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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohtsuka

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohtsuka.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Spectral and waveform characteristics of fine and coarse crackles.

Two acoustically different types of lung crackles, fine and coarse, occur in different pathophysiological conditions. To differentiate these crackles from objective characteristics of frequency information, crackles were recorded from 16 patients with pulmonary fibrosis judged clinically to have "fine" crackles and from 10 with chronic bronchitis who had mainly "coarse" crackles. Time expanded waveforms (1/4 cycle duration, initial deflection width, two cycle duration, and 9/4 cycle duration; duration of the first 1/4, 2/4, 8/4, and 9/4 cycles of crackle waveforms) were examined and fast Fourier transform analysis (peak and maximum frequencies) was performed. All waveform measurements for fine crackles were significantly smaller than those for coarse crackles. Peak and maximum frequencies for fine crackles were significantly higher than those for coarse crackles. Although there was some overlap in these values for individual crackles between the two groups when average values of these measurements were calculated for each patient, there was no overlap between fine and coarse crackles and the two groups could be clearly separated. Log peak frequency and log maximum frequency correlated better with 9/4 cycle duration (r = 0.85, 0.84) and two cycle duration (r = 0.87, 0.86) than with 1/4 cycle duration (r = 0.66, 0.77) or initial deflection width (r = 0.67, 0.79). Early and late segments of crackles have different characteristics, probably related to the origin of the sound and the resonance of the lung respectively. These results suggest that spectral and waveform characteristics may help to improve the accuracy of pulmonary auscultation and increase knowledge of how crackles are generated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immobilization of yeast and the function of immobilized yeast.

Hansenula anomala, which catalyzes an asymmetric reduction, was immobilized in bulk or spherical crosslinked polymers. The catalytic activity of the yeast for enantio-selective reduction of 3,8-dioxo-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-delta 4(10)-octalin (lab) was severely affected by the immobilization conditions, such as the crosslink density, and by hydrophobicity of polymers and other components used for immobilization, oxygen concentration in the medium, etc. In some immobilized systems, the ratio of resulting enantiomers was inverted from that in a free yeast system.

Cross-Linking Reagents↗
PubMed1991

[A prospective study of lung cancer in cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP)].

The incidence of lung cancer in 45 patients (37 males and 8 females), who were originally diagnosed as having idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), was studied prospectively by following them 4 to 10 years. As controls, sex-, age-, and smoking history matched patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) were also surveyed for the same follow up period. In addition, the differences in clinical findings between those with and without lung cancer were examined. Eight out of 45 patients with IIP (18%) developed lung cancer (adenocarcinoma; 4, small cell carcinoma; 3, squamous cell carcinoma; 2, including one double cancer). All lung cancer patients were male smokers. Looking only at males, 8 out of 37 patients with IIP (21.6%) developed lung cancer. This incidence was significantly higher than that of the male COLD group (2.2%, less than 0.01). In clinical findings, IIP patients with lung cancer had the characteristics of the chronic type of IIP (lack of volume loss on chest radiographic milder dyspnea, not on steroid treatment) when compared with those who did not develop lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome followed by bronchial asthma, intraventricular thrombus, and duodenitis].

We report a 43-year-old male with hypereosinophilic syndrome. The patient has had eosinophilia since the age of 25. He developed bronchial asthma at 41 years of age. In the following year, he consulted a gastroenterologist because of fever and abdominal discomfort. Upper gastrointestinal study showed duodenitis. At the age of 43 years, there was slight fever, watery diarrhea, and eosinophilia. Examination in our department disclosed hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with duodenitis, endomyocarditis with an intraventricular thrombus, and bronchial asthma caused by house dust. Both prednisolone and aspirin were administered with improvement of eosinophilia and partial thrombolysis. Assays of IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5 revealed increased activity of IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-3 in this order. Especially IL-5 has by far the strongest activity in these cytokines. IL-5 may play an important role in the development of hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Characterization of childhood onset asthma in the adult asthmatic population].

