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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohta.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Therapy and prevention of hypertension of M-SHRSP.

M-SHRSP rats appear to be a useful animal model for studying juvenile human malignant hypertension. Using M-SHRSP, the present study was conducted. Drugs selected for use were captopril, SQ 29,852 and hydralazine hydrochloride. The rats were also fed a 33% fish meal diet. When given separately, all three drugs were shown to be anti-hypertensive. However, using the fish meal diet combined with hydralazine was more effective than were any of the drugs given separately, while the effect of hydralazine combined with captopril or SQ 29,852 was even greater than that of the combined fish meal diet and hydralazine treatment. Some rats treated with captopril or SQ 29,852 separately were resistant to treatment, however even for these rats life spans were significantly prolonged and hypertensive vascular lesion incidence rates were drastically lowered. It was also found that even such vascular lesions as angionecrosis seemed to disappear with captopril or SQ 29,852 treatment.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

In vitro binding of mutagenic pyrolyzates to lactic acid bacterial cells in human gastric juice.

The binding of mutagenic pyrolyzates to freeze-dried cells of Streptococcus cremoris Z-25 was investigated in human gastric juice and compared with the ability of these pyrolyzates to bind in distilled water (pH 6.30). The pH of donated gastric juice ranged from 1.2 to 7.8. Binding that occurred in gastric juice was pH dependent, and binding was affected by NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2. Les sof Trp-P-2 was bound in gastric juice at low pH (1.2, 1.48, and 2.1) than at pH 4 to 8. The strain bound simultaneously Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, and Glu-P-1. The maximum amounts of Trp-P-2 bound to S. cremoris Z-25 were approximately 47.50 micrograms/mg of cells. Freeze-dried cells treated at 120 degrees C for 15 min or 80 degrees C for 3 h showed increased binding of Trp-P-2. However, binding decreased 10% after heating at 120 degrees C for 15 min. Cells nonthermally killed by gastric juice (pH 1.5) had the same Trp-P-2 binding capacity as viable cells. Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 13951 and Bifidobacterium bifidum IFO 14252 representation of the intestinal bacteria nonthermally killed by gastric juice also showed larger binding of Trp-P-2.

Calcium Chloride↗
PubMed1991

Binding of mutagens by fractions of the cell wall skeleton of lactic acid bacteria on mutagens.

The binding effect of cells and cell fractions, cell wall skeleton, cytoplasm, whole cells, and cell wall skeleton treated by lysozyme and alpha-amylase at 37 degrees C for 5 h, on Trp-P-1 (3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-[5H]pyrido [4,3-b]indole) and Trp-P-2 (3-amino-1-methyl-[5H]-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) were investigated. The cell and cell wall skeleton of Streptococcus cremoris Z-25 had greater binding activity, but cytoplasm and extract of cell wall skeleton did not bind Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2. When the cells or cell wall skeleton were treated with lysozyme and alpha-amylase, unbound Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 concentrations were greater than that of the untreated control. It is possible that cell walls may be involved in the binding of mutagenic pyrolyzates to lactic acid bacteria. The cell wall skeleton of S. cremoris Z-25, Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 13951, and Bifidobacterium bifidum IFO 14252 showed binding of Trp-P-1, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a:3',2'- d)imidazole, 2-amino-5-phenylpyridine, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f) quinoline, and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline. The cell wall skeleton of S. cremoris group and Streptococcus lactis also showed the binding activity with A N-nitrosodimethylamine. The binding of Trp-P-1 to cell walls was very high, and the binding of mutagenic pyrolyzates was variable with different bacterial species. The peptidoglycan complex and polysaccharides liberated from cell wall skeleton of S. cremoris Z-25 showed strong binding of Trp-P-2. Peptidoglycans has a binding effect of about 19.86 micrograms/mg; polysaccharides had a binding effect of 14 micrograms/mg.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1991

Method for in situ evaluation of superoxide production by pulmonary macrophages in the rat.

