Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in cerebrospinal fluid and within malignant cells in a case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ohta
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohta.
Binding of heterocyclic amines by lactic acid bacteria from miso, a fermented Japanese food.
Miso, a widely used Japanese fermented food was analysed for its lactic acid bacterial count on bromocresol purple agar. The binding of eight different foodborne carcinogenic heterocyclic amines to 25 bacterial isolates from miso were investigated. The heterocyclic amines used were 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl[5H]pyrido(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl[5H]pyrido(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a:3'2'-d)imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-dimethylimidazo(4,5f)quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f) quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido(2,3)indole (MeA alpha C). The lyophilized cells of all of the isolates exhibited high binding activity towards Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, MeA alpha C, and PhIP, while Glu-P-1 and IQ were not effectively bound. Of the isolates tested, the strongest and weakest binders were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici 1 and 2, respectively. Lyophilized cell wall fractions, heat-treated cells, and the cytoplasmic contents of P. acidilactici 1 and 2 were analysed for their ability to bind to different mutagens. Pure cell wall and peptidoglycan showed greater binding activity than the bacterial cells. Cytoplasmic content also showed some binding, but it was much less effective. The impact of enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, chitinase, muraminase, and peptidase) and acetylation of Trp-P-1 and IQ on the binding action of bacteria and cell wall material were also analysed to understand the possible processes involved in the binding of lactic acid bacteria to carcinogenic heterocyclic amines.
Amines↗
Calcium ion as a second messenger for o-nitrophenylsulfenyl-adrenocorticotropin (NPS-ACTH) and ACTH in bovine adrenal steroidogenesis.
o-Nitrophenyl sulfenyl-modified ACTH (NPS-ACTH) stimulated steroidogenesis acutely in bovine fasciculata-reticularis cells without increase in cellular cAMP synthesis. Application of NPS-ACTH to the cultured cells induced Ca2+ signals in individual cells as detected by video-enhanced microscopic fluorescence measurements. The percentage of Ca2+ signaling cells corresponded well with the increase of steroidogenesis induced by NPS-ACTH below 1 nM. Treatment of the cells with nicardipine, a Ca2+ channel blocker, suppressed the Ca2+ signals except for the transient increase just after the addition of NPS-ACTH and also blocked completely the stimulative effect on the steroidogenesis of NPS-ACTH below 1 nM. At a dosage of NPS-ACTH higher than 10 nM, the stimulative effect of steroidogenesis was partly suppressed by nicardipine and also by AA-861, a lipoxygenase inhibitor. The action of NPS-ACTH might be mediated by both Ca2+ and lipoxygenase metabolite(s) of arachidonic acid as dual second messengers. The effect of ACTH in pM range on the steroidogenesis was suppressed completely by the treatment with nicardipine and AA-861 at the same time, indicating that the action was mediated by both Ca2+ and the lipoxygenase metabolite(s) but not by cAMP. cAMP plays a significant role as a second messenger for ACTH action only at ACTH concentrations greater than 10 pM.
Adrenal Glands↗
Changes in H+-translocating vacuolar-type ATPase in the anterior silk gland cell of Bombyx mori during metamorphosis.
A proton-translocating vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) was identified and characterized in the anterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. By incubating the intact tissue with the fluorescent dye Acridine Orange, the acidified compartment was detected at the apical pole of the epithelial cells. This was observed throughout the feeding period of the fifth-instar larva until the onset of spinning. Acidification was prevented completely and reversibly by 0.8 micromol l-1 bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase. The presence of V-ATPase in a microsomal fraction was verified by immunoblots using an antiserum to the V-ATPase holoenzyme from Manduca sexta midgut. The antiserum localized the V-ATPase to the apical plasma membrane of the anterior silk gland cells, suggesting that the enzyme is functionally active in pumping protons out of the cell towards the glandular lumen of feeding silkworm larvae. In spinning larvae, the acidification produced by the V-ATPase appears to cease, because acidic compartments were seen rarely and only in the periphery of basal cytoplasm, and because immunocytochemical staining for the V-ATPase was greatly reduced at the apical surface. The metamorphic changes in relation to the occurrence of V-ATPase corresponded well with the ultrastructural changes in the anterior silk gland cell of Bombyx mori larvae.
