Biomedical subjects

Y Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohno.

744 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of motor reactivity of the human colon cold-stored in different preservative solutions to carbachol and noradrenaline in vitro.

We have compared the reactivity to carbachol and noradrenaline of circular smooth muscle isolated from the human colon which was cold-stored at 4 degrees C in three different preservative solutions: Krebs bicarbonate solution (KBS), phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or minimum essential medium (MEM). Concentration-dependent contractions in response to carbachol were reduced in terms of both their sensitivity (pEC50) and reactivity (Emax), depending on the period of cold storage. The reduction was more marked when the tissue was cold-stored in either MEM or KBS than in PBS. Similar reduction of the relaxation response to noradrenaline was also observed after cold storage. It is concluded that the cold storage of surgically resected human colon in PBS for two to three days best preserved smooth muscle functions for pharmacological examinations.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Automatic search for optimal conditions in clinical studies.

BACKGROUND: A program for an automatic search for the optimal conditions of important prognostic factors in clinical studies was developed. METHODS: The program was developed for the following steps: (1) Input of the maximum and minimum values and of the interval of the variable to be investigated. Automatic calculation of the Cut Points. (2) Division of the patient data into two groups at every Cut Point and calculation of survival rates. (3) Sequential calculation of P-values and chi-square values for the two sets of survival rates. To determine the usefulness of this program, the optimal irradiation dose was searched for 537 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS: The P-value reached its minimum value and the chi-square value its maximum when the Cut Point was 5,925 cGy (0.0001 and 30.18). Between 5,925 cGy and 6,900 cGy, the P-value stayed at less than 0.05. CONCLUSION: Artificial errors in grouping by prognostic factors can be avoided and the search for optimal conditions can be conducted automatically and scientifically.

Automation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A Japanese adult case of cystic fibrosis causing bone demineralization.

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited, multisystem disorder characterized by an abnormality in exocrine gland function. It leads to chronic pulmonary disease in most cases and pancreatic insufficiency in 85 percent of patients. Although this disease is not uncommon in Caucasians, it has been considered very rare among Japanese. The majority of patients are diagnosed in infancy or childhood. The patient in this case report was a 45-year-old Japanese man who had not been diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis. This patient had recurrent episodes of pulmonary infection that started in childhood, and plain films of the chest showed increased interstitial markings, hyperaeration, and bronchiectasis. CT of the upper abdomen showed a generally enlarged pancreas with complete fatty replacement. Serum and urine pancreatic enzyme levels were low, suggesting pancreatic insufficiency. Repeated sweat tests were positive. A roentgenologic skeletal survey showed general demineralization, which may be multifactorial. In this case, it was concluded that vitamin D deficiency caused by vitamin D malabsorption and/or insufficient sunlight exposure was mainly responsible for the demineralization and that chronic respiratory acidosis might also be partially responsible.

Bone and Bones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of tandospirone, a 5-HT1A receptor-related anxiolytic, on the pressor response elicited by stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus in cats.

The effects of tandospirone, a novel 5-HT1A receptor-related anxiolytic, on pressor responses elicited by activation of the posterior hypothalamus were examined in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats and compared with those of diazepam and tofisopam. Intravenous administration of tandospirone (0.1-1 mg/kg) and diazepam (1 mg/kg) markedly inhibited the pressor responses to stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus, but did not inhibit the pressor responses to intravenous norepinephrine. The inhibition of the posterior hypothalamus-induced pressor response by tandospirone was significantly antagonized by pindolol (a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist) but not by CGS-8216 (a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist), while the latter reduced the inhibitory effects of diazepam. Tofisopam (a 2,3-benzodiazepine which lacks affinity for benzodiazepine receptors) only attenuated the posterior hypothalamus-induced pressor responses at a high dose (10 mg/kg), which was sufficient to suppress the norepinephrine-induced pressor responses. These results indicate that tandospirone, diazepam and tofisopam all inhibit the pressor response to the posterior hypothalamus activation. In addition, tandospirone and diazepam exert this effect through different mechanisms, the former probably through 5-HT1A receptors and the latter through benzodiazepine receptors.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Coronary endothelium is responsive to bradykinin and arachidonate but not to acetylcholine.

In preparations of either endothelium-rubbed or intact porcine coronary artery, in which sodium nitroprusside caused a relaxation, acetylcholine did not cause a relaxation but a contraction. Calcium ionophore A23187 and bradykinin elicited a dose-dependent relaxation in preparations with intact endothelium, while the relaxation was abolished by rubbing the endothelium. Bradykinin-induced relaxation was not inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid (10(-4) M), indomethacin (10(-6) M), and combined treatment with phentolamine (10(-6) M) and propranolol (10(-6) M). Arachidonic acid produced an endothelium-dependent contraction, which, at 10(-5) M, was followed by a slowly developing relaxation. Prostaglandin I2 caused a slight relaxation of the artery. In conclusion, endothelial cells of porcine coronary artery respond to bradykinin and A23187, presumably through a release of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Vasoconstrictor prostanoid(s) seem(s) to be involved in the arachidonic acid-induced contraction.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitors of erythroid colony forming cells in sera of azotemic patients with anemia of renal disease.

1. The plasma clot method of McLeod, et al8 was used to study the inhibitors of erythroid colony forming cells (CFU-E and BFU-E) in sera of patients with anemia of uremia. 2. Compared to sera from hematologically normal human subjects, sera from undialyzed patients with anemia of uremia produced a significant inhibition of CFU-E and BFU-E. 3. A marked reduction in the inhibitor(s) of CFU-E was seen in sera of 3 out of 4 patients following 16 wks of intermittent hemodialysis. 4. Creatinine, guanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid and guanidinobutyric acid had no effect on the erythroid colony forming cells. 5. Together with the relative erythropoietin deficiency, inhibitor(s) of the erythroid progenitor cell compartment may play a major role in the mechanism of the anemia of renal insufficiency.

Anemia↗