Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohno.
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We carried out a controlled study on the voluntary control of the frontalis muscle by biofeedback procedures employing 20 normal subjects. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 10: (1) the biofeedback group and (2) the control group. Each of the two groups received five training sessions of about 40 minutes' duration each on different days. The results obtained are as follows: (1) In the biofeedback group, mean EMG levels decreased progressively and markedly from 2. 16 muVp-p min the first session to 1.54 muVp-p min in the last session. On the contrary, the control group did not show constant decreases in EMG levels over sessions. (2) The changes in the heart rate did not correlate with the changes in EMG activity. (3) The changes in the respiratory rate correlated with the changes in EMG activity.
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A number of potentially toxic compounds accumulate in the sera of patients with end-stage renal disease, and some have been demonstrated to inhibit erythropoiesis. In vitro CFU-E and BFU-E erythroid colony growth was compared in the presence of sera from patients with anemia of renal insufficiency and normal human subjects with the use of plasma clot cultures of normal rabbit bone marrows. In studies of sera from nine undialyzed patients with anemia of renal insufficiency and seven normal human subjects, all undialyzed sera from the anemic uremic patients produced a significant (p less than 0.001) inhibition of both CFU-E and BFU-E. A marked reduction in the inhibitor of CFU-E was seen in the sera of three out of four patients following intermittent hemodialysis. Creatinine, guanidine hydrochloride, guanidinosuccinic acid, and guanidinobutyric acid did not affect the number of CFU-E in normal rabbit bone marrow cultures. These data suggest that uremic toxins in the sera of undialyzed anemic uremic patients inhibit erythropoiesis, are partially removed by regular hemodialysis, and may play an important role in the mechanism of the anemia associated with renal insufficiency. These inhibitors of CFU-E do not appear to be creatinine or guanidine derivatives.
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A sensitive electronic device (static sensograph) was used to record fine body movement in two similar groups of normal high school girls at intervals over a few months. One group received weekly instructions in the technique of autogenic training (AT) and was urged to practice it daily, whereas the other (control group) received no such instrutions. In the AT group mean body movement (eyes closed, sitting position) decreased with every session. At 3 and 4.5 months after training was begun (session 3 and 4, respectively) mean body movement of this group was significantly lower than in the first session, before training was begun. In the fourth (but not earlier) sessions the AT group also showed a significant decrease in mean body movement during AT compared with the periods immediately preceding and following it. In contrast, the control gorup showed no significant differences in means between any sessions or periods within a session. The results suggest that fine body movement as measured by a static sensograph is a useful parameter for studying AT and probably other relaxation procedures.
In order to evaluate observer variability and reproducibility for the funduscopic findings, the color slides of one hundred cases in Akabane and Asahi town in Japan were investigated and the following were revealed: 1. Observer variability for Keith-Wagener's classification was the least in the grade 3 and the most in grade 0. The variability of diagnosis between observers was the least for retinal bleeding and the most for anteriolar reflex and remarkable for lateral displacement and arteriolar narrowing. In general, the observe variability was one grade at most. 2. Reproducibility for Scheie's hypertensive classification was 73 per cent and that for Scheie's arteriosclerotic and Keith-Wagner's classifications was 66 per cent. Fairly good reproducibility was observed in retinal bleeding and poor reproducibility in arteriolar reflex and vertical and lateral displacements, In general, the intra-observer variability for the funduscopic findings was one grade at most. 3. Observer variability and reproducibility for the funduscopic findings would be improved by establishment of the detailed diagnostic criteria of various funduscopic findings, taking color pictures in focus and systematic training for the fresh doctors or technicians without enough experience. 4. The cases with definite narrowing of arteriole revealed smaller A/V ratio than 0.70.
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The extractable and bound lipids of a moderately halophilic gram-negative rod, strain No. 101 (wild type) grown in a medium containing 2 M NaC1, were examined. The extractable lipids were separated into at least 8 components by using thin-layer chromatography. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid in the whole cells, cell envelopes and outer membrane preparations, commonly. Judging from mild alkaline hydrolysis and exzymatic treatment with phospholipase A2, C and D, the unidentified phosphoglycolipid possessing Pi, glycerol, fatty acids and glucose in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 : 2 : 1, appeared likely to be a glucosyl derivative of phosphatidylglycerol. No glucuronic acid containing lipid was detected. The exractable lipid composition varied greatly with the concentrations of NaC1 in the medium and the stages of bacterial growth. The most characteristic phosphoglycolipid in this organism increased up to 25% of the total phospholipids with the addition of 1% glucose in the medium. The major fatty acids of the extractable lipids were C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 and cyclopropanoic C17 and C19 acids and these compositions were very similar for each phospholipid. The cyclopropanoic fatty acids predominated as growth proceeded. The fatty acids of the bound lipids comprised a high concentration of 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid. The esterified fatty acids of the lipopolysaccharide molecule seemed to contain a wide variety of hydroxy and non-hydroxy shorter chain fatty acids, while the amide-linked fatty acids consisted almost entirely of 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid.
The major hydroxy fatty acids of cellular lipids in Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Flavobacterium sp. King's group UUb were identified as 2-hydroxy 13-methyltetradecanoic, 3-hydroxy 13-methyltetradecanoic, 3-hydroxy palmitic, and 3-hydroxy 15-methylhexadecanoic acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-mass fragmentography. The concentration of these hydroxy fatty acids comprised up to 30-40% of the total extractable and 20-30% of the bound lipid fatty acids, respectively. From the stability for mild alkaline hydrolysis, 2-hydroxy fatty acids seemed to be attached with ester linkage, and 3-hydroxy fatty acids with amide linkage.