Adult asthma is composed of two groups; childhood type in which asthma begins in childhood, and adult type which starts in adult life. To characterize childhood-onset asthma in the adult asthmatic population, we selected 171 patients with asthma who were treated at Hokkaido University Hospital and examined the time of onset, atopic factors (family history of asthma, skin tests, IgE (RIST, RAST], eosinophil counts, and clinical severity. We then compared these factors between childhood type and adult type. Thirty-three patients out of 171 (19.3%) developed asthma during childhood, mostly before the age of 5. The age of onset in the rest of the 138 patients was equally distributed from 20 to 60 years. Asthma rarely begun between 10 and 15 years. In childhood type, 15 of 33 patients (45%) had continuous symptoms from childhood, and 18 of 33 patients (55%) experienced remission of their asthma and recurrence at an adult age. The group with childhood-type asthma was younger than that with adult-type asthma (32.5 +/- 13.9 (SD) and 49.7 +/- 14.2 years (mean +/- SD), respectively, p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in atopic factors except for a higher incidence of positive skin reaction and high IgE (RAST) score in childhood type than in adult type. Steroid dependent asthma was less frequent in childhood type than in adult type (10.5% and 37.7%, respectively, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that patients with childhood type are younger and have asthma of milder severity, and it is easier to determine specific antigens in childhood type than in adult type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of almitrine in acute canine lung injury induced by paraquat].

The effects of intravenously administered almitrine (0.3 or 1.0 micrograms/kg/min, for 30 min) on hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were assessed in eight dogs with acute lung injury induced by paraquat under controlled ventilation. Arterial blood gases, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, and ventilation-perfusion distribution (VA/Q) using the multiple inert gas elimination technique were examined before (control) and during infusion of almitrine. Almitrine produced significant increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 17.4 +/- 3.3 (control, mean +/- SD) to 20.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg (1.0 micrograms/kg/min), and in total pulmonary vascular resistance. There was no change in other hemodynamic parameters, arterial gas tensions, or VA/Q distribution. These results indicate that almitrine causes pulmonary vasoconstriction without changing ventilation-perfusion distribution in dogs with paraquat-induced lung injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of biologic activities of synthetic lipopentapeptide analogs of bacterial lipoprotein in mice.

Mitogenicity, lethal toxicity, induction of tumor necrotizing factor (TNF), and antitumor activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma of four chemically synthesized lipopentapeptide analogs, S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-2R (designated as KAB-1), -2S(KAB-3)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteinyl-(S)-seryl- (S)-seryl-(S)-asparaginyl-(S)-alanine, S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-2R(KAB-2), and -2S(KAB-4)-propyl]-N-[(2,2,2)-trichloroethoxycarbonyl]-(R)- cysteinyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-seryl-(S)-asparaginyl-(S)-alanine, of bacterial lipoprotein were investigated. These four analogs, as well as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or synthetic Escherichia coli-type lipid A (506), were capable of increasing of [3H]thymidine into splenocytes of C3H/He mice. Although LPS and 506 did not exhibit the mitogenic activity in C3H/HeJ mice, KAB compounds showed remarkable mitogenicity. These analogs did not show the lethal toxicity at a high dose of 50 micrograms/mouse in galactosamine-loaded C57BL/6 mice. Peritoneal macrophages, stimulated with four analogs, caused the production of TNF which induces the L929 cell lysis in vitro. Twice, intravenous injections of 50 micrograms/mouse of these analogs showed weak growth inhibition of Meth A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice. The inhibitory effect of KAB-2 compound, which caused the strong TNF-induction among the four analogs, was the most potent. These results indicate that the biological activity of KAB-2 (R-configuration of the C-2 position in glycerol moiety with dipalmitoyl) is stronger than that of the other three analogs.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Mechanisms of blood coagulation induced by latex particles and the roles of blood cells.

