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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohmori.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Location of efferent and afferent neurons innervating the ovary in the hen.

Efferent and afferent neurons were labeled by injections of horseradish peroxidase into the ovary of the hen. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons were located in the paravertebral ganglia T2-LS2 (28% of total number of labeled neurons) and prevertebral ganglia (36%). Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons were located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (7%). Sensory neurons were found in the dorsal root ganglia T2-LS2 (28%) and nodose ganglia (under 1%). Although in the hen only the left ovary is functional, the labeled neurons were found bilaterally except for nodose ganglia. The significance of bilateral innervation in the ovary of the hen needs further investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical studies on the intestinal nerve of Remak in the male chicken.

A peroxidase anti-peroxidase method was used to investigate and compare the distribution of neuropeptide and catecholamine synthesizing enzyme immunoreactive (IR) ganglion cells and nerve fibres in the intestinal nerve of Remak (INR) of male chickens. In the INR there were three kinds of ganglion cells: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)- and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-IR cells; AADC- and PNMT-IR but TH-immunonegative cells; and ganglion cells being immunoreactive for methionine enkephalin (mENK)- and somatostatin (SOM). The first one was distributed throughout the INR. The second was restricted in the ileojejunal region, and the last was localized in the rectal region. Substance P- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-IR nerve fibres were distributed in common but variable in number around three kinds of ganglion cells. Then TH-IR cells were characterized by the distribution of many calcitonin gene related peptide- and a few cholecystokinin-IR fibres. mENK and SOM-IR cells, and TH-immunonegative cells were distinguished by the distribution of SOM- and galanin-IR fibres. In addition, TH-immunonegative cells were characterized by the distribution of mENK- and neuropeptide Y-IR nerve fibres which were very few in number. Fig. 21 summarizes the connections described in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Interferon-stimulated response element and NF kappa B sites cooperate to regulate double-stranded RNA-induced transcription of the IP-10 gene.

To understand the mechanisms involved in dsRNA-induced gene expression, we analyzed the poly(I/C)-induced transcription of the IFN-inducible chemokine gene IP-10 using the GRE cell line in which type I IFN genes have been deleted. Accumulation of IP-10 mRNA in GRE cells was more strongly stimulated by treatment with dsRNA than by IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma and was independent of protein synthesis. This same pattern of response was produced when GRE cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid containing 243 bases of sequence from the promoter of the murine IP-10 gene linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Deletion- and site-specific mutagenesis of the 243 base pair fragment indicated that an ISRE located between residues -204 and -228 was a primary target site for the action of dsRNA on this promoter. This was confirmed by results showing that two copies of this ISRE tandemly arrayed in front of the thymidine kinase promoter were able to mediate reporter gene transcription in dsRNA-stimulated cells. At least one of the two NF kappa B binding sites present in the 243 base pair IP-10 promoter is also necessary for response to dsRNA; mutation of both sites eliminates promoter activity. Thus the ISRE and one NF kappa B site cooperate to produce transcriptional response to dsRNA.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical colocalization of serotonin, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and polypeptide hormones in islet A- and PP-cells of the cat pancreas.

To establish which monoamines are elaborated in the pancreatic islet cells of cats, the pancreatic tissue was studied by immunohistochemistry on serial or mirror tissue sections. Glucagon-containing A-cells reacted immunohistochemically with antisera directed against serotonin and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, though the half of A-cells immunostained with glucagon antiserum did not show the colocalization with serotonin. Pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP-cells also showed immunoreactivity for antisera directed against serotonin and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. However, PP-cells exhibiting immunoreactivity for serotonin were very few in number. The overlapping areas of the two types of cell represented only a small proportion of the PP-cells. Immunoreactivity for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase was observed within almost all A- and PP-cells. Since aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of serotonin, it is concluded that pancreatic islet A- and PP-cells in cats have the ability to elaborate serotonin. Contrarily, islet B- and D-cells showing immunoreactivity for insulin and somatostatin antisera, respectively, did not react with antisera directed against serotonin and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The spinal segmental and preganglionic projections from the brainstem in relation to the chicken cloaca.

