Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohta.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical localization of progesterone receptor in the reproductive tract of adult female rats.

The distribution of the progesterone receptor (PR) was investigated immunocytochemically in female reproductive tracts of rats during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy through use of an anti-PR monoclonal antibody. PR was localized predominantly in the nuclei of epithelial, stromal, and muscle cells in the uterus and vagina during the estrous cycle. In the uterus, the nuclei of epithelial cells were stained intensively at diestrus, while the PR staining of the stromal cells was more intense at proestrus than at any other stage of the cycle. PR expression during the cycle in muscle cells of the myometrium was similar to that in the endometrial stromal cells. In the vagina, however, PR expression during the cycle was approximately the same among epithelial, stromal, and muscle cells, the nuclei of which were stained deeply at proestrus. Ovariectomy at various stages of the cycle altered the PR expression appearing in the uterus and vagina during the cycle. In ovariectomized rats, estrogen increased the PR immunoreaction of various types of cells examined in the uterus and vagina except for the uterine epithelial cells. The reaction of these uterine epithelial cells was decreased by estrogen but was increased by progesterone given after estrogen; however, progesterone given alone reduced the reaction. In the epithelial and stromal cells of the uterus, intensity of the staining was increased after mating, reaching maximum on Day 3 of pregnancy, and then decreased on Day 4 (day of implantation), while in epithelial and stromal cells of the vagina the staining remained weak during early pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Mental and physical health of middle-aged and elderly women and psychosocial factors.

Middle-aged and elderly women with no specific disabilities in their daily life were divided into two groups: those visiting clinics with mild physical symptoms and those not visiting clinics. Those visiting clinics showed significantly lower mental and physical health indices, but satisfaction and emotional support were similar. Although those visiting clinics had significantly more stressful events, no differences were seen in ways they were dealt with. For those not visiting clinics, mental and physical health indices were better in their 60s than in their 50s and got worse again in their 70s, while for those visiting clinics indices were consistently low. Somatic symptoms in the women visiting clinics could be somatic reactions to their life situation from their 50s to their 60s.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Glycosphingolipids of human peripheral nervous system myelins isolated from cauda equina.

Compositions of neutral and sulfated glucuronyl glycosphingolipids purified from human motor and sensory nerves and myelins were studied. Higher neutral glycosphingolipids (fraction B), which were separated from GalCer (fraction A), were analyzed by TLC and TLC-immunostaining. Both nerve myelins contained paragloboside (nLc4Cer) and nLc6Cer dominantly as major higher glycosphingolipids and very little globoside (Gb4Cer), whereas both nerves contained Gb4Cer and nLc4Cer. Besides these major glycosphingolipids, a neutral glycolipid containing asialoGM1 (Gg4Cer) epitope and other minor components such as ceramide trihexoside and ceramide dihexoside were detected in both nerves and their myelins. Furthermore, sulfated glucuronyl nLc4Cer and nLc6Cer, which were monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reactive glycolipids, were detected in both nerves and myelins.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1993

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on the hepatocyte membrane of patients with chronic hepatitis B and C.

The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the hepatocyte membrane was studied in 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C (CHB, CHC) by immunostaining using a monoclonal antibody. ICAM-1 was expressed focally in a honeycomb-like pattern by hepatocytes in livers of 26/27 patients. The degree of ICAM-1 expression was closely related to the ALT level and the histological grade of liver damage. Abundant cytotoxic T cells (CD8+, CD11b-) were found in ICAM-1-positive areas of the liver. Zones of focal necrosis contained both ICAM-1-positive hepatocytes and cytotoxic T cells. The expression of ICAM-1 was decreased in 4/6 CHB patients after interferon-alpha therapy. No relationship between the degree of hepatocyte ICAM-1 expression and viral replication markers (DNA polymerase activity and the presence of HBcA in the liver) was observed in patients with CHB. In addition, no positive correlation was found between the distribution of ICAM-1-positive hepatocytes and HBcAg-positive hepatocytes. These results suggest that ICAM-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury mediated by cytotoxic T cells in CHB and CHC.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat prevent absorption of the mutagen-carcinogen 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole.

The extent to which lactic acid bacteria, intestinal bacteria, and yeast from the gastrointestinal tract of rats suppress the absorption of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) was investigated. Trp-P-1 was absorbed from the small intestine very rapidly, but in the stomach it was slowly absorbed, requiring 1 or 2 h after administration. When mixtures of Trp-P-1 and freeze-dried microorganisms were administered to rats for 1 h, the amounts of Trp-P-1 absorbed from the small intestine were significantly reduced, and the levels of Trp-P-1 in blood decreased by 40.4-64.7% compared with a control in which only Trp-P-1 was administered. There were no significant differences between the organisms used. In vitro, freeze-dried cells of the strains tested bound 51-97% of Trp-P-1. The Trp-P-1 bound to cells was effectively extracted by aqueous methanol, ethanol, ammonia (50 g/L), and solutions of MgCl2 and CaCl2 (100 mM/mL), but little was extracted by water and solutions of KCl, NaCl, and buffers at various pH values.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Malignant tracheobronchial obstructive lesions: treatment with Gianturco expandable metallic stents.