Latex particles with highly negative or positive charges shortened the clotting time of whole blood and platelet-rich plasma and activated platelet factor 3. Platelet-poor plasma was clotted by the particles with a highly negative charge, but not by those with a positive charge, except hydrophobic particles. Blood coagulation by positively-charged particles was attributed to platelet activation. An enhancement of blood coagulation was also observed in the presence of erythrocytes, leucocytes, their cell membranes or negatively charged phospholipids, and phosphatidylserine instead of platelets. Hydrophilic and low-charged particles suppressed blood coagulation.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1990

Long-term prognosis of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

A long-term follow-up study of 89 patients of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) disclosed the persistent occurrence of seizures in 68 patients (76.4%) and severe mental defect in 48 (53.9%). An analysis of the correlation between the mental and seizure prognoses confirmed that the persistence of minor seizures could result in mental deterioration. An examination of the evolutional changes in EEG demonstrated that diffuse slow spike-waves characteristic of LGS gradually disappeared, while focal epileptic discharges, especially multifocal spikes, appeared in spite of the persistence of minor seizures. The diagnostic criteria were satisfied in only 31 (47.0%) of 66 patients with the persistence of minor seizures. Patients with multiple independent spike foci and minor seizures were considered to belong to a specific type of epilepsy, namely the severe epilepsy with multiple independent spike foci (the severe epilepsy with MISF). The seizure and mental prognoses were poorer in patients who evolved into the severe epilepsy with MISF than others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Involvement of lipoproteins in suppression of interleukin 2-dependent cell proliferation by sera from aged humans.

Sera from the elderly, but not young, inhibited markedly interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent proliferation of cloned T cells. Sera of aged humans contained high levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). VLDL and LDL inhibited the proliferation in a dose-related manner. The inhibition correlated with levels of serum VLDL and LDL. These results suggest that lipoproteins may act as a regulator of IL-2-dependent proliferation and that disturbance of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism may be partially responsible for diminished immune responses in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A prospective study of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and collagen vascular disease preceded by interstitial pneumonia].

The incidence and latency period of collagen vascular disease (CVD) were surveyed prospectively in patients originally diagnosed as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We also examined whether there were differences between IIP and CVD preceded by interstitial pneumonia. Background information, extrapulmonary symptoms, smoking history, laboratory findings, prognosis (Kaplan-Meier estimates), respiratory functions, and radiological findings were compared. The subjects consisted of 68 patients of whom 13 (19%) developed CVD (RA; 5 cases, DMPM; 5 cases, SLE; 1 case, Sjoegren syndrome; 1 case, Overlap syndrome; 1 case). The latency period for development of CVD was 24.9 +/- 39.2 (mean +/- SD) months. IIP patients who developed CVD were predominantly female and were younger than those without CVD (p less than 0.05). These patients also had faster ESR, higher CPK values, and a higher incidence of arthralgia, joint deformity and clubbed fingers (p less than 0.05). Abnormal shadows around costo-phrenic angles were seen more frequently in patients with CVD (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that quite a number of patients with IIP develop CVD. The clinical course of these patients should be followed by keeping these clinical findings in mind.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Impairment of erythrocyte anti-oxidant defense mechanisms in hypoxemic patients].

Defense mechanisms against lipid peroxidation were studied in erythrocytes from hypoxemic patients. The levels of lipid peroxides in patients erythrocytes were higher than those of control subjects (15.3 +/- 10.9 vs 7.5 +/- 3.0, p less than 0.05). The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased in erythrocytes from the patients (426 +/- 108 vs 756 +/- 201, p less than 0.01). Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were lower than those of control subjects (GPX; 27.6 +/- 7.1 vs 35.1 +/- 3.8, SOD; 76.6 +/- 42.9 vs 125.7 +/- 40.1, p less than 0.01). Positive correlations were observed between the levels of arterial oxygen pressures (PaO2) and the GSH concentrations, the activities of GPX and SOD, respectively. These data suggest that decreased anti-oxidant activity enhances lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes from hypoxemic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Epilepsy and sleep: with special reference to nonconvulsive status epilepticus with continuous diffuse spike-waves during slow-wave sleep].