In order to investigate superoxide production by pulmonary macrophages in the rat, a route was created by ligating both the inferior and superior venae cavae and resecting the aorta after cannulation through the inferior vena cava into the right atrium of the heart. Lung perfusion was performed via this route with nitro blue tetrazolium. Although there was no formazan deposition throughout the lung, it became detectable in both alveolar and interstitial macrophages when phorbol myristate acetate was added to the perfusate. This deposition was markedly enhanced by previous injection of Corynebacterium parvum. The deposition disappeared after further addition of Cu(Lys)2, a scavenger of superoxide anions. This procedure may be useful for estimating in situ the ability of pulmonary macrophages to produce superoxide in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Symposium: Current evaluation of diagnostic methods on viral hepatitis type C and consequent clinical features].

In this symposium, the speakers have discussed the progress of the current diagnostic methods available for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis type C, and the accuracy and reproducibility at hand now, or which should be attained in the near future. Since the first appearance of ELISA (Ortho) and RIA (Dainabot) kit, the screening of infected blood with HCV from donors has been very successful. Posttransfusion hepatitis following infected blood transfusion has clearly decreased. The carrier rate of HCV in the Ehime prefecture is reported to be 1.85% in males and 1.25% in females. Diagnostic methods of the second generation such as ELISA and RIBA using C200 and C22 (core) protein as antigens yield 92.6 to 100% positive results in a diagnosis of NANB hepatitis following anti-hemophilic sera injection or hemodialysis. Detection of HCV RNA by RT-PCR procedure promised accurate diagnosis. Using such diagnostic methods, the majority of the patients with NANB chronic hepatitis were diagnosed as having CH type C. IgM anti-C 100-3 antibody was not useful for early diagnosis of patients infected with HCV, but the titer was useful for determining the therapeutic response of patients on INF therapy. The route of infection was concluded to be mostly horizontal rather than vertical (maternal-child), though a few cases were present suggestive of maternal transmission. Interferon therapy against patients with CH type C was effective in CAH 2A, but only a poor response was observed in patients with CAH 2B.

Hepacivirus↗
PubMed1991

Chronic treatment with captopril, SQ29,852, hydralazine and a 33% fish meal diet in malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (M-SHRSP) are a useful animal model for studying juvenile malignant hypertension. Using M-SHRSP males, the effects of SQ 29,852 [(S)-1-[6-amino-2-[[hydroxy (4-phenylbutyl) phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline; 30-40 mg/kg per day], captopril (30-40 mg/kg per day), hydralazine hydrochloride (10-15 mg/kg per day) and a 33% fish meal diet on the prevention and therapy of malignant hypertension were examined. Drugs and diet were given separately, beginning at weaning, maturity or adulthood. Observed effects included antihypertension, prolonged life span and prevention and/or reversal of angionecrosis. Each treatment resulted in an antihypertensive effect, but some adult rats seemed treatment-resistant. SQ 29,852 was the most effective treatment for reducing blood pressure. The life span of animals in the treated groups was extended significantly beyond that of the controls. In particular, those rats treated with either captopril or SQ 29,852 lived in excess of 500 days. This included not only those in which treatment resulted in a lowering of blood pressure, but also those whose severe hypertension was not so reduced. Angionecrosis was observed in the organs of many of the non-treated animals, including the brain, heart, kidneys and testes. Both hydralazine and the fish meal diet had a limited effect, if any, on the prevention or reversal of angionecrosis. In contrast, almost none of the rats given either captopril or SQ 29,852 showed cerebrovascular lesions or angionecrosis of the brain, heart and kidneys; angionecrosis in adult M-SHRSP kidneys disappeared within 10 or 18 days after the initiation of SQ 29,852 or captopril, respectively. This data seems to support a possible role for these two drugs not only in prevention, but also in repair, of angionecrosis independent of markedly high blood pressure in M-SHRSP. Based on our overall observations, SQ 29,852 was seen as the most effective of the treatments studied.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

O2 uptake and CO2 elimination during mechanical ventilation with high frequency oscillation.

