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Y Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohno.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Suppression of Na+ influx in ATP-depleted hepatocytes.

The change of cytosolic Na+ concentration was examined in ATP-depleted cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytosolic Na+ concentration was increased in the hepatocytes where ATP was more than 95% depleted by chemical hypoxia with 2.5 mM KCN and 0.5 mM iodoacetate as reported in J. Biol. Chem. 266 20062-20069 (1991). However, the effect was due to the iodoacetate-treatment rather than the ATP-depletion, because the Na+ concentration was increased not by KCN but by iodoacetate, while KCN decreased ATP more than iodoacetate. Although oligomycin (10 micrograms/ml) decreased ATP to less than 5%, it did not increase cytosolic Na+ concentration much within 50 min. Ouabain (1.0 mM), an inhibitor of Na(+)-K+ pump, increased the Na+ concentration, and the increase was suppressed by oligomycin These results suggest that Na+ influx was suppressed in ATP-depleted hepatocytes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Reduction of acetylcholine-activated current by low concentrations of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate.

Effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on ionic currents activated by acetylcholine (ACh) were investigated using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and Xenopus oocytes expressing nicotinic receptors. In PC12 cells, ATP (10 nM to 1 microM) inhibited an inward current activated by ACh in not all but about 60% of cell batches. The ACh-activated current was also inhibited by ATP in Xenopus oocytes and, with a subunit combination of alpha 3 plus beta 4, the inhibition was observed at concentration as low as 100 fM. Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) induced a similar inhibition of the ACh-activated current both in PC12 cells and Xenopus oocytes. These and other properties suggest that the current reduction by ATP is not mediated through conventional P2-purinoceptors.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Longitudinal monitoring of fetal behavior in twins when one is anencephalic.

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there has been no report on longitudinal monitoring of fetal behavior in the anencephalic fetus. CASE: A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with a twin pregnancy at 8 weeks' gestation; at week 20, one of the twins was identified as anencephalic. From 25-36 weeks' gestation, the behavioral patterns of each fetus were recorded weekly on videotape for 60 minutes, then compared with morphologic findings after birth. CONCLUSION: Our data comparing normal and anencephalic fetuses indicate that the development of the central nervous system above the medulla oblongata plays an important role in the elimination of fetal movements, such as startle, jumping, and writhing, and in the commencement of breathing movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Umbilical plasma concentration of endothelin-1 in intrapartum fetal stress: effect of fetal heart rate abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the umbilical plasma concentration of endothelin (ET)-1 in the presence of labor, fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities, and fetal hypoxia. METHODS: Umbilical and maternal plasma concentrations of ET-1 were measured in 100 pregnant women at full-term deliveries (60 with vaginal delivery without induction and 40 with elective cesarean delivery without labor). We assessed the FHR pattern, measured umbilical blood gases and plasma concentration of vasopressin, and investigated the relationships between the umbilical vein-artery ET-1 concentration difference and these variables. RESULTS: The concentration of ET-1 in the umbilical vein was higher than in the umbilical artery and the maternal vein in all cases. The umbilical vein-artery ET-1 concentration difference (mean +/- standard error of the mean) was significantly greater in the vaginal delivery group (4.5 +/- 2.0 pmol/L) than in those delivered by elective cesarean (1.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/L) (P < .05). The umbilical vein-artery ET-1 concentration difference was significantly greater when more than three episodes of severe variable decelerations occurred during the 30-minute period before delivery (7.0 +/- 2.0 pmol/L) than in the absence of any decelerations (1.6 +/- 1.5 pmol/L) (P < .05). The umbilical vein-artery ET-1 concentration difference correlated positively with the umbilical arterial concentration of vasopressin (r = 0.45, P < .05) and negatively with the umbilical arterial oxygen pressure (r = -0.47, P < .05). CONCLUSION: In cases of vaginal delivery with FHR abnormalities and with fetal hypoxia, the fetoplacental concentration of ET-1 was increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Oral calcium carbonate administration ameliorates the progression of renal failure in rats with hypertension.