Animals↗
Action properties of HYI killer toxin from Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus, and antibiotics, aculeacin A and papulacandin B.
The mechanism of the killing and cytocidal effects produced by HYI toxin from Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus, and by the amphiphilic antibiotics aculeacin A and papulacandin B on yeast Saccharomyces bayanus cells was studied. When the yeast cells were treated with these molecules, a discharge of cell materials at the budding position was observed by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The cytocidal effect of these molecules was most pronounced when the cells were in the logarithmic growth phase. Washing the HYI toxin incubation mixture completely eliminated the killing activity, but in the case of the antibiotics, it only partially reduced the cytocidal activity. Full recovery of the killing activity in the supernatant of the washing solution was observed after HYI toxin incubation, but in the case of the antibiotics, the recovery of cytocidal activity was time-dependent. The activity of membrane beta-1,3-glucan synthase was potently inhibited by HYI toxin, and the concentration of this enzyme in the budding tip was observed. These results suggest that HYI toxin exerts a cytocidal effect on the budding of sensitive yeast cells by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. This mechanism is similar to that of the HM-1 toxin of W. saturnus var. mrakii, and to aculeacin A and papulacandin B, although there are some differences from that of HYI toxin.
Aminoglycosides↗
Studies on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. II. Synthesis and activity of the metabolites of ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)quino line-3-carboxylate (TAK-603).
The metabolites of ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmeth yl)quinoline -3-carboxylate (1, TAK-603), which is under clinical evaluation as a new type of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), were prepared to confirm their structures and to study their pharmacological properties. Of the metabolites identified, the 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) derivative (2c, M-I) was found to have an anti-inflammatory effect in an adjuvant arthritic rat model, although its potency in this model was slightly lower than that of the parent compound.
Animals↗
Teprenone, an anti-ulcer agent, increases gastric mucosal mucus level via nitric oxide in rats.
We examined whether the increasing action of teprenone (TP) on mucus synthesis and content in rat gastric mucosa is related to nitric oxide (NO) formation via NO synthase (NOS) in the tissue. TP (200 mg/kg)-induced increases in levels of gastric mucosal hexosamine and adherent mucus were inhibited with decreased gastric mucosal NOS activity and nitrite/nitrate concentration by co-administration of NG-monomethyl L-arginine (100 mg/kg), a NOS inhibitor, but not its D-isomer. These results suggest that TP exerts an increasing action on gastric mucus synthesis and content possibly under the condition of maintained NO production via NOS in gastric mucosal tissues, although the precise mechanisms for the action of TP is still unclear.
Animals↗
Non-thermal effect of a ceramics radiation on a yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Non-thermal effect of a ceramics radiation on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been investigated using the enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ separately irradiated at 10 degrees C by a ceracompo R plate and a ceramics un-sewed cloth (sheet). The Km for glucose-6-phosphate was increased 20% after 6 h of irradiation by the plate, but the Vmax/Km was decreased 24%. After 3 h of irradiation by the sheet, the Km was increased 17%, but after 6 h of irradiation it was decreased 11%. The 3 h of irradiation by the sheet slightly increased both enthalpy and entropy changes of the reaction, but the 6 h of irradiation significantly decreased them. Both thermodynamic parameters in the activated state were increased by the sheet irradiation. The promotion energy for both formations of the enzyme-substrate and their activated complex depended on enthalpy. The different effects of two ceramics radiators on G6PDH activity were discussed.
Ceramics↗
Tissue differences in protein synthesis of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).
In a series of experiment to elucidate the rule of amino acid requirements in the fowls from small to large ones, the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of protein were determined to collect basal data on protein and amino acid metabolism in budgerigars as a small bird. Twenty young adult budgerigars were injected with 0.1 ml/10 g body weight containing 40 microCi/100 mumol phenylalanine/ml in a wing vein, and killed at 2 and 10 min after the injection. The FSR in the whole body, liver, proventriculs and gizzard, intestine and breast muscle were determined. The FSR were not the same in all tissues, and estimated values were highest in the liver (104.7), and followed by the intestines (68.0), whole body (55.2), proventriculs + Gizzard (46.8), heart (35.8) and breast muscle (26.9%/day).
Amino Acids↗
Endogenous amino acids in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).
