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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohsaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohsaki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Abnormal chest roentgenogram induced by bronchial involvement. --Bronchial cast shadow.

We found rod-like shadows suggesting bronchial involvement in bronchial atresia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchiectasis, bronchial stenosis, bronchogenic carcinoma and mucoviscidosis. Typical cases are presented. Various nomenclatures of bronchial involvement based on radiological features or pathological states, such as gloved-finger, tooth-paste shadow, bronchial mucocele and mucoid impaction, are clinically used. We propose "bronchial cast shadow" as an unified term for the roentgenologic diagnosis of these various conditions. The purpose of this paper is; 1) From the radiologic diagnostic stand of view, mucoid impaction of bronchial mucocele is inappropriate, because the same radiologic appearance is not necessarily caused by impacted mucus. In some disorders, the contents of the bronchial lumen might be pus, blood or cells. Initially the abnormal shadow should be described according to the radiologic features, then the pathology of the shadow should be considered. 2) Several different terms are currently used for the same condition. The use of an unified terminology would be convenient for roentgen diagnosis. 3) The recognition of bronchial cast shadow is useful for differential diagnosis of abnormal shadows in the lungs and understanding of abnormal findings. When the bronchial cast shadow is recognized, the underlying cause of it must be determined.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗
PubMed1980

Comparison between pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis: an assessment by selective alveolo-bronchography.

In order to elucidate the interrelationship between pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis, 23 adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were examined during life by selective alveolo-bronchography. They were classified according to radiologic criteria as centrilobular or panlobular emphysema or chronic bronchitis and according to clinical criteria as A, B or X types. A and B clinical types proposed by Burrows and Fletcher were almost in agreement respectively with emphysema and chronic bronchitis based on x-ray criteria. However, no correlation between A-type and panlobular emphysema or between B-type and centrilobular emphysema were observed. Centrilobular emphysema was diagnosed in 4 patients who had no history of findings of bronchitis. This suggests that inflammation of airways is not necessarily a cause of centrilobular emphysema. As a result, selective alveolo-bronchography was thought to be useful method to diagnose the type and severity of emphysema.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Lung cancer in Japanese chromate workers.

We have treated ten patients with lung cancer among workers in a chromate factory between 1972 and 1976. Four further cases were also found through death certificates and medical records. Most were smokers and all were men. The average duration of exposure to chromate was 24 years (range 10 to 36). The cell type in our ten patients was squamous in seven and small anaplastic type in three. The primary sites were all in large bronchi. The incidence (person per year) calculated from the number of employees, duration of factory activity, number of cancer patients, and shortest duration of labour period among the patients was 657.9 per 100,000 compared to 13.3 per 100,000 in Japan as a whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Nasal route flexible broncho-fiberscopy, as a tool of mass examination for hilar type lung cancer (author's transl)].

Early detection of lung cancer is mandatory problem in the medical field. Although, chest x-p examination is a strong armament for detection of peripheral type of lung cancer, the method has rather weak point in detection of hilar type of bronchogenic carcinoma. Bronchoscopy is essential method for diagnosis of bronchial changes of this disease. It is, however, not popular method yet, because of its troublesome technique, such as insertion of tracheal tube, eventhough new instrument of flexible fiber bronchoscopy makes us very much easy way to use, compared with old-fashioned rigid bronchoscopy. For mass examination of high risk group of bronchogenic carcinoma (chromate workers), we are using nasal route flexible fiberbronchoscopy. Comparing of this method with previously used trans-oral route, both easiness of the technique on doctor's side, and comfort during the examination on the patients's side revealed favorable results for nasal method.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multinucleated cells formed in vitro from Paget's bone marrow express viral antigens.

Paget's disease of bone is characterized by large numbers of osteoclasts that have viral-like nuclear and/or cytoplasmic inclusions. Pagetic osteoclasts express respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) and measles viral (MV) nucleocapsid antigens. The data suggest a possible viral etiology for Paget's disease. However, studies to characterize further the putative viral inclusions in Paget's osteoclasts have been severely hampered by the extreme difficulty in isolating large numbers of osteoclasts from pagetic bone. The recent demonstration that osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNC), that had certain characteristics of pagetic osteoclasts formed in marrow cultures from Paget's patients, may permit studies to describe this virus further. Therefore, we have cultured marrow samples from involved and uninvolved bones from Paget's patients and from normal subjects to determine if the MNC formed in these cultures express viral antigens. RSV and/or MV antigens were expressed in the mononuclear cells and/or the MNC formed in 12 of 12 marrow cultures from active lesions of patients with Paget's disease, with 40-50% of the cells expressing viral antigens. In contrast, less than 5% of cells isolated from cultures from normal subjects expressed RSV and/or MV. These results suggest that MNC formed in long-term marrow cultures from patients with Paget's disease frequently express paramyxoviral antigens and are very similar to pagetic osteoclasts. Thus, these marrow cultures may be useful for further characterizing the virus in Paget's disease.

Aged↗