Oral calcium supplementation is reported to have phosphate-binding and antihypertensive effects. Since both phosphate binders and antihypertensive agents are reported to attenuate renal injury, we studied the effect of oral calcium carbonate (CaCO3) administration on the course of renal deterioration using doxorubicin-induced renal failure in rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt for 10 weeks. Rats were divided into four groups: the CaCO3 (6.0 g/kg/d) group (n = 12), the aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3; 6.0 g/kg/d) group (n = 11, as a phosphate-binder control), the hydralazine (10 mg/kg/d) group (n = 11, as an antihypertensive control), and the control group (n = 12). All agents were given as a mixed chow diet. Blood pressure and urinary protein excretion progressively increased in the control rats. CaCO3 and hydralazine lowered blood pressure, but Al(OH)3 did not (185 +/- 4 mm Hg, control; 160 +/- 5 mm Hg, CaCO3; 171 +/- 8 mm Hg, Al(OH)3; 156 +/- 5 mm Hg, hydralazine at week 10). Proteinuria was reduced in the rats treated with CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 compared with those without the treatment (986 +/- 86 mg/d, control; 551 +/- 54 mg/d, CaCO3; 527 +/- 31 mg/d, Al(OH)3; and 955 +/- 68 mg/d, hydralazine at week 10). Serum phosphate concentration and calcium phosphate products also were significantly lower in both the CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 groups than in the control group. At week 10, increased serum urea nitrogen, impaired renal function, and glomerular sclerosis present in the control group were significantly attenuated in both in the CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Effects of subchronic treatments with SM-9018, a novel 5-HT2 and D2 antagonist, on dopamine and 5-HT receptors in rats.

1. Receptor binding and behavioral studies were performed to compare the effects of subchronic treatments with SM-9018, a novel 5-HT2 and D2 antagonist, and with haloperidol (HAL) on dopamine and 5-HT receptors in rats. 2. SM-9018 treatment (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 2 weeks did not significantly change the density (Bmax) of striatal D2 receptors or the incidence of stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine (APO). By contrast, HAL treatment (3 mg/kg/day p.o., for 2 weeks) significantly increased the D2 receptor density by about 55% and markedly enhanced the behavioral response to APO. 3. The density of 5-HT2 receptors in the cerebral cortex was significantly reduced (about 20%) by SM-9018 treatment without being affected by HAL. However, the hyperthermic response of rats to p-chloroamphetamine (p-CAMP, a putative 5-HT releaser) was unaltered by either treatment. 4. Neither SM-9018 nor HAL treatment changed the density of 5-HT1A receptors in the hippocampus. 5. These findings suggest that SM-9018 is weaker than HAL in inducing up-regulation and supersensitivity of the striatal D2 receptors after the subchronic treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of chronic treatments with SM-9018, a potential atypical neuroleptic, on behavioral dopaminergic and serotonergic sensitivities in rats.

1. Changes in behavioral dopaminergic and serotonergic sensitivities were studied in rats after withdrawal of the chronic treatments with SM-9018 (0.1 mg/kg/day), a potential atypical neuroleptic, and with haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg/day) using continuous infusion pumps. 2. Administration of SM-9018 inhibited the rat locomotor activities to an extent similar to that of haloperidol during the course of the 2 weeks treatment. 3. The incidence of the apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviors (e.g., sniffing, chewing, licking and biting) was negligibly affected by SM-9018 treatment, but was markedly enhanced by haloperidol treatment. 4. The incidence of the 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced wet dog shakes and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)tetralin-induced flat body posture was unaffected by either treatment with SM-9018 or haloperidol. 5. These findings suggest that SM-9018 is weaker than haloperidol in inducing the behavioral dopaminergic hypersensitivity after its chronic treatment and has a lower propensity to cause tardive dyskinesia.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiology of breast cancer in Japan.

