Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Ohtani

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohtani.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Muscle fiber type transformation in nemaline myopathy and congenital fiber type disproportion.

In a morphometric study on biopsied muscles from 5 patients with nemaline myopathy (NM) and 5 with congenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD), the common findings were relative type 1 fiber smallness, type 1 fiber predominance and occasional hypertrophic type 2 fibers. In NM, the relatively larger type 1 fibers increased in number with age in parallel with a decrease in the number of normal to hypertrophic type 2 fibers, reflecting active fiber type transformation from type 2 to type 1, which resulted in striking type 1 fiber predominance. The presence of scattered non-atrophic type 2C fibers also reflected active fiber type transformation because the fibers during the maturational or degenerating process are known to show the type 2C reaction on ATPase staining. On the other hand, the type 1 fibers in CFTD were small in caliber and showed minimal variation in size, suggesting practically no fiber type transformation from hypertrophic type 2 to type 1.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Unusual case of diffuse connective tissue disease with nodule formations in muscle, lung, kidney and brain.

A 9-year-old boy had nodular masses in the left gastrocnemius muscle and lung, right kidney and right frontal area of the brain. Laboratory examinations, including positive anti-nuclear antibody, anti-RNP antibody, RA and CRP, hyper-gamma-globulinemia and accelerated ESR, showed characteristic of diffuse connective tissue disease (DCTD). Biopsy specimens were obtained from the thymus and from masses in the left lung and gastrocnemius muscle. The thymus showed hyperplasia, and a mass in the lung showed nonspecific inflammatory reactions such as connective tissue proliferation and cellular infiltration. Biopsied muscle also showed severe connective tissue proliferation, cellular infiltration, variation in fiber size and thickened blood vessel walls. In addition, abnormalities, including thickening of the basement membrane and an almost occluded narrow lumen of capillaries, were found on electron microscopy examination. Steroid administration led to remarkable improvement of the symptoms. These results suggested that DCTD is responsible for these symptoms.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Capillary permeability-increasing enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus (kankoku-mamushi): activity due to the release of peptide material from a protein in bovine plasma.

When a mixture of the purified capillary permeability-increasing enzyme from A. caliginosus venom and bovine plasma or heated bovine plasma was injected into the depilated skin of the back of a rabbit, the capillary permeability-increasing activity was much greater than that induced by injection of the enzyme alone. The substance which increases capillary permeability was extracted from the incubated mixture of bovine plasma and enzyme with 50-70% ethanol. Its activity was lost when treated with carboxypeptidase A. Thus, it is supposed that the increase in capillary permeability induced by the enzyme is due to a low molecular weight peptide released from a protein in bovine plasma by the action of the enzyme. No liberation by the enzyme of histamine or anaphylatoxins of the complement system was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on antigenicity of difluprednate--antigenicity of difluprednate, phototoxicity and photocontact sensitivity of difluprednate ointment and cream].

The antigenicity of difluprednate, phototoxicity and photocontact sensitivity of difluprednate ointment and cream were studied in guinea pigs and mice. The results in this study were as follows. Guinea pigs immunized with difluprednate emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant did not exhibit the systemic anaphylaxis and the delayed type hypersensitivity by the elicitation with either difluprednate alone or difluprednate-BSA conjugate. The antisera obtained from these guinea pigs did not show the positive response in the homologous 4-hour PCA reaction and the passive hemagglutination test against the challenge of the same antigens described above. In the maximization test, guinea pigs immunized with difluprednate did not show the contact sensitivity when elicited with difluprednate suspended in saline. Guinea pigs applied difluprednate ointment did not show positive contact sensitivity by the elicitation with difluprednate ointment and ointment base. The antisera obtained from mice immunized with difluprednate and difluprednate-OVA conjugate absorbed to Al (OH)3 gel did not give the positive response in the 72-hour PCA reaction against the challenge of either difluprednte alone or difluprednate-BSA conjugate. In the phototoxicity and photocontact sensitivity test, 0.05% difluprednate ointment and 0.05% difluprednate cream did not show positive reactions in guinea pigs, although very slight erythema was caused by the primary irritancy of cream base, with or without irradiation of ultraviolet ray (320-400 nm).

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical utility of tumor markers in gastric and colon cancer].