Descending projections from the brainstem to the sympathetic and parasympathetic regions of the chicken spinal cord were investigated by means of the WGA-HRP method. The segmental and preganglionic injections of WGA-HRP were made into spinal segments 20-23 and 30-33 which were sympathetically and parasympathetically related to the cloaca, respectively. After injections of a large amount of WGA-HRP into each level of segments 20-23 and 30-33, the labeled SP-neurons (segmental projection neurons) were distributed mainly in the ventral half of the medulla in both cases. The distribution of these labeled neurons extended mainly to the central (20-23 segmental injections) and the lateral (30-33 segmental injections) tegmental regions of the pons. In the mesencephalon, some SP-neurons were found in the dorsomedial reticular formation and the dorsal midline area, in addition to the Ru in both cases. By iontophoretic microinjections of WGA-HRP into the preganglionic regions of these segments, the labeled preganglionic projection neurons (PP-neurons) were found in the ventromedial part of the medulla. Both distributions of the labeled PP-neurons projecting to the sympathetic and parasympathetic regions were similar in the medulla. In the pons, although the sympathetic PP-neurons were found in the ventromedial pontine tegmentum, most of the parasympathetic PP-neurons were found in the dorsolateral tegmentum, e.g., the LoC-SC region. In the mesencephalon, a few sympathetic PP-neurons were found in the midline area ventromedial to the EW, but no parasympathetic PP-neurons were observed in the mesencephalon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hypothalamic projections to the spinal segments and preganglionic regions by means of choleratoxin subunit B conjugated HRP in the chicken.

Hypothalamo-spinal projections were studied using the method of retrograde axonal transport of choleratoxin subunit B conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (CTb-HRP) in chickens. CTb-HRP was injected into the segmental and preganglionic regions of spinal segments 23-24 and segments 31-32 which are sympathetically and parasympathetically connected with the cloaca, respectively. Many labeled SP-neurons (segmental projection neurons) were found in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), except in its lateral protrusion. The distribution of these labeled neurons continued to the more caudal areas such as the vicinity of the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami (PHN), areas medial to the stratum cellulare externum (SCE), the nucleus interstitialis (IS), and the posterior hypothalamic areas. Some labeled SP-neurons were also found in the lateral hypothalamic area. These labeled SP-neurons were distributed in almost the same areas in both cases of injection into segments 23-24 and 31-32. However, the number of labeled neurons was somewhat different rostrocaudally according to the spinal levels injected. In contrast, after microinjections into the spinal preganglionic regions, a small number of PP-neurons (preganglionic projection neurons) were found only in the ventral part of the PVN. These PP-neurons showed the rostrocaudally discernible segregation; PP-neurons in the rostral PVN and those in the caudal PVN were predominantly labeled by microinjections into segments 23-24 and segments 31-32, respectively. The present study suggests that the rostral PVN is more sympathetic and the caudal PVN is more parasympathetic in chickens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Carbon-11 labeled diacylglycerol for signal transduction imaging: effect of the solubilizer on the distribution and radiation dosimetry].

Carbon-11 labeled diacylglycerol (11C-DAG) has been developed as a signal transduction imaging agent for the CNS, and it can visualize the second messenger. For clinical application by positron CT (PET), the 11C-DAG solution must be prepared for intravenous injection. However, the 11C-DAG does not dissolve in water because of its lipophilicity and requires a solubilizer such as human serum albumin (HSA) and Tween 80 (TW-80). We examined the influence of these solubilizers on the tissue distribution of 11C-DAG, and estimated the radiation dosimetry. In the brain, uptake of 11C-DAG dissolved with HSA was 1.3-1.8 times higher than that of dissolved with TW-80. On the other hand, the lung and spleen showed a higher uptake of 11C-DAG using TW-80 than when using HSA. Especially, the lungs showed 20-40 times higher uptake than when using HSA. Also, the washout of radioactivity from tissue was slower, and the dose of radiation exposure was estimated to be higher, with TW-80 than with HSA. Therefore, between TW-80 and HSA with different solubilizing mechanisms, the later was suggested to be a better solubilizer of 11C-DAG.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cooperative interaction between interferon (IFN) stimulus response element and kappa B sequence motifs controls IFN gamma- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated transcription from the murine IP-10 promoter.