This study was intended to elucidate gas exchange in a quasi-steady state during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) in terms of arterial blood gases, tidal volume(VT) and frequency of oscillation (f). Firstly, experiments were performed on anesthetized, paralyzed and tracheostomized dogs using a piston-type oscillator with a fresh air bias flow. The f values employed in the animal experiments were 10 to 30 Hz, and VT values were 1 to 3 ml/kg of body weight. Changes in PaO2 observed during HFO could be expressed by the equation PaO2 = 125.2-60.3/(VT X f), which closely coincided with the alveolar ventilation equation for O2, i.e., PaO2 = 125-78/, VA, Where P(A-a) O2 and O2 consumption were assumed to be 25 Torr and 90 ml/min, respectively. PaCO2 during HFO deviated from the curve of the alveolar ventilation equation, PaCO2 = constant/, VA at a higher VT x f, and was distributed along the hyperbolic curve of PaCO2 = 1/, VA + 14.7. This suggested that HFO shows a certain limitation in CO2 elimination. Secondly, indicator gas transport through straight tube models for two directions, i.e., wash-in and wash-out, were observed. Wash-in of indicator gases (He, N2 and SF6) in terms of indicator appearance time at the other end of the tube changed as a function of VT x f. The effect of increasing f at a fixed VT on the wash-in was much less than that of increasing VT at a fixed f. The heavier gas (SF6) was washed in faster than the lighter gas (He) although wash-in of each indicator gas was closely related to the function VT x f. Washout in terms of the appearance time of indicators in the opposite direction was, however, strongly dependent on VT, and the effect of increasing f at a fixed VT on wash-out reached a limit beyond a certain f. It was concluded from the present study, that both convective dispersion and augmented diffusion play important roles, although they are not clearly distinguished, as gas transport mechanisms during HFO. The difference between inspiratory and expiratory gas transport modes could be explained by differences in flow profiles, relative important of convective dispersion, and/or time required for gas mixing in the airways.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Study on usefulness of an aspirating biopsy needle (Vacu-Cut) and an automatic biopsy needle (Biopty-Cut) for renal biopsy--comparison with a Tru-Cut biopsy needle].

Our medical team conducted the percutaneous renal biopsy, using an aspirating biopsy needle (Vacu-Cut) in 101 cases, and an automatic biopsy needle (Biopty-Cut) in 82 cases. Thereafter, we examined the usefulness of the two types of needles in comparison with that of Tru-Cut used in 101 cases. The test confirmed that in the cases of Vacu-Cut, 7.6 glomeruli (p less than 0.01), on the average, existed in LM specimen; 9.0 glomeruli (ns), Biopty-Cut, and 10.7 glomeruli, Tru-Cut, respectively. However the incidence of cases containing more than 5 glomeruli was not significant statistically between Vacu-Cut/Biopty-Cut and Tru-Cut. The incidence that each type of needles obtained more than one glomerulus in IF specimen was as follows: 73.3%, Vacu-Cut (p less than 0.05), 81.7%, Biopty-Cut (ns), 87.1%, Tru-Cut, respectively. As for in EM specimen, 61.4%, Vacu-Cut (ns), 67.1%, Biopty-Cut (ns), and 70.3%, Tru-Cut, respectively. As for complications, in the cases of Vacu-Cut and Biopty-Cut, gross hematuria and post-biopsy pain occurred in 6.9 to 9.8% (p less than 0.01- p less than 0.05), whereas in Tru-Cut, they occurred in 20.7 to 24.8%. As for blood pressure lowering (less than 90 mmHg) and anemia (the cases in which blood transfusion was required), 0%, Vacu-Cut and Biopty-Cut, 2 to 3%, Tru-Cut, respectively. As for fever, Vacu-Cut 0%, Vacu-Cut (p less than 0.01), 3.7%, Biopty-Cut (ns), and 7.9%, Tru-Cut, respectively. The above findings lead to conclusion that both Vacu-Cut and Biopty-Cut are useful instruments for renal biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The inhibitory effect of gamma-glutamylcysteinylethyl ester (gamma-GCE) instillation on experimental diabetic cataract formation in rats].

