improved by 4 weeks balneotherapy, an effect thought to be dependent on the control status of plasma glucose levels. It is suggested that balneotherapy is beneficial for patients whose platelet antioxidative defense system is damaged, such as those with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1996

Use of a monitor muscle flap in buried free forearm flap transfer.

The free forearm flap is a reliable and versatile tool in head and neck reconstruction. However, the patency of the microvascular anastomosis is difficult to monitor when the flap is buried in the reconstruction of the esophagus or orbital floor. We used a portion of forearm muscle on a branch of the radial artery and vein as a monitor flap. After the free forearm flap transfer, the monitor muscle flap was placed externally through a small skin incision. Flap viability was assessed by observing the color of the bleeding elicited from the muscle flap. Monitor muscle flaps are raised easily during elevation of the forearm flap. This technique was used successfully in 5 patients. This monitoring method provides a simple and reliable assessment of viability when direct monitoring of the forearm flap is not possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Masked ureteral duplication with ectopic ureter detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of a masked duplex kidney system is described. A 9 year old girl was admitted to our hospital for urinary incontinence. She was found to possess an ectopic ureter associated with complete ureteral duplication. She had been evaluated for incontinence at several hospitals, but neither ultrasound sonography nor intravenous pyelography detected any abnormalities. Only cystoscopic examination and MRI detected the anomalies. Partial nephroureterectomy resolved the patient's incontinence. MRI is useful for the detection of ureteral duplication and should be used on cases in which this condition is suspected, prior to performing invasive procedures.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Partial seizures in West syndrome.

PURPOSE: To study the occurrence of partial seizures (PS) and elucidate the characteristics of patients with West syndrome (WS) with PS. METHODS: We investigated the electroclinical and radiologic features in 92 children with WS who were older than 3 years at follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-six (39.1%) children had PS at some time during the course of the disease. They had a significantly high incidence of asymmetric spasms, hemiparesis, and asymmetric hypsarrhythmia. Their seizure prognosis was significantly less favorable. PS appeared only before spasms (group A, six children), concomitant with spasms (group B, 18 children), and only after spasms ceased (group C, 12 children). Five children in group B had PS after spasms stopped. PS in group A and during the period of active spasms in group B showed high seizure frequency and variability of both seizures and EEG manifestations. The PS and EEG epileptiform discharges were mainly in parietal-posterior temporal-occipital, and central regions. Late PSs in group B and PSs in group C were characterized by stereotyped manifestations and relatively low seizure frequency. These PSs originated mostly from frontal regions. CONCLUSIONS: In some children with WS, cortical lesions can induce both PS and spasms in series, whereas in others, both types of seizures occur with abnormally increased excitability throughout the cortex rather than as the result of a single cortical lesion. These findings suggest caution in interpreting focal discharges, which may fluctuate and are not necessarily indicative of a surgically accessible lesion. When the discharges are stable and correlate with an equally stable clinical pattern, the likelihood of an underlying cortical lesion is greater.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1996

Transient relaxation of plasmid DNA in Escherichia coli by fluoroquinolones.

We examined the influence of fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and sparfloxacin) on DNA supercoiling of plasmids in Escherichia coli cells by analysis with agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of chloroquine. All the fluoroquinolones tested immediately induced DNA relaxation. The relaxed DNA was re-supercoiled, and the process was sensitive to chloramphenicol, suggesting that newly synthesized proteins participate in the reaction. The concentrations of fluoroquinolones required for DNA relaxation were much higher than those required for cell killing. The bactericidal effect of fluoroquinolones is apparently related to mechanisms other than DNA relaxation.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1996

Microbiologic studies on the small intestine in Kawasaki disease.

In an attempt to elucidate the etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD), the microflora of the small intestine was investigated in 15 Japanese KD patients. The range of bacterial species adhering to the lumen of the jejunum of KD patients was quite different from that of controls. A wider variety of bacteria was isolated from jejunal biopsies in the acute phase of KD as compared with those from control children. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from KD patients predominantly. Notably, five kinds of streptococci and two kinds of staphylococci were isolated only from KD patients. Further investigation of the microflora of the small intestine of KD patients may provide clues to clarify the pathogenesis of this disease.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Food antigen activates intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in food-sensitive enteropathy in mice.

Morphologic and immunologic changes in the gut mucosa of food-hypersensitive mice, from a study model generated by feeding ovalbumin (OVA) to female BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY), were investigated in an effort to clarify the mechanisms of food-sensitive enteropathy. Villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were confirmed in the antigen-challenged OVA-sensitive mice as seen in food-sensitive enteropathy in humans, whereas no significant morphologic changes were observed in the nontreated control group or groups treated with OVA or CY alone. IEL and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were isolated from the intestinal mucosa before and after the antigen challenge, and surface markers were analyzed by FACScan. After the antigen challenge, the numbers of CD8+ cells increased among the IEL, and the occurrence of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells increased among the LPL. The numbers of Thy-1+ cells and TCR- alpha/beta + cells increased among both the IEL and LPL, and LFA-1 expression was enhanced in both of these lymphocyte populations. The proliferative response of IEL and LPL to OVA increased in a dose-dependent manner after the antigen challenge in the OVA-sensitive mouse model. These results indicate that IEL and LPL, possibly those that have migrated from peripheral blood, are activated by orally administered antigens and cause mucosal damage in the food-sensitive enteropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Efficient lipase-catalyzed preparation of long-chain fatty acid esters of bile acids: biological activity and synthetic application of the products.

