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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohmoto

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohmoto.

135 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

In vitro production of human interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells examined by sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay.

The in vitro production of human interleukin 1 alpha (hIL 1 alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (hIL 1 beta) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was examined by sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassays which could discriminate hIL 1 alpha and hIL 1 beta without cross-reaction with human IL2. In culture supernatants of mononuclear cells, two components were detected by sandwich enzyme immunoassay for hIL 1 alpha or hIL 1 beta. The molecular weight of one component was shown to be equal to that of recombinant hIL 1 alpha or hIL 1 beta by gel filtration. The elution volume of the other component corresponded to a molecular weight of about 30,000. The sum of the two components for both hIL 1 alpha and hIL 1 beta in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects increased 1.7 to 38-fold by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The sum of the two components for hIL 1 beta was 13 to 97-fold larger than that for hIL 1 alpha.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific cytotoxicity of antibody to YAL-198, a sperm antigen peptide, to murine zygote.

Active immunization with the peptide segments rSMP-230 and YAL-198, corresponding to the hydrophilic extracellular domain of two human sperm antigens (rSMP-B and YWK-II, respectively), reduced fertility in female rats by different mechanisms. The anti-rSMP-230 antibody interferes with human and murine fertilization, and the anti-YAL-198 antibody blocks the development of mouse embryos. The authors examined in vitro at which stage the antibodies to rSMP-230 and YAL-198 were cytotoxic to murine embryos up to morula/blastocyst stage. Anti-rSMP-230 antibody was not cytotoxic to any stages. On the other hand, the anti-YAL-198 antibody arrested the growth of embryos at the 2-cell stage but not at more advanced developmental stages. When the anti-YAL-198 antibody was used, spotty staining was observed only on the surfaces of embryos that had arrested at the 2-cell stage. Unstained embryos, however, continued to develop normally. In contrast, the anti-rSMP-230 antibody stained murine sperm but failed to stain murine ova and embryos. The present results suggest that the human sperm components rSMP-B and YWK-II play important roles in sperm-egg interaction and early development of the embryo, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concentration of granulocyte elastase in seminal plasma is not associated with sperm motility.

Although elastase could affect sperm motility in vitro, secretory leukocytes protease inhibitor (SLPI) prevents sperm from being attacked by elastase. The authors investigated the correlations of elastase level with sperm motility and SLPI level in vivo. Semen samples (n = 116) were collected and centrifuged after semen analysis. Elastase and SLPI levels were determined by an enzyme immunosorbent assay. Samples were classified by elastase levels into low (<250 ng/mL), moderate (250-1,000 ng/mL), and high elastase groups (> or =1,000 ng/mL). Elastase levels (range, 2.8-23,974.4 ng/mL) were not associated with sperm motility. The median SLPI level in the high elastase group was 15,900 ng/mL (range, 2.860-46,900 ng/mL). However, there was no significant correlation between elastase and SLPI levels in seminal plasma. Since SLPI forms a 1:1 complex with elastase, these results suggest that seminal plasma has a sufficient amount of SLPI to protect spermatozoa from elastase.

Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postmenopausal changes in production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines and the effects of hormone replacement therapy.

