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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohno.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Isoelectric focusing studies on the PGM1 subtypes in the northern Japanese population.

The distribution of the human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) subtypes in samples from Japanese population (n = 277) living in the Miyagi Prefecture, the northern part of Japan, was investigated by applying the thinlayer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. In our population sample all the ten common phenotypes were demonstrated, and the estimated allele frequencies for the genes PGM1+1, PGM1-1, PGM2+1, and PGM2-1 were 0.671, 0.107, 0.161, and 0.061, respectively. Family studies (n = 40) indicated an autosomal codominant inheritance and confirmed the four alleles. The new system will increase the probability of exclusion in paternity cases among Japanese to 29.4% compared with 14.3% if the two allele system is used.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Carcinogenicity studies of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate in F-344 rats.

The carcinogenicity of sodium and of sodium nitrate was examined in F-344 rats. Sodium nitrite was administered in the drinking-water for 2 yr at levels of 0.125 or 0.25%. Sodium nitrate was given in the diet at levels 2.5 or 5%. A variety of tumours occurred in all groups including the controls. The only significant difference between treated and control groups in the total number of tumours detected in either of the studies was a significant decrease in tumour incidence in the high-dose females given nitrite compared with controls. There was no positive dose-response relationship either in the incidence or in the induction time of tumours in either of the studies. The only significant result was a reduction in the incidence of mononuclear cell leukaemias in the experimental groups in both studies. It is concluded that sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate did not exert a carcinogenic effect that could be detected under the conditions of this study in which the animals showed a high incidence of spontaneous tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer in Manchester, U.K., and Nagoya, Japan.

We have evaluated the relation between cancer of the lower urinary tract ("bladder cancer") and the use of artificial sweeteners, by means of case-control studies in Manchester, U.K., and Nagoya, Japan, areas where extensive use occurred 30-40 years ago. In each area, a broadly based series of cases (555 in Manchester, 293 in Nagoya) was interviewed and a series of controls (735 in Manchester, 589 in Nagoya) chosen from the general population. A history of use of sugar substitutes primarily saccharin, was not associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer in either study area. Risk of bladder cancer did not increase regularly with frequency or duration of use of sugar substitutes. Data on dietetic beverages were not obtained in Nagoya. This exposure was not associated with a greater risk of bladder cancer in Manchester. The results of this study suggest that use of artificial sweeteners confers little or no risk of bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of vitamin E-deficiency on renin release from renin granules.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of vitamin E-deficiency on renin release from isolated renin granules. Male Wistar rats were fed either a control or a vitamin E-deficient diet. Renin granules were prepared from the kidney cortex homogenate by a discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Renin activity was measured by radioimmunoassay and lipid peroxidation was estimated by means of the thiobarbituric acid test. The intake of vitamin E-deficient diet for 4 weeks resulted in a decrease in alpha-tocopherol content in renin granules, accompanied by an increased level of endogenous lipid peroxides. When the renin granules were incubated at 37 degrees C, the rate of renin release from the granules in vitamin E-deficient group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that vitamin E exists in renin granule membranes and functions in maintenance of membrane integrity by blocking the lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A new device for the determination of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in renal tissue preparations from various species contaminated with mitochondria and hemoglobin.

Using a spectrophotometer connected to a microcomputer, the carbon monoxide difference spectrum of renal microsomal dithionite-reduced cytochrome P-450 was measured avoiding the effects of the contaminating mitochondrial cytochromes and hemoglobin by subtracting the CO difference spectrum of a succinate-treated microsomal suspension from that of a dithionite-treated one. By this method, we quantitatively determined the microsomal cytochrome P-450 in kidneys from various species. The absorption peak of the renal microsomal cytochrome P-450 was about 452 nm in rats and about 450 nm in mice, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, and pigs. Compared with the renal cytochrome P-450 contents in rats, the contents on a g tissue basis were greater in pigs, dogs, and mice and were about the same in hamsters and rabbits. The renal cytochrome P-450 contents in guinea pigs were less than those in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the interaction of prolactin and estrogen in rabbit ovary and uterus (author's transl)].

