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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohta.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Structure of cloned delta-globin genes from a normal subject and a patient with delta-thalassemia; sequence polymorphisms found in the delta-globin gene region of Japanese individuals.

The delta-globin genes of a normal Japanese and a Japanese patient with homozygous delta-thalassemia were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of a region including the gene was determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of these two individuals with that of pH delta 1, delta-globin clone from the gene library constructed by Maniatis et al., showed differences in the large intervening sequence (IVS 2), at positions 137, 151, 186, 188, 291, 292 and 540 as one base substitutions, at 339 and 823 as one base additions, at 548 as a one base deletion, and a 9 bp duplication between positions 651 and 659, and differences in the 3'-flanking sequence at 51 and 98 nucleotides 3' to the AATAAA sequence. However, in the region studied, no differences was observed in the nucleotide sequences of the normal subject and the patient with delta-thalassemia. Therefore, these differences may represent polymorphisms of the delta-globin gene present in Japanese individuals. These data suggest that IVS 2 is more divergent than other regions, and that a DNA region(s) other than the globin gene may affect expression of the gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

rec-Assay with spores of Bacillus subtilis with and without metabolic activation.

The rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis strains H17 Rec+ and M45 Rec- was carried out with their spores. The use of spores ensured more than 50 times higher sensitivities with several typical chemical mutagens compared with those with vegetative cells. This improved sensitivity enabled us to detect DNA-damaging activities of typical metabolically activated chemicals. Conditions of improvements and quantitative aspects are analyzed and described.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chicken antithrombin. Isolation, characterization, and comparison with mammalian antithrombins and chicken ovalbumin.

Chicken antithrombin was purified from fresh chicken plasma by affinity chromatography using heparin-agarose, and its amino acid and carbohydrate compositions, amino-terminal sequence, inhibition of human thrombin, and immunological properties were studied and compared with previously studied mammalian antithrombins (human, pig, rabbit, and rat), and also with chick ovalbumin. Chicken antithrombin is a single-chain glycoprotein with a total carbohydrate content of 17.5%, including 6.0% N-acetylglucosamine, 8.7% hexose, and 2.8% N-acetylneuraminic acid. The molecular weight estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 60,000. The amino-terminal sequence has been determined as Ala-Pro-Tyr-Ala-Val-Glu-Asp-Ile-Cys-Thr-Ala-Lys-Pro-Thr-Asp-Ile-Pro-Val-Asn, which is highly homologous to the terminal sequences of mammalian antithrombins, although the first 4 residues are quite different from those of mammalian species. Chicken antithrombin showed a stoichiometric inhibition against thrombin. The apparent dissociation constant (K1) for the complex was 6.4 X 10(-8) M. No immunological cross-reactivity was observed between chicken and mammalian antithrombins. Ovalbumin, which Hunt and Dayhoff (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 864-871, 1980) proposed should be grouped in the same superfamily as antithrombin, showed neither immunological cross-reactivity with antithrombin or with its carboxymethylated derivative, nor any effect on the thrombin-antithrombin interaction. Ovalbumin showed no inhibitory effect on porcine elastase, either.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1982

Deciduoma formation in rats ovariectomized at different ages.

Adult female rats which had been ovariectomized on Day 1, 5, 10 or 20 of age invariably formed deciduomata in response to uterine trauma or an intraluminal oil-instillation given after injections of estradiol-17 beta for 3 days from Day 60 onward followed by daily injections of progesterone starting 2 days later. If the magnitude of the deciduomal response was estimated by the decidual cell reaction index, the responses were larger in these rats than in the animals ovariectomized as adults. Two groups of rats ovariectomized on Days 1 and 10 were transplanted subcutaneously with one ovary on Day 10. When subjected to deciduogenic stimuli, after removal of the grafts on the first day of estrus occurring after Day 60 followed by hormonal sensitization of the endometrium, the 2 groups of rats elicited deciduomal responses approximately the same in magnitude. These findings indicate that the neonatal ovary has little effect on the development and differentiation of the rat uterus.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Therapeutic effects of tiopronin on chronic hepatitis: a double-blind clinical study.

The efficacy of tiopronin (2-mercaptopropionyl glycine) 600 mg daily in the treatment of chronic active or chronic persistent hepatitis has been assessed in a double-blind controlled clinical trial of 12 weeks involving 165 Japanese patients with histologically proven disease. Treatment with the drug was associated with a significant improvement in abnormalities of serum transaminase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, with reversion towards baseline values on stopping the drug. Improvement was independent of the histological classification of the disease, or HBsAg status. The drug was well tolerated with few side-effects. The results of this short-term study indicate that tiopronin may be of value in the treatment of chronic hepatitis.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1982

[Dynamic studies on inhaled 15N-labelled nitrogen dioxide (15NO2)].