OBJECTIVE: An appropriate defense against infective agents or malignant cells is attributed to the exquisitely balanced T helper 1 type (cellular) and T helper 2 type (humoral) immune reactions. We investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on postmenopausal changes in the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10, a type 1 and a type 2 cytokine, respectively. DESIGN: Both cytokines were measured by ELISA in the supernatant of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood cells from 72 untreated and 44 HRT-treated women. Thirteen women were examined before and during HRT. RESULTS: The production of IFN-gamma in women in their 40s and in postmenopausal women was significantly higher compared with that of younger women. However, IFN-gamma fell to the lowest level in the late postmenopausal stage, whereas the production of IL-10 increased gradually with age and in parallel with the postmenopausal period. Thus, in women in the mid-and late postmenopausal period, excessive production of type 2 cytokine (IL-10) compared with type 1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) occurred. The IFN-gamma levels of women on HRT were significantly lower than those of untreated women in the early and mid-postmenopausal stages, and IL-10 levels of women on HRT were significantly lower than those of untreated women in the mid-and late postmenopausal stages. HRT induced a significant decrease in the production of IL-10 and tended to lower the level of IFN-gamma. CONCLUSIONS: Production of IL-10 is augmented in postmenopausal women. HRT probably prevents postmenopausal women from an aberration of the immune system by improving the balance of type 1 and type 2 immune reactions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential changes in cerebral blood flow, early neuropathological consequences and blood-brain barrier disruption following radiofrequency-induced localized hyperthermia in the rat.

We investigated the temperature distribution, early histological changes, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and sequential changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) following hyperthermia ranging from 37 to 45 degrees C in a new rat model of radiofrequency-induced localized cerebral hyperthermia. Significant histological changes and BBB disruption were observed in brain regions heated to 43 degrees C and above. In the cortex heated to 41 degrees C, the CBF doubled 20 min after hyperthermia induction, and then returned gradually to the pre-hyperthermic level. In the cortex heated to 43 degrees C, the CBF increased to 134% of the baseline level 10 min after hyperthermia induction, and then fell gradually to reach its minimum level (31% of the baseline level). In the cortex heated to 45 degrees C, the CBF decreased immediately after hyperthermia induction to reach 10% of the baseline level. The results indicate that hyperthermia-induced cellular injury in the central nervous system is associated with cerebral ischaemia and the threshold temperature for such injury is 43 degrees C. This model is useful for investigating the effects of hyperthermia on various cerebral functions and the CBF changes demonstrated in the present study may provide key information for the analysis of other cerebral functions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokine response to human liver ischemia-reperfusion injury during hepatectomy: marker of injury or surgical stress?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory or antiinflammatory cytokine response to ischemia-reperfusion during hepatectomy and to find a useful marker of injury or surgical stress during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. METHODOLOGY: In 9 patients with liver disease who underwent hepatectomy using the Pringle maneuver, serum cytokines, including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and hyaluronic acid, were measured just prior to vascular occlusion; 5, 10 and 15 min after initial clamping; and 3 min after initial declamping. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase did not significantly differ before and after ischemia-reperfusion during hepatectomy. However, mean concentrations of hyaluronic acid after ischemia-reperfusion were significantly (P < 0.03) higher than before clamping. Although there were no significant differences in the mean concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha among, before and after ischemia-reperfusion, the mean concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after ischemia-reperfusion and macrophage colony-stimulating factor after reperfusion were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than before clamping. CONCLUSIONS: Although hepatic parenchymal cell function was maintained after ischemia-reperfusion during hepatectomy, sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction was found. Release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor after ischemia-reperfusion were also found. These cytokines and hyaluronic acid may be useful indicators in the early phase of human ischemia-reperfusion injury during hepatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An assessment of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta production in patients with bladder cancer.

The activities of interleukin-1 alpha(IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were investigated in whole-blood cultures from 30 patients with bladder cancer and 16 healthy subjects. Heparinized blood was cultured in the absence and presence of various concentrations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The culture supernatants were obtained and the activities of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the absence of LPS stimulation, there was no significant spontaneous elaboration of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in patients with bladder cancer compared with control subjects. Under the stimulation of various concentrations of LPS, patients with bladder cancer and controls subjects produced IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in a dose-dependent manner, and IL-1 beta was found predominantly in the supernatant. Lower IL-1 alpha and higher IL-1 beta activities were found in patients with bladder cancer, but statistical significance was not achieved when compared with control subjects. This study suggested that patients with bladder cancer have no spontaneous elaboration of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta and no significant impaired ability in LPS-stimulated IL-1 alpha and IL1 beta production.

Adult↗