The effect of the instillation of gamma-glutamylcysteinylethyl ester (gamma-GCE), which has been reported to function as a precursor of glutathione, on cataract formation was examined in rats in which diabetes had been induced by Streptozotocin (STZ). Three days after i.p. treatment with 50 mg/kg body weight of STZ, male Wistar rats aged 6 weeks received instillations of gamma-GCE in solution or liposomes prepared with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) for a period of 9 weeks. Cataract formation and development were observed by use of a cataract camera every week. After 9 weeks' observation, the lenses were enucleated and the content of the lens GSH was measured. Instillation of gamma-GCE in solution or liposomes to STZ-diabetic rats not only inhibited cataract formation but also kept lens GSH level almost at the control level. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the instillation of gamma-GCE in liposome was stronger than that of gamma-GCE in solution. The present results indicate that the administration of gamma-GCE in solution or in liposomes inhibits diabetic cataract formation, possibly by preventing lens GSH depletion.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Usefulness of pulsed Doppler ultrasound in detection of angiographically evident recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after arterial embolization treatment.

Because hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial embolization often regains its size, routine follow-up is necessary. The usefulness of pulsed Doppler ultrasound for detection of this type of recurrence was compared with ultrasonography and computed tomography in 21 such hepatocellular carcinomas. Of 15 hepatocellular carcinomas diagnosed by angiography as showing recurrence, four were detected with ultrasonography and five were detected with computed tomography. Doppler signals were obtained in the peripheral portions corresponding to tumor vessels or stains on angiograms in 14 of these 15 hepatocellular carcinomas, but they were undetectable in six hepatocellular carcinomas with no recurrence. All signals disappeared after transcatheter arterial embolization. One false-negative hepatocellular carcinoma with pulsed Doppler ultrasound showed faint tumor stains on angiograms; these were also negative on ultrasonography and computed tomography. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound may be superior to ultrasonography and computed tomography as a routine procedure to detect the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial embolization.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Development of a computer-aided surgery system: three-dimensional graphic reconstruction for treatment of liver cancer.

Simulation of the needle puncture and volume estimation for the tumors in the liver were carried out with the three-dimensional image reconstruction system, which consists of a medical image acquisition system, a data processing system, and a graphic display. A set of sliced-image data from a computerized tomography and/or a magnetic resonance imaging was used to reconstruct the liver, the vessels, and the tumors of the patients with liver cancer. A good agreement of anatomic locations of both the intrahepatic vessels and the tumors between the reconstructed liver model and the echography done intraoperatively was observed. Surgical simulations with these graphic models clearly indicated safety areas for needle puncture in the laser coagulation therapy. In addition liver volumes were calculated within 3% of error in comparison to the measured values. These results indicate that the computer-aided surgery system is a highly promising method that avoids cumbersome stereoscopic recognition of the anatomical location of the diseased area and the vessels, before and after surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[An epidemiological study of hepatitis C virus infection in a local district in Japan].

Mass screening of anti-HCV in Iyo city, Japan was performed. Sera from 136 subjects were tested for anti-HCV by ELISA (Ortho Diagnostic Inc.). Anti-HCV was positive in 13 subjects (9.6%). The familial study for anti-HCV revealed 2 persons positive for anti-HCV in 2 families each, while only 1 person was positive in each of the 8 other families. Two females were positive for both anti-HCV and HBsAg, and all of their 3 children were negative for anti-HCV and positive for HBsAg. Positive rate of anti-HCV was higher in subjects who had a history of blood transfusion or "Chinese acupuncture" than that in those who did not. These results indicate that not only blood transfusion but also "Chinese acupuncture" and intrafamilial transmission are possible routes of HCV infection. The rate of vertical transmission of HCV is definitely lower than that of HBV.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[5-year follow-up study of brain function in the healthy aged--study of the relationship between environmental factors and results of psychiatric examinations].