The dynamic pathway of inhaled nitrogen dioxide was investigated in rats exposed to 15NO2 for the specified experimental period. After exposure, various organs, blood and urine were taken out, dried by lyophilization, and then digested by the semi-micro Kjeldahl method. Determination of 15N was performed by mass-spectrometry. The 15N content (atom % excess) of each sample was calculated by subtracting the natural 15N content which was separately estimated from normal rats. The 15N content was relatively high in urine, plasma and kidneys, and low in liver, trachea, heart and brain. It was concluded that the inhaled nitrogen dioxide was quickly absorbed into blood and was excreted into urine. Nitrite was detected in the plasma obtained from the rats exposed to 15NO2 at levels higher than 10 ppm, and a significant correlation was found between the concentration of nitrite and the exposure concentration of 15NO2.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the occupational maladjustment syndrome. With reference to the survey of examinations, etiological factors and treatment].

A survey of medical examinations has been made on occupational maladjustment syndrome (O.M.A.S.). We have examined and treated on 358 patients with O.M.A.S. during the past 10-15 years at two clinics; one was a company's clinic (this company has 15,000 employees) and the other was the clinic at the Dept. of Mental Health, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health during the past 15 years. Discussions have been made on 150 patients whom we directly treated. Our 358 subjects having O.M.A.S. do not include those with secondary O.M.A. resulting from psychosis, depression, neurosis and physical impairment. From that reason, our subjects are categorized in a narrow sense, in a category which may be called as "adjustment disorder." The results are summarized as follows. 1. The patients with O.M.A.S. were found almost in males and most commonly found among patients in the twenties. 2. The average rate of patients with O.M.A.S. among all the patients who visited two clinics, was 4.1% at our clinic and 16.7% at the company's clinic. 3. At our clinic, the number of patients with O.M.A.S. was followed by the number of those with neurosis, schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychotic zone. This trend was also the same at the company's clinic. 4. As the cause of O.M.A.S., we found the following occupational factors; firstly, transposition by selective promotion, secondly, complication of job-quality, and thirdly, promotion to middle management position. As to personal factors, i.e. as to characteristic individual personality we found mostly rigid and serious trait, next immaturity and egotism, and timidity and nervousness. 5. The relation between the occupational and individual factors was examined from the psychodynamic point of view. From the result, O.M.A.S. was classified into 5 groups which consisted of the core group, dropout group, special job maladjustment group, transient reaction group and others. 6. In conclusion of the above mentioned data, the authors emphasize that it is important to explain and advise by the therapists not only for patients and their families, but also for their colleagues or superiors in their working place.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1982

[Sequential changes in blood concentrations of tegafur and 5-FU during oral administration of fine granules of tegafur in patients with primary liver cancer].

Tegafur fine granule preparation orally administered to the patients with primary hepatoma and liver cirrhosis, and the concentration of tegafur and 5-fluorouracil in the blood were determined. The concentration of tegafur in blood was maintained well in the injured liver, and remained same 3 weeks after administration of tegafur fine granules. The concentration of 5-fluorouracil in the blood decreased distinctly when the dysfunction of the liver was severe (KICG less than 0.070). In the case of malignant disease with the injured liver, oral administration or tegafur might be less effective. However, the concentration of 5-fluorouracil in the blood did not decrease 3 weeks after administration of tegafur fine granules. No cases showed noticeable clinical effects by only oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of functional residual capacity and pulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity during mechanical ventilation with PEEP.

First, our new simplified method to measure FRC and DLCO simultaneously during mechanical ventilation was described in detail. Secondly, we applied the method to ARDS patients and observed the effects of PEEP on arterial blood gases (ABGs), FRC and DLCO of these patients. As reported hitherto, FRC was consistently increased by PEEP, whereas ABGs in some cases were not necessarily improved with increase in FRC. DLCO/FRC remained unchanged, although DLCO increased with PEEP. We concluded that the dissociation of FRC and ABG data in a group of patients could be caused by wasted ventilation which might be attributed to VA/Q unevenness.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of inspiratory pressure oscillation on pulmonary gas exchange and circulatory functions in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.

Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs were used to study the effects of inspiratory pressure oscillation on gas exchange. Respiratory failure was induced in dogs artificially, changing either tidal volume or ventilatory rate. Pressure oscillation of approximately 2 Hz with amplitudes of 2 to 7 cmH2O was applied on the inspiratory phase of mechanical ventilation. PaO2 and PaCO2 were improved consistently by pressure oscillation while minute ventilation was kept fixed. No significant change was observed in AaDO2, cardiac output, heart rate, ECG and both systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures under oscillated ventilation. The oscillated ventilation could be continued for more than 60 minutes without causing any significant change in circulatory function. The ratio of alveolar ventilation to minute ventilation (VA/VE) increased and that of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) decreased significantly. The oscillated ventilation while breathing He-O2 and SF6-O2 showed no consistent difference in the effects on gas exchange. It can be concluded that simple pressure oscillation improves gas mixing in the lungs and may be applied to respiratory care. However the mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