Cardiac output and regional blood flow measurement with nonradioactive microspheres by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in rats.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ohta
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohta.
Prospective and randomized controlled study of chemoembolization therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cooperative Study Group for Liver Cancer Treatment in Shikoku area.
The Cooperative Study Group conducted a study to assess the therapeutic effects of chemoembolization in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using either epirubicin hydrochloride (FARM) or doxorubicin hydrochloride (ADR). A total of 77 patients were enrolled in this study and randomized into 2 groups: 39 patients were treated with a FARM solution as the material for Lipiodol-transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE; FARM group), and 38 patients were treated with an ADR solution as the material for L-TAE (ADR group). For the FARM group, the 1-year survival rate was 69.9% and the 2-year survival rate was 44.5%. For the ADR group, the corresponding survival rates were 74.7% and 44.0%. The differences among the above figures were not statistically significant. As side effects, fever, nausea, and generalized fatigue occurred at almost the same frequencies in the two groups. Changes detected in the liver function and the peripheral blood cell count in both groups were not severe. There was no significant difference between the toxic effects observed in the two groups. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the FARM and ADR groups.
Adult↗
Repeated arterial infusion chemotherapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma using an implantable drug delivery system.
Arterial infusion chemotherapy has become one of the major treatments for malignant tumors. Since 1988, we have attempted repeated arterial infusion of anticancer drugs using an implantable drug delivery system in 68 patients who had inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of our patients could not undergo transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) because of extreme tumor extension and/or accompanying advanced liver cirrhosis. In most patients we implanted a 5-F catheter via the femoral artery nonsurgically and connected it to a subcutaneously implanted drug delivery system without any difficulty. The treatment consisted of weekly or biweekly intrahepatic one-shot administration of anticancer drugs. As one therapeutic regimen, epirubicin was given alone. Other regimens consisted of combined chemotherapy using two or more of the following drugs: mitomycin C. Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and epirubicin. In some cases, these drugs mixed with Lipiodol were given for targeting and slow release in the liver. The response rate (CR+PR) of the cases was 25.0%. The median survival period was 389.9 days. The 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates were 75%, 45%, and 17%, respectively. There was no severe side effect or complication except arterial occlusion that precluded further infusion chemotherapy. We think that the implantable drug delivery system will contribute not only to improved therapeutic efficacy for inoperable HCC but also to an improved quality of life for the patients.
Adult↗
Distribution of pulmonary blood flow in conscious resting rats.
The pattern of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) distribution was determined in the rat, in which lung gravitational forces are minimal. Microspheres were infused into the inferior vena cava of 15 conscious, and 5 anesthetized rats. Relative scatter of specific PBF [(sample activity/sample weight)/(total activity/total weight)] in 28 lung samples was calculated. In 5 of the conscious rats, consecutive determinations were made 30 min apart. In 5 anesthetized rats, PBF was determined in prone and supine positions. Relative scatter of specific PBF varied from 0.84 to 1.12, with PBF being distributed preferentially to the hilar, central regions. There was a high correlation between consecutive measurements: y = 0.88 x +0.11 (n = 140, r = 0.92). By changing from prone to supine position, PBF to the topmost regions increased, and that to the lowermost regions decreased, by only 3 percent. The results indicate that in the conscious resting rat, PBF has a small but significant preferential distribution to the hilar, central regions, with lower blood flow to the peripheral regions of the lung.
Animals↗
Detection of the human cytomegalovirus gene in placental chronic villitis by polymerase chain reaction.
Placental chronic villitis was observed in 44 cases (2.12%) of 2,073 histologically examined placentas. Infiltrating lymphocytes in chronic villitis were determined by immunohistochemistry to be predominantly helper/inducer T cells. Detection of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) gene was performed on paraffin-embedded sections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two different primers (CMV immediate early gene and CMV late antigen gp 64). Both CMV immediate early gene and late antigen gp 64 gene were detected in one case. Cytomegalovirus late antigen gp 64 gene was observed in only three cases. Among these four cases, the cytomegalic inclusion body was observed only in a single case with light microscopic examination. In two cases generalized CMV infection was manifested during the early infantile period and the patient died of the disease. The other two cases were asymptomatic. Our data suggest that approximately 9% of the cases of chronic villitis are caused by CMV infection, and most of them are difficult to detect morphologically. Detection of CMV gene by PCR using primers, especially late antigen gp 64 gene, is very useful for assessing the cause of placental chronic villitis.
Antigens, Viral↗
Vasoinhibitory effects of NC 1005 and NC 1006, new synthesized antiarrhythmic agents, in isolated rat aorta.