In order to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and results of psychiatric examinations, a questionnaire survey studying these factors and neurophysiological examinations (electroncephalography (EEG), somatosensory evoked response (SER) and contingent negative variation (CNV)), as well as clinical neuropsychiatric examinations and intelligence scale (Hasegawa's dementia rating scale (HDRS) and Kohs's blocking design test (KBDT)), were performed on 41 healthy aged (61-80 years old) who were participants in programs of Osaka Prefectural Center for the elderly. Initial examinations were conducted in 1983 and the second in 1988 on the same subjects for the purpose of measuring the aging process over 5 years with regard to brain function. A total of 29 subjects, for a participation rate of 82.9% (excluding deceased and those who moved away from the area), attended the second examination. The results are summarized as follows. 1. When environmental factors were compared for 1983 and 1988, a reduction in participation in social activity was observed in some of the aged in 1988, although differences in their daily living situations were unchanged. 2. The mean scores of HDRS and KBDT were 31.9, 98.6 in 1983 and 30.2, 94.6 in 1988 respectively, with only 2 subjects showing considerable decline of intelligence. 3. With regard to the neurophysiological examinations, the number of subjects with peak latencies of SER that were abnormally prolonged increased in 1988, while there was little difference in their EEGs between 1983 and 1988. 4. From these results, it appears that the relation between declines in brain function and environmental factors, involves multiple factors that will require further study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Successful surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (supracardiac Ib type) showing an unusual shape of the pulmonary veins in an infant].

An experience of a 9-month-old infant with Darling's type Ib of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is presented. In this case, the left pulmonary vein traveled horizontally behind the atrium, entered the right thoracic cavity and drained into the SVC together with the right lower, middle and upper pulmonary veins. The patient was treated with repair using Gersony-Malm's method and plasty of SVC because of the stenosis of the common pulmonary vein's entrance to the SVC. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and the result was satisfactory. To our knowledge, our case is the first successful correction not associated with other complex cardiac anomalies in the world.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[A case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: demonstration of CA19-9 and CEA positive malignant cells in the CSF and particular elevation of CA19-9 level in the CSF].

A 44-year-old male was admitted for diplopia, headache and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed the meningeal irritation sign, the Vth, VII, VIth, IXth and the Xth nerve palsies and cerebellar ataxia of all four limbs. Laboratory studies carried out on the day of admission demonstrated the elevation of serum levels of both tumor markers, carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The estimated serum concentrations of CA19-9 and CEA were 39.4 U/ml and 81.1 ng/ml, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained 9 cells/mm3 which consisted of the mixture of malignant cells with appearance strongly suggestive of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and of hemosiderinphagocytizing macrophages. Detection of both CA19-9 and CEA in the tumor cells in the CSF was undertaken by the avidin biotinylated peroxidase complex method by use of monoclonal antibodies against each marker. As the results the following findings were obtained. Namely, although all the tumor cells isolated from the CSF were found to contain both tumor markers, CA19-9 and CEA, there was found a difference in the concentration ratio in CSF vs serum between the markers. The estimated concentration of CA19-9 (61.4 U/ml) in CSF was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in serum. On the other hand, the CSF concentration of CEA remained constantly very low (1.1 ng/ml) as compared with that in the serum throughout the whole course of the disease. In response to intrathecal administration of cytarabine and brain irradiation, the CSF cytological findings became normal and concomitant decrease in the concentration of CA19-9 was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[An evaluation of excisional biopsy for tongue carcinoma].

An evaluation of excisional biopsy for tongue carcinoma (T1, T2) as a surgical treatment was performed. Forty-seven patients who received excisional biopsy among 394 patients with tongue carcinoma (T1, T2) treated in National Cancer Center Hospital during 24 years were examined. These patients were divided into following three groups: group a) patients treated with excisional biopsy only, group b) those treated with excisional biopsy and cryosurgery, group c) those treated with excisional biopsy and radiotherapy. We examined local control rate of these groups, degree of differentiation in histopathological examination, and median cancer free surgical margin. From these we obtained following results: 1) There was no significance in local control rate among these three groups (group a 77%, group b 84%, group c 45%) 2) There were no local recurrences in the patients with cancer free margin of 5 mm or more except when the histopathology showed perineural invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion, and/or deep invasion to the muscle. 3) Even if we had cancer positive surgical margin with excisional biopsy, we could obtain high local control rate (75%) with additional cryosurgery. We conclude that excisional biopsy for tongue carcinoma (T1, T2) is a good method for primary therapy.

Adult↗