To determine the amount of endogenous amino acids in budgerigars (sekiseiinko, Melopsittacus undulatus), as the first step of evaluating amino acid requirements, three experiments were conducted. In Experiments 1 and 2, transit time of the feeds through the digestive tract in budgerigars was studied. The birds were given free access to a corn-based diet containing 50% barium sulfate in Experiment 1, and Japanese millets (hie, Echinochloa utilis) with 0.5 ml of 50% barium sulfate solution in Experiment 2. At intervals of 0.5 to 2 hr, roentgenography was conducted to identify the position of the barium sulfate in the digestive tract. The results showed that the transit time of pellets and millets in the digestive tract was within 24 and 27 hr, respectively. In Experiment 3, to determine the amount of endogenous amino acids in budgerigars, the excreta were collected for 24 hr, from 27 to 51 hr after fasting. The excreta were hydrolyzed with 6 N hydrochloric acid at 110 degrees C for 22 hr for the determination of amino acids by HPLC. The endogenous Ala, Arg, Leu, Lys, Phe and Val were estimated to be 34.9, 36.8, 18.5, 20.3, 15.3 and 18.9 micrograms/day/BW0.75, respectively, which were higher than those in adult roosters.
Amino Acids↗
An increase in the threshold of citric acid-induced cough during chest wall vibration in healthy humans.
This study tested the hypothesis that the afferent input from the respiratory muscles may be involved in the neural mechanisms inducing cough responses. Coughing was evoked in conscious healthy humans by the inhalation of citric acid aerosol of several concentrations either during or not during chest wall vibration (100 Hz) at the right second intercostal space or during vibration of the right thigh. The mean threshold citric acid concentration to induce coughing was significantly higher during chest wall vibration (geometric mean, 131.8 mg/ml) than without vibration (75.9 mg/ml). Vibration after topical anesthesia of the chest wall skin did not significantly change the threshold concentration of citric acid. The threshold citric acid concentration during vibration of the right thigh did not significantly differ from that without vibration. We concluded that inputs from the chest wall afferent, presumably from the intercostal muscle or costovertebral joint, may have an inhibitory effect on the initiation of coughing at the higher neural structure in conscious humans.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Identification and functional analysis of sulfonylurea receptor 1 variants in Japanese patients with NIDDM.
The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is an essential regulatory subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K[ATP]). The possible role of SUR1 gene mutation(s) in the development of NIDDM remains controversial as both a positive association and negative linkage results have been reported. Therefore, we examined the SUR1 gene at the single nucleotide level with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 100 Japanese NIDDM patients. We identified a total of five amino acid substitutions and 17 silent mutations by examining all 39 exons of this gene. Two rare novel mutations, D811N in exon 20 and R835C in exon 21, were identified in the first nucleotide-binding fold (NBF), a functionally important region of SUR1, in one patient each, both heterozygotes. To analyze possible functional alterations, we reconstituted the mutant K(ATP) by coexpressing beta-cell inward rectifier (BIR) (Kir 6.2), a channel subunit of K(ATP), and mutant SUR1 in HEK293T and COS-7 cells. As demonstrated by the patch clamp technique and rubidium (Rb+) efflux studies, neither mutation alters the properties of channel activities. Two other rare missense mutations, R275Q in exon 6 and V560M in exon 12, were also identified. The R275Q substitution was not found in 67 control subjects, and V560M was present in three control subjects. Neither of these substitutions appeared to cosegregate with NIDDM in the probands' families. A previously reported S1370A substitution located in the second NBF was also common in the Japanese subjects (allelic frequency 0.37), and was found at an equal frequency in nondiabetic control subjects. In conclusion, SUR1 mutations impairing K(ATP) function do not appear to be major determinants of NIDDM susceptibility in Japanese.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
Effect of chronic furosemide administration on acid-base balance in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure.