1. NC 1005 and NC 1006 (3 x 10(-6) M-10(-4) M) inhibited the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE) and KCl in isolated rat aortas with or without endothelium. 2. In a Ca(2+)-free medium containing EGTA and nifedipine, NC 1005 and NC 1006 inhibited PE-response and a subsequent response to Ca2+ in the presence of PE. 3. NC 1005 and NC 1006 also caused relaxations of endothelium-removed aortas precontracted with PE. 4. The relaxations induced by NC 1005 and NC 1006 were potentiated by amiloride, zaprinast and theophylline but not by increasing the external Na+ concentration. 5. Methylene blue and ouabain slightly potentiated NC 1005-relaxation, but not NC 1006-relaxation. 6. Glyburide, apamine and nifedipine had no effect on the relaxations. 7. NC 1005 and NC 1006 potentiated the relaxation induced by nitroglycerin (NG) without affecting isoproterenol-relaxation. 8. In the presence of forskolin, NC 1005 and NC 1006 failed to potentiate NG-relaxation. 9. These results suggest that the vasoinhibitory effects of NC 1005 and NC 1006 may be due to an increase in the level of cAMP.
Aniline Compounds↗
Tissue characterization of pneumonia and irradiated rat lungs with magnetic resonance relaxation times.
To interpret the MRI signal intensities, the T1 and T2 values were determined in vitro for rat lungs with radiation pneumonitis, fibrosis or pneumonia, and also for muscle and fat tissues. The transverse magnetization decays mentioned above exhibited two components, a T2 fast (T2f) and a T2 slow (T2s) component. Lungs from rats with pneumonia had significantly longer T2f and T2s values than lungs from rats with radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis. The T2f and T2s values for a "pneumonia lung" were not significantly different from those of muscle. The measured values of T2f and T2s suggested that radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis likely exhibit lower signal intensities than do muscle and that a "pneumonia lung" likely exhibits a similar signal intensity to that of muscle on T2-weighted MR images.
Animals↗
Effect of antiandrogen treatment on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
We studied the effect of antiandrogen treatment on the Solt-Farber model of hepatocarcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The size and number of the liver tumors were reduced by various antiandrogen treatments (orchiectomy, an LH-RH analog, and chlormadinone acetate). In addition, the proportion of poorly differentiated carcinomas was decreased by the antiandrogen treatment, while that of well-differentiated trabecular or glandular carcinomas was increased. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of the tumor cells was significantly decreased after the antiandrogen treatment. The expression of rat androgen receptor mRNA in carcinoma tissue was increased when compared to control liver tissue, and was decreased after the antiandrogen treatment. Orchiectomy had the greatest inhibitory effect on carcinoma, although the effect of chemical orchiectomy using an LH-RH analog was almost similar to that of orchiectomy. These results suggest that the clinical application of antiandrogen therapy for human hepatocellular carcinoma might be possible in the future.
Androgen Antagonists↗
Hypometabolism and dipole localization in hemimegalencephaly: a case report.
A case of hemimegalencephaly was studied by means of neuroimaging (CT, MRI and PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Hemimegalencephaly (HM) is a neuronal migration disorder. This is the first report of evaluation of HM with the use of PET and MEG from not only the morphological but also the functional point of view. PET with 11C-glucose showed a low radioactive concentration in the affected hemisphere, which suggested a metabolic deficit. MEG proved the epileptic foci existed mainly in the affected hemisphere, especially around a heterotopia and the pachygyric cortex, which was disclosed on MRI.
Brain↗
Effect of hypothermia on the in vitro potencies of neuromuscular blocking agents and on their antagonism by neostigmine.
The effect of temperature on the potencies of neuromuscular blocking agents remains unclear. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of different neuromuscular blocking agents at 37 and 27 degrees C at a constant carbon dioxide content (alpha stat principle). The effect of neostigmine 1 mumol litre-1 induced antagonism of these agents was also investigated. Phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations of rats were mounted in modified Krebs solution, maintained at 37 degrees C and aerated with a 5% carbon dioxide-95% oxygen gas mixture, and at 27 degrees C with 4% carbon dioxide to maintain the carbon dioxide content of the solution constant. Phrenic nerves were stimulated with 0.1-Hz supra-maximal impulses of 0.2-ms duration and the elicited tension of the diaphragm recorded. The potencies of the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents (rocuronium, vecuronium, pancuronium and pipecuronium) increased significantly at 27 degrees C (P < 0.05), while the potencies of the benzylisoquinolinium agents (tubocurarine and dimethyltubocurarine) did not change. Neostigmine-induced antagonism of the steroidal agents did not differ significantly between each other but differed significantly from the benzylisoquinolinium agents (P < 0.05) at both temperatures. The ratios of IC50 (inhibitory concentration, 50%) with and without neostigmine at hypothermia were slightly higher for the steroidal agents, indicating slight enhancement of antagonism by neostigmine at 27 degrees C. In contrast, the ratios were significantly greater at 27 degrees C (P < 0.05) for isoquinolinium agents, implying significant enhancement of antagonism. Our results indicate that at 27 degrees C the potency of all steroidal agents increased and neostigmine-induced antagonism was slightly enhanced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Evaluation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a typical oxidative DNA damage, in human leukocytes.