BACKGROUND: A recent increase in the numbers of deaths and incident cases of breast cancer among Japanese women stimulated the authors to summarize the trends in female breast cancer mortality and incidence rates in Japan. METHODS: The number of deaths from female breast cancer was obtained from the national vital statistics. Estimated incidence rates, based on several cancer registries, were also used for the analyses. The trends in the age-adjusted and age-specific rates were examined. Age and birth cohort effects on the incidence and mortality rates were examined, using multiplicative models. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mortality rate has been increasing since the 1960s (4.1 per 100,000 population in 1950 and 6.6 in 1991, adjusted by the World Population). The age-adjusted incidence rate has also been rising since 1975. Age-specific rates have been increasing particularly in the age range 40-79 years. The multiplicative models disclosed an increasing cohort effect for the mortality and incidence rates among women born after 1900. Decreasing mortality and incidence rates after menopause were ascribed by the models to strong cohort effects. CONCLUSIONS: The recently increasing trend was believed to be consistent with changed risk factors among Japanese women. The age effect on female breast cancer incidence rate in Japan was concluded to be similar to that in Western populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic endometrial appearance.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate a possible relationship between the endometrial concentrations of oestrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR), and the sonographic appearance of human endometrium. Sonographic assessments and aspirations of the endometrium at the time of or prior to ovulation were made in 48 cycles of 45 infertile women. Endometrial patterns were classified as A, triple line pattern, or B, not triple line, on the basis of echogenicity. We did not find a correlation between ER or PR and serum oestradiol or endometrial thickness. Furthermore, serum oestradiol concentrations were not correlated with endometrial pattern or thickness. The only significant correlations were found between the concentrations of ER and PR in the pattern A endometrium (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and in the pattern B endometrium (r = 0.49, P < 0.05). There were no differences in the mean concentrations of ER and PR despite differences in endometrial pattern and thickness. However, PR was measured at > 800 fmol/mg protein in 12 out of 38 pattern A endometria, while PR was < 800 fmol/mg protein in all pattern B endometria. These data suggest that high PR expression in the pre-ovulatory period is related to an adequate endometrial growth and thereby increases the responsiveness of the endometrium to progesterone stimulation after ovulation.

Buserelin↗
PubMed1995

Tea consumption and lung cancer risk: a case-control study in Okinawa, Japan.

To disclose the relationship between tea consumption and lung cancer risk, we analyzed the data from a case-control study conducted in Okinawa, Japan from 1988 to 1991. The analysis, based on 333 cases and 666 age-, sex- and residence-matched controls, provided the following major findings. (a) The greater the intake of Okinawa tea (a partially fermented tea), the smaller the risk, particularly in women. For females, the odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for those who consumed 1-4, 5-9, and 10 cups or more of Okinawan tea every day, relative to non-daily tea drinkers, were 0.77 (0.28-2.13), 0.77 (0.26-2.25) and 0.38 (0.12-1.18), respectively (trend: P = 0.032). The corresponding odds ratios for males were 0.85 (0.45-1.55), 0.85 (0.45-1.56) and 0.57 (0.31-1.06) (trend: P = 0.053). (b) The risk reduction by Okinawan tea consumption was detected mainly in squamous cell carcinoma. Daily tea consumption significantly decreased the risk of squamous cell carcinoma in males and females, the odds ratios being 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.27-0.93) and 0.08 (0.01-0.68), respectively. These findings suggest a protective effect of tea consumption against lung cancer in humans.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Augmented Ca2+ mobilization is a hypertensive trait discriminated from a 'major gene' in backcross analysis between SHR and Donryu rats.