Gianturco expandable metallic stents were placed in 14 patients with 19 malignant lesions who had tracheobronchial stenosis and/or obstruction together with dyspnea. In all 14 patients, stenotic and/or obstructive changes disappeared immediately after the procedure, and the dyspnea improved. Lumina at the sites of tracheal lesions expanded from a mean of 3.9 mm in diameter before stent placement to a mean of 13.9 mm after stent placement. Lumina at the sites of bronchial lesions expanded from a mean of 2.1 mm to a mean of 10.3 mm. Lumina at the sites of lesions caused by extrinsic compression expanded to a mean of 89.7% of normal, while lumina at the sites of lesions caused by intraluminal tumor growth expanded to a mean of 63.2% of normal. There was improvement of at least one grade of the Hugh-Jones classification in 12 patients. Ten of the patients died; in two of these patients, restenosis developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Centrally driven slow oscillating potential of extrathoracic trachea.

Spontaneous electrical activity of extrathoracic trachea was recorded along with force developed by tracheal smooth muscle and phrenic nerve activity in decerebrated, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated dogs with pneumothorax. The tracheal electrical activity exhibited slow oscillating potentials that were coupled with spontaneous phasic contraction of trachea. Both rhythmic changes were synchronous with central respiratory rhythm represented by phrenic burst, independent of the respirator's rhythm. The dominant component of the slow oscillating potentials consisted of sinusoidal waves with large amplitude that occurred shortly after cessation of phrenic burst, i.e., in the postinspiratory phase. The concomitant small change in the slow oscillating potentials began in the late inspiratory phase just before the initiation of the tracheal contraction. This phase relationship was preserved after removal of intrathoracic vagal afferents from lungs. Such slow oscillating potentials were also observed during lung collapse produced by disconnecting the tube attached to the respirator. Transection of recurrent laryngeal nerves abolished the slow oscillating potentials. These results indicate that the slow oscillating potentials of the extrathoracic trachea are generated by a physiological process associated with the central respiratory rhythm. The dominant component of the slow oscillating potentials occurs in the postinspiratory phase.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1993

Changes in diaphragmatic EMG activity during sleep in space.

It remains unknown how increased upper airway resistance (UAR) during sleep could be a function of gravity. We therefore conducted quantitative evaluation of the gravitational influence on diaphragmatic EMG activity (EMGdi) in an astronaut to estimate the effect of UAR in space. EMGdi was recorded by paired surface electrodes on the ground (control, C) and abroad a short-term space mission (space, S) for 30 consecutive h. Mean EMGdi recorded during quiet breathing in wakefulness was assigned the value of 100. EMGdi in C was significantly enhanced in all sleep stages compared with that while awake in the supine position (mean +/- SD, 230 +/- 23.2% in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) Stage II, 233 +/- 13.8 in slow-wave sleep, and 233 +/- 40.0 in REM sleep versus 100 +/- 17.3 in wakefulness, p < 0.001). In contrast, there was no statistical difference in EMGdi in S between awake and any non-REM sleep stage (mean +/- SD, 100 +/- 20.5% in wakefulness versus 103 +/- 16.9 in non-REM Stage II and 100 +/- 14.8 in slow-wave sleep; NS). However, EMGdi in REM sleep in S was statistically greater (132 +/- 28.3%) than that during wakefulness or any other sleep stage in space (p < 0.001). Therefore, gravity may play a much more significant role in the normal healthy human in the increased upper airway resistance during sleep than the relative atonia of the upper airway muscles.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Identification of metastatic carcinoma in the thyroid by determination of thyroglobulin level in aspirates and ultrasonic findings.

A 49-year-old female with a metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid is presented. The thyroglobulin (Tg) level in tumor aspirates of this patient was 37.3 micrograms/l, while that of 49 patients with primary thyroid nodules ranged from 2.0 x 10(3) to 7.5 x 10(8) micrograms/l. Ultrasonogram of the thyroid demonstrated a well-demarcated oval nodule with a cystic region, the solid part of which was hypoechoic and homogeneous. However, similar ultrasonic findings were observed in only 1.1% of 1,054 patients with primary thyroid nodules. Determination of Tg in tumor aspirates and ultrasonography of the thyroid may contribute to the differentiation of metastatic thyroid nodules from primary thyroid nodules.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

Alcoholic hypertriglyceridemia with decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase.

A 35-year-old male with alcoholic hypertriglyceridemia due to decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activities is reported. The patient had been drinking about 180 ml of whiskey (equivalent to 80 g of 100% ethanol) every day for the last 17 years, and the highest levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol were 5,120 mg/dl and 506 mg/dl, respectively. Serum TG level returned to normal levels after complete alcohol abstinence. Further intake of ethanol resulted in an increase in serum TG to 326 mg/dl with a concomitant decrease in the serum levels of LPL and HTGL activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia evaluated with high-resolution computed tomography.