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a typical form of oxidative DNA damage which causes mutation in vitro and in vivo. We investigated potential factors confounding 8-OHdG determination and, based on the results, then determined the 8-OHdG levels in human peripheral blood leukocytes. 8-OHdG was detected electrochemically after extraction of DNA from the cells without the use of phenol by a DNA extractor under helium. In the preliminary experiments, the mononuclear leukocytes (MN) in blood samples obtained from 19 laboratory workers and students were separated from the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with Mono-Poly resolving medium. The 8-OHdG in the MN (1.157 +/- 0.414 molecules per 10(5) deoxyguanosine) did not differ significantly from that in PMN (1.131 +/- 0.418). The effect of red blood cells (RBC) on 8-OHdG formation during DNA extraction was then examined by adding RBC to the human lymphoblastoid cell line FA72. Addition of RBC at ratios of up to 4 RBC per FA72 cell did not increase 8-OHdG levels, while addition at a RBC/FA72 cell ratio of 20 increased the 8-OHdG level 1.43-fold over that without RBC. The potential effect of histidine, a scavenger of both hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, on reduction of artificial 8-OHdG formation during DNA extraction was examined during DNA extraction in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60. Addition of His decreased the 8-OHdG level dose-dependently (30% reduction at 30 mM His concentration). Based on these results, we determined the 8-OHdG levels in human leukocyte samples obtained from 79 healthy male factory workers aged 24-59 years. The leukocyte fraction containing both MN and PMN was separated from RBC with Mono-Poly resolving medium and DNA was extracted from the leukocytes in the presence of 30 mM His. The mean 8-OHdG level in these samples was 1.072 +/- 0.230. To evaluate the reliability of the assay, FA72 was used as a standard sample in all assay determinations and the 8-OHdG levels of both the leukocyte samples and the FA72 sample(s) were measured in each determination. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated to be 14.4% (n = 14) and 3.9-13.5% (n = 3-5 per assay) respectively. The 8-OHdG level was measured twice in 19 leukocyte samples; the value at the first determination was not correlated with that at the second determination. The range of 8-OHdG levels in the samples was relatively small compared with the CV of the assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
TXK, a novel human tyrosine kinase expressed in T cells shares sequence identity with Tec family kinases and maps to 4p12.
A gene for a novel, putative cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, TXK has been isolated from a human peripheral blood cDNA library. The complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA indicates that it is related most closely to EMT, a tyrosine kinase of T cells and to the B-cell tyrosine kinase Btk, which is mutated in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency disease (XID) in mouse. TXK, like BTK, is a member of the Tec sub-family of Src-type (non-receptor) tyrosine kinases. Like similar Tec sub-family members, and unlike the other Src kinases, TXK lacks both the N-terminal myristylation signal and the C-terminal regulatory tyrosine. TXK expression is detected primarily in T cells and some myeloid cell lines but not in a number of other cell types. TXK shares 60% amino acid homology with EMT and 57% with BTK over the SH3, SH2 (Src-homology) and catalytic domains but unlike BTK, EMT and tec, it lacks Gap 1 homology and steroid hormone receptor homology in the N-terminal region. Genomic clones containing TXK have been isolated and hybridize to chromosome position 4p12.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The potential use of I-123 IMP scintigraphy for pelvic bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma. A comparison with Ga-67 scintigraphy.
Conventional bone scintigraphy is often inconclusive in detecting bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting the necessity of alternative scintigraphic agents. In this study, the diagnostic value of I-123 IMP scintigraphy was evaluated in 8 patients with 12 pelvic bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma, then compared with Ga-67 scintigraphy. Eleven of 12 lesions (91.7%) were detected by I-123 IMP scintigraphy; Ga-67 scintigraphy visualized 8 lesions (66.7%) in the same patient population. I-123 IMP scintigraphy is useful for detecting pelvic bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma with less physiologic accumulation in the intestine as compared with Ga-67 scintigraphy.
Aged↗
In situ expression of interleukin-6 in psoriatic epidermis during treatment.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multipotential cytokine which may act as a growth factor for keratinocytes. The epidermal hyperplasia of psoriasis may be explained in part by an overproduction of this cytokine. We have previously shown by in situ hybridization that IL-6 mRNA is most strongly expressed in the peripheral lesion of an advancing psoriatic plaque. In the present study, we investigated whether there were differences between the expression of IL-6 in untreated psoriatic epidermis and the lesion during the course of clinical improvement. In the untreated psoriatic lesion, the weak expression of IL-6 mRNA was localized in the lower epidermis. However, IL-6 mRNA was not detected in the clearly improved lesion. In the improving lesion, with clinically less scaling, less induration, and histologically thinner epidermis, IL-6 mRNA-expressing keratinocytes were detectable in a greater proportion of the total epidermal components than in the untreated, fully developed lesion. These results showed that IL-6 mRNA was strongly expressed in lesions with moderate epidermal hyperproliferation, indicating that this cytokine may play a role in the transitional phase during the course of improvement as well as in the lesion's formation.