Serum TPA and CEA level were measured in patients with gastric or colon cancer during the course of surgical treatment, and those clinical utility was evaluated. Both markers level were shown to be highest in colon cancer, followed by gastric cancer, benign diseases, and healthy subjects. Late stage patients, especially inoperable patients or patients in recurrence showed significantly high TPA and CEA level compared to early stage patients. Both markers were considered to be useful not only postoperative following up for recurrence but also preoperative evaluation for resectability and prognosis and postoperative evaluation for the treatment itself.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

[Fetal and neonatal heart rate changes related with the acid-base balance of umbilical cord arterial blood].

The fetal heart rate (FHR) in the last 15 minutes of labor and the neonatal heart rate (NHR) in the first 15 minutes of life were recorded, and their correlation with the acid-base balance of the umbilical cord arterial blood was studied in 62 full-term infants. The one minute Apgar score was 7 or greater in all cases. The cord arterial pH was less than 7.250 in 13 neonates in the low pH group, and it was 7.250 or greater in 49 in the high pH group. FHR patterns during the last 15 minute of labor were classified into three types. The normal type was observed in 32 cases (51%), the severe variable deceleration type in 25 (40%), and the bradycardia type in 5 (9%). In the severe variable deceleration type, 10 cases in the low pH group showed a significantly longer period that of appearance than 15 in the high pH group. All fetuses that had at least one acceleration in the last 15 minutes of labor were included in the high pH group. NHR increased and reached its peak of 192bpm at 2.8 minutes after birth on the average. However, the low pH group showed a significantly higher NHR and a longer period until the peak than the high pH group. The low pH group had a higher NHR-baseline than the high pH group.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1985

[The role of the body's defense against tumors by regional lymph nodes].

The role of bodily defense against tumor by regional lymph nodes was discussed in this study, especially focused on anti-tumor effect. Anti-tumor immune response was observed in regional lymph nodes in the tumor-bearing mouse. Advance of tumor or distance between lymph nodes and tumor effected the strength of the immune responses. In clinical study, anti-tumor immune response was observed similarly on draining lymph nodes of gastric cancer or colo-rectal cancer by measuring the PHA lymphocyte blastogenesis formation, the natural killer activity and the T-cell subpopulation. The response of regional lymph nodes was suppressed in early stage cases, while that of remote nodes was preserved comparatively. As is stated above, anti-tumor immune response was confirmed in draining lymph nodes. This suggested that at least for early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis, surgical treatment with limited lymph node dissection should be considered in order to preserve bodily defense mechanism of regional lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides containing 7-deazaadenine: recognition and cleavage by restriction endonuclease Bgl II and Sau 3AI (nucleosides and nucleotides Part 55).

Deoxydecanucleotides having a recognition sequence of Bgl II and Sau 3AI, and their 7-deazaadenine analogs were synthesized. The decanucleotides containing 7-deazaadenine in place of adenine were partially resistant to the hydrolysis by Sau 3AI and strongly resistant to that by Bgl II. A new hypothesis on the mode of recognition and cleavage of specific nucleotide sequences by Bgl II, recognizing one strand and cleaving the other strand, is presented.

Adenine↗
PubMed1984

An electron microscopical study of the T-system in biopsied muscles from Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy.

The behavior of the tubular system in muscles from six patients with Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) was examined by electron microscopy using a lanthanum nitrate stain for a comparison with that in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In FCMD, many fibers showed morphological changes of the T-system as follows: aggregated tubular components forming honeycomb-like structures, focal dilatation of T-tubules with tangle formation, and numerous longitudinally projecting tubules, which were quite similar to those found in cases with DMD. The fibers with abnormal T-systems occasionally showed ultrastructural characteristics of regenerating fibers, including excessive ribosome particles, immaturely organized myofibrils, and an increased number of internal nuclei and satellite cells. The present results suggested that there was no qualitative difference in the behavior of the T-system between FCMD and DMD, and the morphological changes of the T-system in dystrophic muscles were not primary lesions initiating myonecrosis but reflected the behavior of sarcotubular formation in the process of muscle regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Behavior of sarcotubular system formation in experimentally induced regeneration of muscle fibers.

To examine the behavior of transverse (T)-tubule formation in experimentally-induced regenerating fibers, a local anesthetic, bupivacaine hydrochloride, was injected directly into the rat soleus muscle to cause myonecrosis. The regenerating fibers following necrosis were then examined by electron microscopy using lanthanum nitrate which clearly demonstrated the sarcotubular system. In the early stage of regeneration within 7 days after muscle necrosis, the T-tubules seemed to be composed of markedly proliferated subsarcolemmal caveolae with occasional honeycomb structure formation. Around 10 days, the T-tubules in regenerating fibers were tortuously and irregularly arranged with focal dilatation in diameter, and extended longitudinally along the axis of well organized myofibrils. As the regenerating fibers matured, the sarcotubular system, irregular in course and in shape, gradually became organized into a regular transverse position against the myofibrils, along with a marked decrease in longitudinally arranged tubular components. These morphological findings of the early T-tubule formation seen in the present study were similar to those found in early myogenesis, and in biopsied muscles from cases of polymyositis and progressive muscular dystrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Renal handling of free and acylcarnitine in secondary carnitine deficiency.