We describe two cases of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) presenting with high fever and hypoxia of acute onset with bilateral interstitial infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. Diagnosis was confirmed in each case by bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy in which the pathologic process was limited to the lung interstitium. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax at the height of the disease process revealed peripheral ground-glass opacities along the bronchovascular bundles. Symptoms and radiologic abnormalities resolved spontaneously within two weeks. The HRCT-findings may reflect the pathologic process in AEP and the ground-glass opacities likely indicate spontaneous resolution without corticosteroid therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Lateral temporal polar approach to mesial temporal lesions.

A newly developed lateral temporal polar surgical approach to the mesiobasal temporal region was applied to 25 consecutive patients with mesially confined temporal lobe lesions. This approach is characterized by a very limited resection of the lateral temporal cortex and a direct approach to the uncal area. The advantages of this method are clear orientation to the mesial temporal structures, easy access to the posteromesial part of the temporal lobe, and preservation of functionally important structures, such as the lateral temporal speech area, optic radiation, and temporal stem. Details of the surgical procedure are described.

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe↗
PubMed1993

Gross total removal of adult brainstem glioma--two case reports.

Two adult patients with brainstem glioma were successfully treated surgically. A 37-year-old male had a dorsally exophytic pontine glioma developing from the fourth ventricular fundus, and another 27-year-old male an intrinsic nodular mesencephalic glioma. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging clearly visualized the tumor margin in both cases, and showed the relationship between the tumor and brainstem structure accurately. The tumors were radically excised using intraoperative evoked potential monitoring, ultrasonic surgical aspirator, and microsurgical techniques. Surgery is indicated when the tumor margin in the brainstem and adjacent region is clear, and the approach is possible without affecting the functional prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the pharyngeal airway in patients with sleep apnea: value of ultrafast MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Sleep apnea is often caused by obstruction of the pharyngeal airway. The goal of this study was to use ultrafast MR imaging to examine the pharyngeal airway in patients with sleep apnea and to evaluate the usefulness of this technique for localizing the site of obstruction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with sleep apnea and five healthy volunteers underwent ultrafast MR imaging while awake and during sleep induced with hydroxyzine hydrochloride. Sequential midline sagittal images of the pharynx were obtained and displayed in the cine mode. RESULTS: Patients with sleep apnea were found to have sites of pharyngeal abnormality that were not present in healthy volunteers. Nine sites of narrowing in seven patients (47%) were detected with the patient awake; 21 sites of obstruction in 13 patients (87%) were diagnosed with the patient asleep. Six patients showed only one obstruction, and seven had several obstructions: five had obstructions at the velum palatinum and at the oropharynx; one had obstructions at the velum palatinum, oropharynx, and hypopharynx; one had obstructions at the velum palatinum and the hypopharynx. The sites of narrowing during wakefulness and the sites of obstruction during sleep were the same in only four (31%) of the patients with pharyngeal airway obstruction. CONCLUSION: Ultrafast MR imaging is useful for localizing the sites of pharyngeal airway obstruction in patients with sleep apnea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Development and histology of fibrous architecture of the fetal temporomandibular joint.

The developmental history of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was investigated in 10 fetuses of 4 to 10 months of gestational age. The S-type structure of the disc is formed by the following bases: 1) the flat upper and concave lower surfaces of the disc; 2) thinner intermediate zone and thicker anterior and posterior bands; 3) the projection of the articular tuberculum and superoposterior growth of the condyle. The posterolateral part of the disc was the thickest and the corresponding part of the fossa was the deepest. The condyle was originally positioned beneath the part of disc that was considered the main force-bearing area. The distribution and arrangement of elastic and collagen fibers in the disc was proportional to disc function. Gross elastic fibers in the posterolateral part of the posterior band were connected with the upper head of the pterygoideus lateralis muscle fibers running medioanteriorly. They were indicated to be antagonistic with each other. At 4 months of gestational age, a few elastic fibers appeared in the bilaminar region and began to form bundles as the fetus grew. At full-term dense elastic fibers were found in the upper stratum of the bilaminar region.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1993

Ability of hydroxyapatite-bone morphogenetic (corrected from morphologenetic) protein (BMP) complex to induce dentin formation in dogs.

This histological investigation examined the formation and differentiation of pulp cells under the influence of HAP/BMP complex. HAP/BMP complex was implanted in exposed pulp of the mandibular premolars and alveolar bone defect in the dog. Sequential changes in these areas were examined mainly under a light microscope and partly under a scanning electron microscope. Two weeks after the operation, fibroblast-like cells proliferated right beneath the implanted complex, and after 3 weeks, dentin including dentin tubules grew in the pulp. After four weeks a dentin bridge composed of osteoid dentin was found, and after 8 weeks this dentin calcified and covered the defective surface of the root and adhered to new bone surrounding the HAP granules. The results indicated that the dentin induced by HAP/BMP complex may be of two types: tubular dentin and osteodentin. This complex exhibited outstanding ability to induce dentinogenesis and osteogenesis.

Animals↗