Adolescent↗
Symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients as evaluated by family members.
The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between family expressed emotion (EE) and family evaluation for symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients. Chronic schizophrenic outpatients in offshore islands under stationary therapeutic conditions were studied. For evaluation, the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) for EE and the Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS) for family evaluation of patients were used. EE level was high among relatives who thought the patient was belligerent, negativistic, unstable or helpless. High-EE relatives tended to evaluate their patients' performance of social activities rather low and showed strong dissatisfaction with the patient's leisure activities. Moreover, a high emotional overinvolvement (EOI) value is more common in Japan than in other countries. A subgroup of the FMSS-EOI, the emotional display, was seen where many mothers began to cry while speaking.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis spoIVCA gene, which encodes a site-specific recombinase, depends on the spoIIGB product.
The Bacillus subtilis spoIVCA gene encodes a site-specific recombinase which creates a sigK gene by DNA rearrangement. We have determined the transcription initiation point of the spoIVCA gene and found that (i) the spoIVCA promoter contains sequences which are similar to -10 and -35 regions of promoters recognized by sigma E and (ii) mutation of spoIIGB, which encodes pro-sigma E, blocked the expression of spoIVCA.
Bacillus subtilis↗
LPC in oxidized LDL elicits vasocontraction and inhibits endothelium- dependent relaxation.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and potentially influences the endothelial regulation of vasomotor tone. We have recently shown that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a lysophospholipid contained in ox-LDL, has various pathophysiological effects. We further examined the role of LPC in the ox-LDL-induced vasoactivity in isolated pig coronary arteries. Copper-induced ox-LDL but not native LDL (n-LDL) elicited endothelium-dependent contraction during plateau contraction evoked by prostaglandin F2 alpha. Lipid extracted from ox-LDL (ox-LDL-lipid) also induced vasocontraction, but lipid of n-LDL (n-LDL-lipid) did not influence tone. When LPC was depleted from ox-LDL (i.e., defatted albumin- or phospholipase B-treated ox-LDL), vasocontraction was significantly attenuated. Synthetic palmitoyl LPC also induced endothelium-dependent vasocontraction, mimicking the response elicited by ox-LDL, but phosphatidylcholine, which exists in n-LDL and is converted to LPC during oxidative modification of LDL, did not influence the tone. Contraction to either ox-LDL or LPC was significantly attenuated by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine but not by indomethacin or superoxide dismutase. Forty minutes of incubation of coronary rings with either ox-LDL or LPC significantly attenuated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to thrombin without affecting vasorelaxation to endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroglycerin. In conclusion, LPC contained in lipid fraction of ox-LDL caused endothelium-dependent contraction and inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated pig coronary arteries. The vasocontraction might be at least in part caused by LPC-mediated inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Endothelin ETA receptor antagonist blocks cardiac hypertrophy provoked by hemodynamic overload.
BACKGROUND: We have recently shown that angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cultured rat cardiomyocytes was partially blocked by an endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist (BQ123) selective for the ETA subtype, suggesting the possible involvement of endogenous ET-1 in the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. In the present study, we studied the in vivo blockade effects of BQ123 on cardiac hypertrophy provoked by left ventricular overload with aortic banding in adult rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated rats without BQ123 administration, (2) rats with aortic banding without BQ123 administration, (3) sham-operated rats with BQ123 administration, and (4) rats with aortic banding with BQ123 administration. BQ123 (250 micrograms/h) was administered continuously by an osmotic pump starting 24 hours before operation. BQ123 blocked increases in the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight and in the diameter of cardiomyocytes provoked by aortic banding at 1 week, but those blockade actions were no longer observed at 2 weeks. Skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA in the left ventricle, transcriptional markers for cardiac hypertrophy, significantly increased in the rats with aortic banding at 1 week and 2 weeks. In the rats with BQ123 administration, despite the hemodynamic overload, skeletal alpha-actin and ANP mRNA in the left ventricle remained at the control levels at 1 week; however, those blockade actions were abolished at 2 weeks. Plasma ET-1 levels increased after aortic banding, peaking at 24 hours, then returned to the basal level at 4 days. Prepro-ET-1 mRNA levels in the left ventricle also increased 24 hours after aortic banding, then declined to the basal level at 4 days. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endogenous ET-1 synthesized in the cardiovascular system plays a role in the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy during the early phase of pressure overload in vivo.
Actins↗