1. Blood pressure and Ca2+ mobilization were significantly greater in SHR than in Donryu and F1 rats. 2. Backcross linkage analysis between spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Donryu rats was performed to dissect polygenic hypertensive traits and to detect the existence of a single 'major gene'. 3. Cluster and discriminant analysis of a scattergram of blood pressure versus Ca2+ mobilization classified the backcrossed rats into two groups. The two groups were referred to the higher group and the lower group with regard to their relative blood pressure values. 4. Blood pressure was correlated with Ca2+ mobilization in each group; the correlation coefficients were 0.41 for the higher group (P < 0.01) and 0.71 for the lower group (P < 0.0001).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiological investigation of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in a city in Japan.

1. In order to study the prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in Japanese subjects, inhabitants aged above 40 years living in Osaka-Sayama city from September 1992 through December 1993 were investigated. The population-based study was performed on 2498 subjects (661 males and 1837 females) constituting 10.9% of the total population aged above 40 years. 2. The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 8.7% (n = 218) in 2498 subjects. The prevalence of hypertension was 36.9% (n = 923) and that of hypertriglyceridaemia was 19.0% (n = 475). The prevalence of syndrome X as characterized by an association of glucose intolerance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia was 1.6% (n = 39) in all subjects examined and 17.4% in subjects showing glucose intolerance. 3. Fasting serum insulin levels were significantly higher in patients with syndrome X than in normal subjects. Furthermore, the levels were significantly correlated with blood levels of frucutosamine, fasting glucose and triglyceride, and with body mass index as well. 4. In conclusion, insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) is also found among the larger Japanese population, and fasting serum insulin levels can be a useful marker of this metabolic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Primary malignant lymphoma of the intestine: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical studies of 39 cases.

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features in 39 cases of primary intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in Japanese patients were studied. Only resection materials in state IE and IIE-1 were included in this study because of the certainty that the intestine was the primary site of the lymphoma. The updated Kiel classification was used to classify NHL. Histologically, only two cases (5.1%) were follicular lymphomas, and the others were diffuse lymphomas. Twenty-eight patients (71.8%) had high-grade NHL and 11 (28.2%) had low-grade NHL. Twenty (71.4%) of the 28 high-grade NHL were centroblastic lymphomas, and 14 (70.0%) of these 20 cases of centroblastic lymphoma were the polymorphic variant. Ten (90.9%) of the 11 low-grade NHL were low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Macroscopically, 18 patients had polypoid masses, 17 ulcerative tumors and four had diffusely infiltrating NHL. Seven of the 10 low-grade MALT lymphomas were polypoid masses. Immunohistochemically, 35 lesions (89.7%) were of the B cell phenotype and three (7.7%) were of the T cell phenotype. In the remaining case, the cell lineage could not be determined. No lesions were considered to be of histiocytic origin. The 5 year survival rate for high-grade B cell lymphomas was poorer than for low-grade B cell lymphomas, and the present study indicated that the histological grade of the intestinal B cell lymphomas was a prognostically significant factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of inhibition by haloperidol and chlorpromazine of a voltage-activated K+ current in rat phaeochromocytoma cells.