A highly regioselective (3-position) and efficient (quantitative yield) acylation of bile acids catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase was established. Methyl cholate derivatives acylated with long-chain fatty acids (C12-C16) showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of some strains of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria (27-400 micrograms/ml). The anti-bacterial activity was slightly weaker than has been observed for methyl cholate, while the increased lipophilicity and lower melting points of the present derivatives are well suited for a potential germicide which would be safe and be topically applied. This enzyme-catalyzed transesterification is also demonstrated as an expeditious route to ursodeoxycholic acid, in respect of the regioselective introduction of acyl protecting groups on the hydroxyl groups of the intermediates. 7-Ketolithocholic acid, a known direct precursor of ursodeoxycholic acid, was obtained from cholic acid via chenodeoxycholic acid in a 46% yield and 9 steps.

Acylation↗
PubMed1996

[Characteristics of auditory brainstem response in presbyacusis--compared with the results of pure tone, speech or binaural audiometry].

The relationships between the auditory brainstem response (ABR) latencies and the results of three phychophysical measurements-pure tone audiometry, speech discrimination test and directional hearing test-were investigated in 58 subjects with presbyacusis. ABR latencies in presbyacusis patients were also compared with those in young adults with normal hearing or cochlear hearing loss. The results were as follows: There was a significant correlation between the average thresholds of pure tone audiometry and latencies of ABR waves I, III, V and/or interpeak latencies of waves I-III and I-V. There was a significant correlation between the scores of the speech discrimination test and latencies of waves I, III and V. There was also a significant correlation between the value of the directional hearing test and only interpeak latency of waves I-III. It was found that the I-III peak interval was prolonged in the ABR of presbyacusis, and that the results of pure tone audiometry and directional hearing tests were rather well correlated with the prolonged I-III peak interval.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Results of transurethral resection of prostate plus incision (TUR-P+I) for benign prostatic hypertrophy].

The results of 14 patients treated by TUR-P+I and 15 patients by TUR-P between September 1991 and August 1993 were reviewed to evaluate the effects of TUR-P+I. Tur-P+I is a combined technique of channelling TUR-P and transurethral incision of the bladder neck and the prostate. After receiving modest TUR of the adenoma, the bladder neck and anatomical capsule of the prostate was incised by electroresectoscope at 6 o'clock position from the bladder neck toward to verumontanum. Before operation, the maximum floor rate, average flow rate, and residual urine volume were measured, which were respectively 9.9 +/- 5.6 ml/s (M+SEM), 4.4 +/- 2.3 ml/s, and 130 +/- 80 ml in TUR-p+I group, and 11.6 +/- 2.9 ml/s, 4.3 +/- 1.8 ml/s, and 60 +/- 60 ml (p < 0.01) in TUR-P group. The operation time and resected tissue weights were similar in both groups; 68 +/- 16 min and 11 +/- 5.2 g in TUR-P+I group, and 72 +/- 25 min and 11 +/- 6.5 g in TUR-P group. The post-operative maximum flow rate, average flow rate and residual urine volume were respectively improved to 19.0 +/- 5.7 ml/s, 9.3 +/- 3.7 ml/s, and 20 +/- 20 ml in TUR-P+I group, and 14.6 +/- 6.1 ml/s (p = 0.057), 6.6 +/- 2.6 ml/s (p < 0.05), and 30 +/- 30 ml (not significant) in the TUR-P group. Neither significant blood loss nor complications were experienced in either procedure. It is suggested that TUR-P+I could be a safe and effective alternative of TUR-P. Longer follow-up and the prospective study are required to establish the value of the current combined technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Three siblings with interstitial pneumonia].

Patient 1: A 64-year-old woman was admitted for further examination after reticulonodular shadows were found on a chest X-ray film. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) was diagnosed. Patient 2: The 60-year-old sister of patient 1 was admitted for further examination after reticulonodular shadows were found on a chest X-ray film. IIP was diagnosed. About half a year later, her proximal interphalangeal joints had become swollen and the result of a rheumatoid hemagglutination test was positive. Therefore, the pneumonia was suspected to have been caused by a collagen-vascular disease (CVD), rheumatoid arthritis. Patient 3: The 64-year-old brother of patient 1 was examined. A chest X-ray film revealed reticulonodular shadows that were strongly suggestive of IIP. The remaining three siblings were examined. In a 62-year-old sister, the chest X-ray film was normal, but the level of anti-nuclear antigen was elevated. The fact that the level of this antigen was high in these four siblings and that the 60-year-old sister later suffered from rheumatoid arthritis suggested the presence of a factor predisposing to CVD in these siblings. The interstitial pneumonia in these siblings may have been related to CVD.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1996

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on azithromycin in children].

Azithromycin (AZM) is a new oral macrolide antibiotic drug. AZM either in 10% fine granules form or in 100 mg capsule form was studied for its pharmacokinetics and treatment efficacy in pediatric patients with various infections. 1. Pharmacokinetics. Plasma and urine samples were collected from four patients with pharyngitis and post-dosing drug levels were determined. The drug was given once daily at 10 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. The drug concentrations found in plasma at 96 hours after the first dosing (48 hours after the final dosing) lay in a range of 0.02 and 0.04 microgram/ml and in urine at 120 hours after the first dosing (72 hours after the final dosing) in a range between 3.2 and 7.7 micrograms/ml. AZM was found in two patients but no effect was observed on blood levels of theophylline determined between 48 and 96 hours after the first dosing in the treatment of underlying bronchial asthma. 2. Clinical study results. Clinical studies of AZM was carried out in 25 pediatric patients with bacterial infections that mainly affected the respiratory tract. The patients received either 10% fine granules at 10 or 20 mg/ kg body weight or 100 mg capsules at 10 mg/kg body weight once daily over 3 to 6 days. The drug was found markedly effective in six patients, moderately effective in thirteen patients, while the investigators could not assess the drug efficacy in six patients. Although no side effect was reported in the study, two patients experienced slight decrease in WBC.

Adolescent↗