The biological effects of prolactin (PRL) on the uterus and ovary, and the cooperative action of PRL and estrogen to these tissues were investigated in the female white rabbit. 1) Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR, not in ovary) and PRL receptor were demonstrated in the rabbit uterus and ovary. The dissociation constant determined by Scatchard analysis was approximately at the level from 10(-10)M to 10(-9)M in each ligand binding to receptor. 2) In the pseudopregnant rabbit, b-PRL (30 iu/kg) increased the uterine and ovarian weight (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01 respectively) but neither altered the steroid levels, nor the uterine and ovarian cytoplasmic ER levels. In the uterus, b-PRL increased the PRL receptor levels and tended to increase the nuclear ER levels. 3) In the ovariectomized immature rabbit, b-PRL (30 iu/kg) increased in uterine weight (p less than 0.05), decreased the uterine cytoplasmic ER levels (p less than 0.05), but increased the nuclear ER levels (p less than 0.05). With estrogen, b-PRL increased the uterine weight (p less than 0.05); tended to increase the cytoplasmic and nuclear ER levels, and increased the cytoplasmic PR levels (p less than 0.05). 4) In the ovariectomized immature rabbit, b-PRL did not change the histological finding of the uterus, whether estrogen was primed or not. In the pseudopregnant rabbit, b-PRL accelerated the progestational proliferation of the uterus. These results indicated that PRL demonstrated the biological effect on the rabbit uterus and ovary directly via PRL receptor, and that PRL enhances the estrogenic action, giving the effect on the mechanisms related with ER in the rabbit uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract.

The relation of coffee drinking to the incidence rate of cancer of the lower urinary tract ("bladder cancer") was evaluated. Broadly based series of cases and series of controls drawn from the general population of each area were assembled and interviewed in Boston, Massachusetts (587 cases, 528 controls), Manchester, England (541 cases, 725 controls), and Nagoya, Japan (289 cases, 586 controls). Compared to drinkers of an average of less than 1 cup of coffee per day, those who drank more had a relative risk of bladder cancer estimated as 1.0 (0.8-1.2, 95% confidence interval). With adjustment for cigarette smoking habits, only small and irregular changes in risk were seen with increasing frequency of coffee consumption. Duration of coffee drinking showed little relation to risk of bladder cancer may be due to incomplete control of the effect of cigarette smoking. If there is a true association of coffee drinking and bladder cancer it is likely to be weak.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Subcellular localization of H2O2 production in human neutrophils stimulated with particles and an effect of cytochalasin-B on the cells.

The ultrastructural localization of H2O2 production in suspended polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated with particles was studied using CeCl3 technique. PMN stimulated with opsonized zymosan or polystylene latex with or without IgG were incubated in 0.1 M Tris-maleate buffer with 1 mM CeCl3 and 10 mM aminotriazole. Cells were then fixed and embedded in a resin for electron microscopy. The reaction product of cerium perhydroxide was observed on the phagosomal membranes and on the areas of the plasma membrane engulfing the particles. Catalase or ferricytochrome-c decreased the deposits. p-Benzoquinone (O2- scavenger) inhibited the formation of the deposits, but KCN or NaN3 enhanced it. Pretreatment with p-diazobenzenesulfonic acid inhibited the reaction. In some PMN pretreated with cytochalasin-B, cellular aggregation was observed. The H2O2 production in these cells were observed on the membrane adherent to the particles and on the contact surface of the membrane of adjoining PMN. The plasma membrane was damaged and the electron-dense product was diffused into the cytoplasm. These results clearly show that H2O2 production is initiated at the area of the plasma membrane adherent to the particles and that H2O2 is released before the completion of phagocytosis.

Cell Aggregation↗
PubMed1982

Bracken fern, phenacetin, and cancer of the urinary tract.

Bracken fern, a forage contaminant, is causally related to urinary bladder cancer in animals. In this review of experimental studies on carcinogenesis of bracken fern, little evidence of an association between cancer and bracken fern in humans was observed. Clinicoepidemiological studies have shown a high frequency of phenacetin abusers in certain cases of lower urinary tract cancers that indicate case-control studies of phenacetin and related compounds are needed.

Aged↗