Free and acylcarnitine in serum and urine samples were measured in miscellaneous diseases, including mitochondrial cytopathy with Fanconi's syndrome (MCFS). The urinary concentration of acylcarnitine always exceeded that of free carnitine, and a significant negative correlation was found between the ratio of serum free to acylcarnitine and the ratio of free to acylcarnitine clearance among control and test patients (p less than 0.005). A patient with MCFS excreted large amounts of free carnitine compared with acylcarnitine in urine, which may be attributable to decreased reabsorption of free carnitine in renal tubules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Visual field differences in a letter classification task in unilateral and bilateral presentation conditions].

Kimura's "access model" (1966) of functional difference between the two cerebral hemispheres was examined in a letter classification task. Subjects were required to judge whether or not two Japanese Kana letters in different forms, simultaneously or successively presented, had the same phonemes. Letter stimuli were tachistoscopically projected unilaterally in either right visual field (UR) or left visual field (UL), or bilaterally one in each visual field (B). In successive condition, three interstimulus-interval (ISI) conditions were provided, and bilateral pairs were divided into BL and BR conditions according to the visual field of the first letter. RTs for UR were shorter than UL both in simultaneous and successive conditions. Bilateral pairs in simultaneous condition showed shorter RTs than UL. In successive condition, both BL and BR showed longer RTs than UR in all ISI conditions. The fact that RTs for BL did not approach to UR suggested the necessity of some additional assumptions to Kimura's access model. Reservation of the processing of first stimuli was discussed as one of the possible interpretations for the present results.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1983

A fluorescent microscopy study of biopsied muscles from infantile neuromuscular disorders.

The Acridine Orange (AO) stain for muscle biopsies is particularly useful to identify regenerating and ongoing hypertrophic muscle fibers under fluorescent microscopy. This method was applied to muscle biopsies from 65 patients who suffered from various childhood neuromuscular disorders. While normal fibers showed dull green cytoplasm with small green-yellow nuclei, striking fluorescent fibers were observed in eight cases of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and 12 cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD); these fibers were characterized as follows: (1) small fibers with big oval or spherical nuclei which fluoresced strongly with a bright orange color; (2) fibers of various sizes and different degrees of orange fluorescence; and (3) opaque fibers with bright yellow cytoplasm. The small diameter fibers in Werdnig-Hoffmann (WH) disease, nemaline myopathy, and congenital fiber type disproportion failed to show apparent AO-RNA fluorescence. Although all the atrophic fibers in Kugelberg-Welander (KW) disease showed a vague orange fluorescent color, this was obviously different from that of regenerating fibers seen in CMD and DMD. In addition to these findings, the hypertrophic fibers in a case of unclassified myopathy also showed moderate orange fluorescence around the entire periphery of the cytoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Purification of a capillary permeability increasing-enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus (kankoku-mamushi).

A capillary permeability increasing-enzyme was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion exchange chromatographies on CM-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and affinity chromatography on p-aminobenzamidine-epsilon-aminocaproic acid-Sepharose 4B. By this procedure, 6.2 mg of the purified enzyme was obtained from 4 g of the venom. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by disc electrophoresis at pH 8.3 and pH 4.5, and did not show any caseinolytic, clotting or bradykinin-releasing activities. The enzyme hydrolyzed N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methylester and the specific activity of the enzyme was 7.3 N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methylester units per mg of protein. When 3 micrograms of the enzyme was injected into the depilated skin of the back of a rabbit, capillary permeability was increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Intracytoplasmic inclusions in the atrophic muscle fibers in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease.

In the biopsied muscle from a male infant having clinical and pathological characteristics of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, unusual intracytoplasmic inclusions measuring from 1.5-7 micron in dimension were observed in approximately 3% of the atrophic fibers. Although the ultrastructural characteristics of the inclusion were almost identical to that of "cytoplasmic body" seen in various neuromuscular disorders, which showed somewhat different histochemical reactions. This unusual structure was assumed to have originated from degenerated myofibrils and possibly from mitochondria, while the significance of the body formation still remains to be solved.

Humans↗