We quantitatively analyzed the effect of long-term administration of oral furosemide on the PaCO2 - H+ relationship in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. In this study we measured arterial blood gases of eighteen outpatients (mean duration of visits, 7.6 years; mean rise of PaCO2, 15.4 mmHg). We obtained linear regression lines for PaCO2 - H+, and determined their Y-axis intercepts and slopes. The results indicated that an increase in the administered dose of furosemide decreased linearly the Y-axis intercept of the regression line [(Y-intercept) = - 6.9(dose of furosemide) + 30.9, r = 0.81], and increased linearly the slope of the regression line [(slope) = 0.094(dose of furosemide) + 0.22, r = 0.74]. Thus, the regression line of the PaCO2 - H+ relationship moved downward and became steeper at higher doses of furosemide. The regression lines for each dose of furosemide crossed at a PaCO2 of 75 mmHg. We concluded that there is a mutual interaction between the renal and respiratory mechanisms for acid-base balance in chronic hypercapnia and the effect of furosemide on the PaCO2 - H+ relationship is negligible in severe hypercapnia.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Regulation of intracranial pressure in the rat with chronic moderate hypercapnia.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: In this animal study we investigated whether CO2-induced intracranial hypertension was sustained in chronic hypercapnia. DESIGN: We kept five rats in a 10% CO2-air mixture (PaCO2 73.4 +/- 6.2 Torr, mean +/- 1SD) for 22 weeks, and then measured the rats' intracranial pressure while breathing the 10% CO2- air mixture or the room air. RESULTS: The intracranial pressures recorded during chronic hypercapnia in systole and diastole were 7.0 +/- 1.9 and 5.4 +/- 1.6 mm Hg, respectively. When the rats were acutely exposed to the room air (PaCO2, 51.9 +/- 10.2 Torr), the intracranial pressures in systole and diastole were 6.1 +/- 1.4 and 5.0 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, respectively, were not significantly different from those during hypercapnia (P>0.05, paired t-test). CONCLUSIONS: The intracranial pressure in rats with chronic moderate hypercapnia was not significantly different from normocapnic rats, and this change was associated with a blunting of intracranial pressure autoregulation.
Animals↗
[Clinical significance of hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV)].
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Blood Donors↗
[Sleep apnea syndrome in Japan: analysis of pathophysiology and nasal continuous positive airway pressure effectiveness].
Forty eight Japanese sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients, whose apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was more than 30 times/hr. from 5 university hospitals (46 males, 2 females) were enrolled in this study to analyze the characteristics of the disorder and the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) effectiveness. Although the severity of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), depressive state, and ventricular premature beats caused by SAS seemed milder in Japanese than reported Caucasian patients, the prevalences of hypertension and glucose intolerance were quite high: 50 and 30% respectively. Treatment with nCPAP for 3 months was completed in 41 of 48 enrollees, a compliance rate of 85.4%, which was substantially higher than studies from Western countries. nCPAP treatment normalized about 50% of hypertensive patients and more than half of glucose intolerant patients. Moreover, EDS, driving ability, the severity of arrhythmia, and so forth were all improved with nCPAP. We, therefore, conclude that 1) SAS could differ between Japanese Caucasians in terms of clinical features resulting from SAS and 2) treatment with nCPAP is effective and should be considered as first-line treatment for patients with moderate to severe SAS, as reported in Western countries.
Adult↗
[Successful treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei using combination chemotherapy of intraperitoneal low-dose CDDP and oral 5'-DFUR administration].
We report a case of pseudomyxoma peritonei treated with combination chemotherapy. A 73-year-old woman was diagnosed as having psuedomyxoma peritonei originated from the vermiform appendix. Appendectomy was performed, and 10 mg of MMC was administered intraperitoneally. From day 7, 600 mg/day of 5'-DFUR was orally given for 2 years, and 20 mg of CDDP once a month was intraperitoneally administered seven times. The patient has been doing well with no evidence of tumor recurrence for two years after operation. Combination chemotherapy with CDDP and 5'-DFUR, as a biochemical modulation therapy, has fewer side effects and leads to better quality of life of patients. We recommend a combination chemotherapy with low-dose CDDP and 5'-DFUR for patients in poor general condition.
Administration, Oral↗
Gastric vascular network in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The gastric vascular architecture in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) was studied three-dimensionally by vascular casting; controls were Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The vascular network of the gastric mucosa of WKY showed a cylindrical shape with regular morphology (honeycomb-like capillary network) along the vascular course. In contrast, in SHRSP, an irregular vascular network was formed, and arterioles in the gastric mucosa and serous membrane were difficult to detect. Aneurysms were also detected in some capillaries in SHRSP. We concluded that the development of hypertension may have caused the irregular capillary networks in the rat stomach.
Animals↗