The transcriptional regulation of the murine IP-10 gene in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon gamma (IFN gamma)-treated macrophages was investigated by analysis of regions of the gene that flank the transcription start site. A series of sequence fragments were placed 5' to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and ability to mediate transcription of CAT in response to IFN gamma or LPS treatment was studied following transient transfection in the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Analysis of larger constructs identified a potential negative regulatory site for IFN gamma response in the region between nucleotide positions -2002 and -930 and a positive regulator for LPS response in the region between bases -930 and -676. A 227-base fragment spanning positions -228 to -2 was the minimal sequence able to mediate LPS- and IFN gamma-dependent transcription of CAT. Deletion of 24 bases, which included a highly conserved IFN stimulus response element (ISRE) from the -228 construct, abolished response to IFN gamma. A 33-base fragment containing the IP-10 ISRE was able to confer both IFN gamma and LPS sensitivity upon a heterologous promoter. The ability of LPS to stimulate CAT via the ISRE was apparently mediated by intermediate expression of endogenous IFN alpha/beta. Elimination of bases -204 to -102 abolished sensitivity to LPS. This region contains two kappa B binding sites. Site-directed mutagenesis of key nucleotides in the ISRE and the two kappa B sites demonstrated that optimal response to IFN gamma required both the ISRE and one of the two kappa B sites, whereas optimal response to LPS required either both kappa B sites or one kappa B site and the ISRE. IFN gamma or LPS treatment induced sequence-specific binding activity for the ISRE and the two kappa B sites. These results indicate that the 230 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site are important for transcriptional control of the IP-10 gene in response to IFN gamma and LPS. The three defined regulatory elements function in distinct fashion for each of the two stimuli; optimal response to either IFN gamma or LPS requires cooperation between at least two sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

A lipopolysaccharide-inducible macrophage gene (D3) is a new member of an interferon-inducible gene cluster and is selectively expressed in mononuclear phagocytes.

We previously reported the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible mRNAs from murine peritoneal macrophages. We now present the complete coding sequence of a cDNA previously termed D3. Analysis of multiple clones from a murine macrophage cDNA library provided a complete cDNA sequence of approximately 1.6 kb. The corresponding RNA contains a single open reading frame encoding a hydrophilic protein composed of 425 amino acids and is characterized by a region including three perfect and two imperfect repeats of a seven-amino-acid sequence. Based on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence, this mRNA is a new member of a previously described multigene cluster of interferon-inducible genes termed the Mouse 200 series genes. This new sequence most closely resembles gene 204 because both D3 and 204 genes have segments containing the seven-amino-acid repeat sequence. The Mouse 202 and 204 genes, however, have an approximately 200-amino-acid carboxyl-terminal domain that is absent in the LPS-inducible macrophage-derived cDNA. In addition, D3, 202, and 204 can all be distinguished from one another by virtue of unique 3' noncoding regions 200-300 base pairs in length. The D3 unique sequence is largely restricted to the smallest of the three size classes of this gene family expressed in macrophages and is not detected in interferon- or platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts. Overall, three separate mRNAs have now been described, each of which has three or more of a possible seven nucleotide sequence domains. Although the function(s) of the members of this gene family remains unknown, the multiple forms inducible by diverse stimuli and their restricted cell type expression suggest diverse and important physiologic roles for their products in inflammation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

c-Myc selectively regulates the latent period and erythroid-specific genes in murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation.

During the latent period of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation, c-myc levels showed a significant change and the overexpression of the transferred c-myc gene inhibited the commitment and differentiation of MEL cells, suggesting that c-Myc may be a key molecule for the commitment. Since c-Myc may function as a DNA binding transcription factor, we examined whether c-Myc regulates the latent period genes (hsp and hsc70, MER5, Id and Spi-1 genes) and the erythroid-specific genes [beta-globin, glycophorin, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS-E), GATA-1 and erythropoietin receptor (EpoR)] in the MEL cell transformant having transferred c-myc gene. The overexpression of c-myc gene affected the latent period genes in different ways: hsc and hsp 70 genes and Id gene were positively regulated, while expression of MER5 gene was repressed. While c-myc is thought to be involved in DNA replication, its overexpression showed no effect on the expression of proliferating cell specific nuclear antigen or DNA polymerase a. The overexpression of c-myc repressed the expression of glycophorin, ALAS-E and beta-globin genes, of the five erythroid-specific genes, but had no effect on expression of GATA-1 or EpoR gene. These results suggest that c-Myc differentially regulates the expression of the latent period and erythroid-specific genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Hemodynamic disturbances in cerebral ischemia: correlation between positron emission tomographic and angiographic findings.