There are numerous important problems concerning relationship between epilepsy and sleep. To clarify the clinical significance and pathophysiology of the nonconvulsive status epilepticus with continuous diffuse spike-waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS) in EEG, this study was carried out on seven cases each of epilepsies with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) and with peculiar type of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in childhood (PNSE) and four cases of atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE). Mental deterioration was most frequently observed in ESES, less in PNSE but none in ABPE. In both ESES and PNSE, mentally deteriorated cases showed suppression of CSWS at significantly later ages than those without deterioration. And spike-wave indices during slow-wave sleep, which were the highest in ESES and lower in PNSE and ABPE, also had a strong relation to mental deterioration. In these three disorders, both clinical seizures and CSWS were suppressed at or before 16 years of age, although they were intractable before adolescence. This finding indicated age dependent evolutions of the three disorders. Coherence and phase analysis of CSWS was undertaken to differentiate primary and secondary bilateral synchrony in seven cases of these three disorders, which have both features of generalized and partial epilepsies. This analysis disclosed secondary bilateral synchrony as the nature of CSWS in six cases. And this analysis method was considered to provide a clue to their pathophysiology. Thus, in these disorders, importance of early diagnosis by EEG including deep sleep and early treatment was recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Antitumor activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma and biologic activities of synthetic monosaccharide analogs of lipid A in mice.

Antitumor activity, mitogenicity, and lethal toxicity of chemically synthesized lipid A analogs, acylglucosamine-4- or -6-phosphate with the alpha, beta-hydroxyacyl, acyloxyacyl, or hydroxyacyloxacyl groups at the C-2 and C-3 positions, were examined. Meth A fibrosarcoma cells (5 X 10(5)) were inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c mice on day 0, and six compounds (50 micrograms/mouse) were administered intravenously on days 7 and 9. Although the antitumor activity of these compounds was weaker than that of natural lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the synthetic lipid A analog (506) of Escherichia sp type, all groups exhibited tumor inhibition rates of 40% to 50% and delayed tumor growth. Six compounds, with the exception of compound A-173 (with the hydroxytetranoyl group at the C-2 and C-3 positions), were capable of increasing the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cultured splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice, and caused lethal toxicity in C57BL/6 mice sensitized with galactosamine. However, these compounds had lower toxicity than bacterial LPS (about 500- to 1,000-fold). Compounds A-172 and A-174, which have the same structure except for the C-4 or C-6 position of the phosphate group, exerted similar antitumor activity, mitogenicity, and lethality. The results discussed above indicate that the biologic activity of these compounds correlates with the carbon number of fatty acid but is not affected by the different location of the phosphate group. Furthermore, it seems that the difference between the alpha, beta-hydroxy position of fatty acid and the R or S configuration does not alter the biologic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Purification of DNA-binding transcription factors by their selective adsorption on the affinity latex particles.

A simple method with the use of affinity latex particles has been developed for the fast and efficient purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins on the basis of their ability to selectively bind to their target sequences. Complementary oligodeoxynucleotides that contained a recognition site for a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein were chemically synthesized, annealed and ligated to give oligomers. The oligomers were coupled to latex particles, composed of polyglycidyl methacrylate, using cyanogen bromide to yield affinity latex particles. The concentration of covalently bound DNA on the affinity latex particles was 6 times as much DNA per ml as that in the Sepharose resin conventionally used. By sequential batch-wise procedures with the affinity particles, one of the sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors, ATF or E4TF3, was quickly and efficiently purified to homogeneity from either a protein fraction in which the factor was enriched or a crude cell extract.

Activating Transcription Factors↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and blood plasma as samples in fatty acid analysis for the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy.

We studied the very-long-chain fatty acids of blood plasma, erythrocyte membranes and lymphocytes in 4 adrenoleukodystrophy patients, 5 adrenoleukodystrophy obligate carriers, 12 normal controls and 81 patients with various neurological disorders by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared the reliabilities in the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy of these 3 components of peripheral blood. Of 81 patients with various neurological disorders, 2 myotonic dystrophy and 2 spinocerebellar degeneration patients showed increased ratios of C26:0 to C22:0 in erythrocyte membranes, but not in blood plasma and lymphocytes. None of the 12 normal controls showed increased ratios of C26:0 to C22:0 in erythrocyte membranes, blood plasma and lymphocytes. These results suggest that fatty acid analysis for the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy is more reliable when blood plasma and lymphocytes are used than when erythrocyte membranes are used.

Adolescent↗