1. Inhibition by haloperidol and chlorpromazine of a voltage-activated K+ current was characterized in rat phaeochromocytoma PC12 cells by use of whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. 2. Haloperidol or chlorpromazine (1 and 10 microM) inhibited a K+ current activated by a test potential of +20 mV applied from a holding potential of -60 mV. The K+ current inhibition did not exhibit voltage-dependence when test potentials were changed between -10 and +40 mV or when holding potentials were changed between -120 and -60 mV. 3. Effects of compounds that are related to haloperidol and chlorpromazine in their pharmacological actions were examined. Fluspirilene (1 and 10 microM), an antipsychotic drug, inhibited the K+ current, but pimozide (1 and 10 microM), another antipsychotic drug did not significantly inhibit the K+ current. Sulpiride (1 or 10 microM), an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors, did not affect the K+ current whereas (+)-SCH-23390 (10 microM), an antagonist of dopamine D1 receptors, reduced the K+ current. As for calmodulin antagonists, W-7 (100 microM), but not calmidazolium (1 microM), reduced the K+ current. 4. The inhibition by haloperidol or chlorpromazine of the K+ current was abolished when GTP in intracellular solution was replaced with GDP beta S. Similarly, the inhibition by pimozide, fluspirilene, (+)-SCH-23390 or W-7 was abolished or attenuated in the presence of intracellular GDP beta S. The inhibition by haloperidol or chlorpromazine was not prevented when cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin or when K-252a, an inhibitor of a variety of protein kinases, was included in the intracellular solution. 5. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine reduced a Ba2+ current permeating through Ca2+ channels. Inhibition by haloperidol or chlorpromazine of the Ba2+ current was not affected by GDP beta S included in the intracellular solution. 6. It is concluded that haloperidol and chlorpromazine inhibit voltage-gated K+ channels in PC12 cells by a mechanism involving GTP-binding proteins. The inhibition may not be related to their activity as antagonists of dopamine D2 receptors or calmodulin antagonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Changes of conductivity in patients with second- or third-degree atrioventricular block after pacemaker implantation.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term course of conductivity in patients with second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block after pacemaker implantation. Fifty-four patients (30 males and 24 females, mean age 59.5 years) had a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded prior to pacemaker implantation and again after a follow-up of more than 5 years (mean 108 months). The degree of AV block and the morphology of the QRS complex in the two ECGs were compared. Twenty-eight (85%) of the 33 patients with complete AV block and 15 (71%) of the 21 patients with second-degree AV block before implantation showed complete AV block after the follow-up period. The progression of AV block was recognized only in patients with intra-His (BH) or infra-His (H-V) block. In 29 patients, escape QRS complexes were recorded in both ECGs. A change in the QRS complex was noted in 6 patients (21%), including 2 with new bundle branch block (BBB), 2 with wider BBB, 1 with new left axis deviation, and 1 with a change to another BBB. This change was particularly notable in the H-V block group (44%). IN CONCLUSION: (1) Most patients with complete AV block did not recover AV conductivity after the long-term follow-up. (2) Second-degree BH and H-V block tended to progress to complete AV block.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Nucleotide sequencing of phenylalanine dehydrogenase gene from Bacillus badius IAM 11059.

The nucleotide sequence of the pdh gene coding for PheDH from Bacillus badius IAM 11059 was analyzed. The gene consists of an ORF of 1140 nucleotides which specifies a protein of 380 codons. The primary structure of PheDH is similar to PheDH from B. sphaericus, PheDH from Themoactinomyces intermedius, and leucine dehydrogenase from B. stearothemophilus, etc.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

Studies on the establishment of appropriate spermatogenic endpoints for male fertility disturbance in rodent induced by drugs and chemicals. I. Nitrobenzene.

The effect of nitrobenzene on several spermatogenic endpoints was examined to determine which endpoints were affected by chemicals, how changes in spermatogenic endpoints are related to decreases in the rate of male fertility, and how long a treatment period is needed before damage can be detected. An experimental group of male Sprague-Dawley rats was given nitrobenzene (60 mg/kg, per os), a known inhibitor of male fertility, and a control group was given a diet of sesame oil (1 ml/kg, per os) alone. The rats were mated with normal proestrus females on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 70 of treatment. Male rats were sacrificed on the day after mating, and sperm motility, progressive motility of sperm, sperm count and sperm morphology were examined. After 7 days of treatment, no changes were observed in the endpoints examined. However, the testicular and epididymal weights, sperm count, sperm motility and progressive motility decreased significantly by day 14. By day 21 sperm viability and the fertility index decreased, while increases were observed in the abnormal sperm rate and instances in which no motile sperm existed. However, even after 70 days of treatment, the copulation index was not affected. The most sensitive spermatogenic endpoints were determined to be sperm count and sperm motility, followed by progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm rate and fertility index. The copulation index is not a meaningful endpoint for male fertility. Furthermore, a period of at least 14 days is necessary for evaluation of the effect of nitrobenzene on male fertility.

Animals↗