Proper treatment of ischemic stroke requires better understanding of cerebral hemodynamic changes. The hemodynamic changes associated with ischemia were measured using positron emission tomography and related to angiographic findings in the subacute and chronic stages of 17 ischemia patients who showed symptoms of main trunk stenosis of the internal carotid artery system. The hemodynamic factors, cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, oxygen extraction fraction, and flow/volume ratio, were measured in regions of interest determined from the angiographic stenosis (over 50%) and compared in each stage. The cerebral blood flow and flow/volume ratio in the territory downstream of the main trunk stenosis and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen in the whole cortex were decreased in the subacute stage. In the chronic stage, cerebral blood flow and flow/volume ratio decreased mainly in borderzone areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of complete remission of metastatic skin carcinoma (erythema type) from advanced gastric cancer by CDDP administration].

A 75-year-old female with skin metastasis from advanced gastric cancer (portion A, tub2, ss beta, n2, P0H0, Borrmann 3-type) was successfully treated with CDDP at a dosage of 25 mg/body every week or two. She had undergone R2 curative subtotal gastrectomy in October 1986, and had orally taken tegafur 300 mg/day as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Three years after the operation, she had skin erythema at chest and neck. A pathological examination revealed that the skin erythema was a metastasis of gastric cancer. After administration of 5-FU and MMC, the skin lesion diminished in size, but in November of 1990, it expanded again. Administration of 5-FU, MMC and epirubicin was not effective. The skin lesion expanded extensively and changed to nodular type. CDDP was intermittently administered from August 1991 to December 1991, 25 mg/body div. every week or two; the total volume of CDDP reached 225 mg. The metastatic skin carcinoma disappeared and a complete response was obtained. CEA, which had been high (190 ng/ml), regained the normal level. Thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction developed as side effects, but reduced after cessation of CDDP administration. The patient has been well for 3 years and 6 months since the onset of the skin metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Study of pre- and post-operative chemotherapy with oral 5-FU in patients with gastric cancer. Study Group of Pre- and Post-Operative Oral 5-FU in Gastric Cancer].

A cooperative study group consisted of 37 medical institutions evaluated the utility of pre- and post-operative chemotherapy with oral 5-FU by comparing with the historical controls of the patients treated with operation alone who were registered in Japanese Gastric Cancer List. Of 634 patients entered in this trial, 366 patients received curative operation at macroscopical stages II and III were studied as eligible cases. The relative 5-year survival at macroscopical stage II and III was 68.6% with 5-FU, significantly higher than 62.6% with operation alone (p < 0.05). Particularly, 5-year survival at macroscopical stage III was markedly different between 57.1% with 5-FU and 42.7% with operation alone. In order to make more effective comparison with the historical controls in this 1-arm trial, the background factors in 5-FU and control groups were matched in the ratio of 1:2 or 1:3 with respect to the following 4 factors: tumor site, S, N and macroscopical tumor type (by Kajitani's classification). As a result, the 5-year survival at macroscopical stages II and III was significantly higher with 5-FU (67.5%, 69.1%) than with operation alone (59.9%, 59.8%), and in particular this tendency was more marked at macroscopical stage III. These results suggest the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy in macroscopical stage III gastric cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Phosphoinositide turnover imaging linked to muscarinic cholinergic receptor in the central nervous system by positron emission tomography.

Receptor-mediated membrane processing plays an essential role in neural function in the synapses. In such neurotransmission process, the phosphoinositide (PI) response, an effector in the production of second-messengers, can be used to assess in vivo signal transduction. Using in vivo autoradiography and positron emission tomography (PET), we attempted to visualize the PI response to muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR)-stimulation in rats and monkeys, which were administered 1,2-[11C]diacylglycerol (DAG) intravenously. Enhancement of 1,2-[11C]DAG incorporation was observed in the rat ipsilateral hippocampus and cortex in which mAChR-agonist was administered by local injection, but this was in contrast to spreading cortical depression in the ipsilateral cortex using KCl. In monkey PET studies, dynamic brain scanning revealed increase in activity over time for about 15 min after a bolus injection of 1,2-[11C]DAG in an awake state. The activity then remained at a constant level. This finding documented the theoretical "membrane-trapping" mechanism. The systemic mAChR-stimulation accelerated incorporation in the cerebral cortices of the same monkey brain. Radioactivity uptake did not differ significantly between the mAChR-stimulated and nonstimulated early scan images. This suggested that cerebral blood flow does not greatly affect DAG incorporation. In sequential membrane processes of PI turnover, diacylglycerol kinase rapidly metabolizes DAG, included in PI turnover. In conclusion 1,2-[11C]DAG incorporation was limited by receptor-mediated PI turnover, which can represent real synaptic transmission in neural networks.

Animals↗